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Cancer Biology & Medicine Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Tumor Microenvironment; Glioma; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
PubMed: 36350003
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0363 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Oct 2014The traditional approach in neuro-oncology is to study the tumor in great detail and ultimately give little consideration to the brain itself. Choosing the best... (Review)
Review
The traditional approach in neuro-oncology is to study the tumor in great detail and ultimately give little consideration to the brain itself. Choosing the best treatment strategy for each patient with a diffuse low-grade glioma, in other words optimizing the oncologic and functional balance, implies not only a full knowledge of the natural history of this chronic disease, but also an understanding of the adaptation of the brain in response to growth and spread of the glioma. The aim of this review is to examine the mechanisms underlying this neuroplasticity, allowing functional compensation when the tumor progresses, and opening the way to new treatments with the principle of shifting towards "functional personalized neuro-oncology", improving both median survival and quality of life.
Topics: Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Glioma; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Precision Medicine; Quality of Life; Survival Rate
PubMed: 25218490
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.08.001 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer Jan 2014In this issue of the Chinese Journal of Cancer, European experts review current standards, trends, and future prospects in the difficult domain of high-grade glioma. In...
In this issue of the Chinese Journal of Cancer, European experts review current standards, trends, and future prospects in the difficult domain of high-grade glioma. In all fields covered by the different authors, the progress has been impressive. For example, discoveries at the molecular level have already impacted imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies, and they are expected to play an increasing role in the management of these cancers. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has pioneered new treatment strategies and contributed to new standards. The articles in this issue will cover basic molecular biological principles applicable today, novel surgical approaches, innovations in radiotherapy planning and delivery, evidence-based standards for radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy, current standards and novel approaches for systemic treatments, and the important but often neglected field of health-related quality of life. Despite the advances described in these articles, the overall prognosis of high-grade glioma, especially glioblastoma, remains poor, and more research is needed to address this problem.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Quality of Life
PubMed: 24384235
DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10215 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2019Gliomas are tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis among primary brain tumors and they present difficulties in surgical removal, having also high recurrence rate.... (Review)
Review
Gliomas are tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis among primary brain tumors and they present difficulties in surgical removal, having also high recurrence rate. The efficacy of various treatments on high-grade gliomas is not satisfactory. Some studies have found that age, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other factors, such as tumor molecular pathology, have a certain impact on the recurrence of high-grade gliomas, and a common concern in the studies of high-grade gliomas is that one single treatment often has low efficacy. However, with the development of molecular biology, there is a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors, and molecular targeted therapy has attracked impressive attention. The treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas is also more abundant , Diversity of treatment options than before. Oncolytic virus therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and electric field therapy are now available. These emerging treatments are expected to improve the prospect of treating recurrent high-grade gliomas.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Glioma; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oncolytic Virotherapy
PubMed: 31127986
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2022Ependymoma, one of the most common gliomas in cats, occurs most often in the lateral and third ventricles and has variable histologic patterns that often form rosettes...
Ependymoma, one of the most common gliomas in cats, occurs most often in the lateral and third ventricles and has variable histologic patterns that often form rosettes and pseudorosettes. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. Although widely used as a diagnostic marker for most gliomas, OLIG2 is reported to have minimal immunolabeling in ependymomas. Here we characterize the OLIG2 immunolabeling pattern in 19 cases of feline ependymoma, which occurred predominantly in the lateral and third ventricles. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP was variable in 14 cases and was typically localized in the cytoplasmic processes of the neoplastic ependymal cells, especially in the rosettes and pseudorosettes. Nuclear OLIG2 immunolabeling was present in 17 cases and varied in intensity from weak (4 cases) to strong (13 cases). The distribution of OLIG2 immunolabeling within the neoplasms included none (2 cases), <25% (7 cases), 25-50% (6 cases), 51-75% (2 cases), and >75% (3 cases). OLIG2 immunolabeling intensity and distribution is widespread in feline ependymoma, in contrast to ependymomas in other species, and should not be relied upon as a specific marker for feline oligodendroglioma.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Cat Diseases; Cats; Ependymoma; Glioma; Immunohistochemistry; Oligodendroglioma
PubMed: 35762120
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221107898 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Exosomes constitute small extracellular vesicles that contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates from the secreted cells and are capable of... (Review)
Review
Exosomes constitute small extracellular vesicles that contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates from the secreted cells and are capable of transmitting signals between cells and coordinating cellular communication. By this means, they are ultimately involved in physiology and disease, including development, homeostasis, and immune system regulation, as well as contributing to tumor progression and neurodegenerative diseases pathology. Recent studies have shown that gliomas secrete a panel of exosomes which have been associated with cell invasion and migration, tumor immune tolerance, potential for malignant transformation, neovascularization, and resistance to treatment. Exosomes have therefore emerged as intercellular communicators, which mediate the tumor-microenvironment interactions and exosome-regulated glioma cell stemness and angiogenesis. They may induce tumor proliferation and malignancy in normal cells by carrying pro-migratory modulators from cancer cells as well as many different molecular cancer modifiers, such as oncogenic transcripts, miRNAs, mutant oncoproteins, etc., which promote the communication of cancer cells with the surrounding stromal cells and provide valuable information on the molecular profile of the existing tumor. Moreover, engineered exosomes can provide an alternative system for drug delivery and enable efficient treatment. In the present review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of exosomes in glioma pathogenesis, their utility in non-invasive diagnosis, and potential applications to treatment.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Glioma; Neoplasms; Extracellular Vesicles; Cell Communication; Biomarkers; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37373314
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210162 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Gliomas are the most common intracranial nervous system tumours that are highly malignant and aggressive, and mitochondria are an important marker of metabolic...
BACKGROUND
Gliomas are the most common intracranial nervous system tumours that are highly malignant and aggressive, and mitochondria are an important marker of metabolic reprogramming of tumour cells, the prognosis of which cannot be accurately predicted by current histopathology. Therefore, Identify a mitochondrial gene with immune-related features that could be used to predict the prognosis of glioma patients.
METHODS
Gliomas data were downloaded from the TCGA database and mitochondrial-associated genes were obtained from the MITOCARTA 3.0 dataset. The CGGA, kamoun and gravendeel databases were used as external datasets. LASSO(Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression was applied to identify prognostic features, and area and nomograms under the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were used to assess the robustness of the model. Single sample genomic enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to explore the relationship between model genes and immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity was used to identify targeting drugs. Cellular studies were then performed to demonstrate drug killing against tumours.
RESULTS
COX assembly mitochondrial protein homolog (), Cytochrome c oxidase protein 20 homolog () and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 () were identified as prognostic key genes in glioma, with , progressively increasing and progressively decreasing with decreasing risk scores. ROC curve analysis of the TCGA training set model yielded AUC (Area Under The Curve) values >0.8 for 1-, 2- and 3-year survival, and the model was associated with both CD8+ T cells and immune checkpoints. Finally, using cellMiner database and molecular docking, it was confirmed that binds covalently to Amonafide lysine at position 78 and threonine at position 82, while cellular assays showed that Amonafide inhibits glioma migration and invasion.
CONCLUSION
Our three mitochondrial genomic composition-related features accurately predict Survival in glioma patients, and we also provide glioma chemotherapeutic agents that may be mitochondria-related targets.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Molecular Docking Simulation; Precision Medicine; DNA, Mitochondrial; Glioma; Mitochondria
PubMed: 37091853
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172182 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aug 2017Brain neoplasms constitute a group of tumors with discrete differentiation grades, and therefore, course of disease and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)... (Review)
Review
Brain neoplasms constitute a group of tumors with discrete differentiation grades, and therefore, course of disease and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard method for the investigation of central nervous system tumors. However, MRI suffers certain limitations, especially if radiation therapy or chemotherapy has been previously applied. On the other hand, given the development of newer radiopharmaceuticals, positron emission tomography (PET) aims to a better investigation of brain tumors, assisting in the clinical management of the patients. In the present review, the potential contribution of radiolabeled fluorothymidine (FLT) imaging for the evaluation of brain tumors will be discussed. In particular, we will present the role of FLT-PET imaging in the depiction of well and poorly differentiated lesions, the assessment of patient prognosis and treatment response, and the recognition of disease recurrence. Moreover, related semi-quantitative and kinetic parameters will be discussed.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Dideoxynucleosides; Glioma; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Positron-Emission Tomography; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28612247
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1183-2 -
Theranostics 2023Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occupied a highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TIME). Long noncoding...
Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occupied a highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TIME). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), whose expression can be modified by DNA methylation, are emerging as critical regulators in the immune system. However, knowledge about the epigenetic changes in lncRNAs and their contribution to the immune heterogeneity of glioma is still lacking. In this study, we integrated paired methylome and transcriptome datasets of glioblastomas and identified 2 robust immune subtypes based on lncRNA methylation features. The immune characteristics of glioma subtypes were compared. Furthermore, immune-related lncRNAs were identified and their relationships with immune evasion were evaluated. Glioma immunophenotypes exhibited distinct immune-related characteristics as well as clinical and epigenetic features. 149 epigenetically regulated (ER) lncRNAs were recognized that possessed inverse variation in epigenetic and transcriptional levels between glioma subtypes. Immune-related lncRNAs were further identified through the investigation of their correlation with immune cell infiltrations and immune-related pathways. In particular, the 'Hot' glioma subtype with higher immunoactivity while a worse survival outcome was found to character immune evasion features. We finally prioritized candidate ER lncRNAs associated with immune evasion markers and response to glioma immunotherapy. Among them, CD109-AS1 and LINC02447 were validated as novel immunoevasive biomarkers for glioma through experiments. In summary, our study systematically reveals the crosstalk among DNA methylation, lncRNA, and immune regulation in glioblastomas, and will facilitate the development of epigenetic immunotherapy approaches.
Topics: Glioblastoma; DNA Methylation; Humans; Tumor Escape; RNA, Long Noncoding; Cell Line, Tumor; Methylation; Immunophenotyping; Tumor Microenvironment; Glioma; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 37056564
DOI: 10.7150/thno.79874 -
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC Apr 2021Evidence is mixed on whether cholesterol plays a role in the pathogenesis of glioma. We explored the associations between circulating lipids and glioma risk in three...
PURPOSE
Evidence is mixed on whether cholesterol plays a role in the pathogenesis of glioma. We explored the associations between circulating lipids and glioma risk in three prospective cohorts.
METHODS
Using prospective data from the UK Biobank, we examined the associations of total cholesterol (TC), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) with glioma risk in multivariable (MV)-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), we carried out a matched, nested case-control study to examine these same associations.
RESULTS
In the UK Biobank, 490 gliomas accrued over 2,358,964 person-years. TC was not significantly associated with glioma risk (MV HR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.89-1.61 for highest quartile vs. lowest, p-trend = 0.24). In 4-year lagged analyses (n = 229), higher TC was associated with significantly higher risk of glioma in men (MV HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.32-3.89, p-trend = 0.002) but not women (MV HR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.61-2.68, p-trend = 0.72); similar findings emerged for HDL-C and, to a lesser extent, LDL-C. In the NHS/HPFS, no significant associations were found between cholesterol and glioma risk. No significant associations were identified for TG.
CONCLUSION
In the UK Biobank, higher prediagnostic TC and HDL-C levels were associated with higher risk of glioma in 4-year lagged analyses, but not in non-lagged analyses, in men only. These findings merit further investigation, given that there are few risk factors and no reliable biomarkers of risk identified for glioma.
Topics: Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glioma; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; United Kingdom
PubMed: 33484419
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01391-8