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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1988Members of the genus Mobiluncus are anaerobic motile curved rods which are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the ATCC type... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Members of the genus Mobiluncus are anaerobic motile curved rods which are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the ATCC type strains of M. curtisii subsp. curtisii, M. curtisii subsp. holmesii, and M. mulieris were produced and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Four MAbs were subspecies specific and reacted with M. curtisii subsp. curtisii but not with M. curtisii subsp. holmesii; four were specific for M. mulieris. The remaining antibodies demonstrated some cross-reactivity: three were species specific and reacted with both subspecies of M. curtisii, and one defined an epitope shared by M. curtisii subsp. holmesii and M. mulieris but not by M. curtisii subsp. curtisii. None of the MAbs reacted with a panel of other bacteria commonly present in the vaginas of normal women or women with BV. Examination of the molecular specificities of the antibodies by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed four antibodies which were specific for an 82,000-dalton molecule of M. curtisii subsp. curtisii and five antibodies which bound a major band of M. mulieris at 93,000 daltons. Selected MAbs reacted in the indirect immunofluorescence assay with 24 of 25 Mobiluncus spp. clinical isolates from local women with BV and could be used for direct detection of Mobiluncus spp. in vaginal fluid from a patient with BV.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hybridomas; Vagina; Vaginitis
PubMed: 3068252
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.12.2598-2603.1988 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2020The vaginal microbiota of healthy women typically has low diversity, which increases after perturbations. Among these, lifestyle associated with certain sexual and...
The vaginal microbiota of healthy women typically has low diversity, which increases after perturbations. Among these, lifestyle associated with certain sexual and antimicrobial practices may be associated with higher diversity. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the vaginal microbiota in the cervicovaginal and introital sites in sexually active Amerindians (N = 82) spanning urbanization, and in urban mestizos (N = 29), in the Venezuelan Amazonas. HPV status was also considered. Sampling was performed in an urban gradient from remote villages to a town, and women were individually classified by the degree of urbanization (low, medium, and high). Amerindian cervicovaginal and introital microbiota diversity were not associated with major changes in urbanization or ethnicity. There was a non-significant trend of increased diversity with urbanization, with a few taxa found overrepresented in urban Amerindians (Brevibacterium linens and Peptoniphilus lacrimalis) or mestizos (Mobiluncus mulieris and Prevotella sp.). Among all women, cervicovaginal and introital samples clustered, respectively, in four and two community state types (CSTs), where most profiles were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis or were highly diverse profiles. HPV status did not associate with microbial diversity. In conclusion, no association was found between urban level and the vaginal microbiome in Amerindian women, and little difference was found between ethnicities. L. iners and high diversity profiles, associated with vaginal health outcomes, prevail in these populations.
Topics: Biodiversity; Cervix Uteri; Cluster Analysis; Female; Geography; Humans; Microbiota; Papillomavirus Infections; Urbanization; Vagina; Venezuela; American Indian or Alaska Native
PubMed: 32719372
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69111-x -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection and has been associated with increased risk for a wide array of health issues. BV is linked with a variety of...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection and has been associated with increased risk for a wide array of health issues. BV is linked with a variety of heterogeneous pathogenic anaerobic bacteria, among which is strongly associated with BV diagnosis. However, their genetic features, pathogenicity, interspecific diversity, and evolutionary characters have not been illustrated at genomic level. The current study performed phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses of . Phylogenomic analyses revealed remarkable phylogenetic distinctions among different species. Compared with had a larger genome and pangenome size with more insertion sequences but less CRISPR-Cas systems. In addition, these two species were diverse in profile of virulence factors, but harbored similar antibiotic resistance genes. Statistically different functional genome profiles between strains from the two species were determined, as well as correlations of some functional genes/pathways with putative pathogenicity. We also showed that high levels of horizontal gene transfer might be an important strategy for species diversification and pathogenicity. Collectively, this study provides the first genome sequence level description of , and may shed light on its virulence/pathogenicity, functional diversification, and evolutionary dynamics. Our study could facilitate the further investigations of this important pathogen, and might improve the future treatment of BV.
PubMed: 35865929
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939406 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The cervicovaginal microbiome plays an important role in protecting women from dysbiosis and infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In healthy reproductive-age...
The cervicovaginal microbiome plays an important role in protecting women from dysbiosis and infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In healthy reproductive-age women the cervicovaginal microbiome is predominantly colonized by protective spp. The loss of these protective bacteria leads to colonization of the cervicovaginal microenvironment by pathogenic microorganisms resulting in dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). and sp. are two of the many anaerobes that can contribute to BV, a condition associated with multiple adverse obstetric and gynecological outcomes. has been linked to high Nugent scores (relating to BV morphotypes) and preterm birth (PTB), whilst some bacterial members of the family are highly prevalent in BV, and identified in ~85-95% of cases. The functional impact of and sp. in BV is still poorly understood. To determine the individual immunometabolic contributions of sp. and within the cervicovaginal microenvironment, we utilized our well-characterized human three-dimensional (3-D) cervical epithelial cell model in combination with multiplex immunoassays and global untargeted metabolomics approaches to identify key immune mediators and metabolites related to and sp. infections. We found that infection with significantly elevated multiple proinflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1) and altered metabolites related to energy metabolism (nicotinamide and succinate) and oxidative stress (cysteinylglycine, cysteinylglycine disulfide and 2-hydroxygluatrate). sp. infection significantly elevated multiple sphingolipids and glycerolipids related to epithelial barrier function, and biogenic amines (putrescine and cadaverine) associated with elevated vaginal pH, vaginal amine odor and vaginal discharge. Our study elucidated that elevated multiple proinflammatory markers relating to PTB and STI acquisition, as well as altered energy metabolism and oxidative stress, whilst sp. upregulated multiple biogenic amines associated with the clinical diagnostic criteria of BV. Future studies are needed to evaluate how these bacteria interact with other BV-associated bacteria within the cervicovaginal microenvironment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbiota; Mobiluncus; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 35004344
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.759697 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section D,... Nov 2023Cell-surface proteins known as adhesins enable bacteria to colonize particular environments, and in Gram-positive bacteria often contain autocatalytically formed...
Cell-surface proteins known as adhesins enable bacteria to colonize particular environments, and in Gram-positive bacteria often contain autocatalytically formed covalent intramolecular cross-links. While investigating the prevalence of such cross-links, a remarkable example was discovered in Mobiluncus mulieris, a pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis. This organism encodes a putative adhesin of 7651 residues. Crystallography and mass spectrometry of two selected domains, and AlphaFold structure prediction of the remainder of the protein, were used to show that this adhesin belongs to the family of thioester, isopeptide and ester-bond-containing proteins (TIE proteins). It has an N-terminal domain homologous to thioester adhesion domains, followed by 51 immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains containing ester- or isopeptide-bond cross-links. The energetic cost to the M. mulieris bacterium in retaining such a large adhesin as a single gene or protein construct suggests a critical role in pathogenicity and/or persistence.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mobiluncus; Adhesins, Bacterial; Esters
PubMed: 37860959
DOI: 10.1107/S2059798323007507 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital tract infection in women during their reproductive years and it has been associated with serious health... (Review)
Review
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital tract infection in women during their reproductive years and it has been associated with serious health complications, such as preterm delivery and acquisition or transmission of several sexually transmitted agents. BV is characterized by a reduction of beneficial lactobacilli and a significant increase in number of anaerobic bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp., Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp.. Being polymicrobial in nature, BV etiology remains unclear. However, it is certain that BV involves the presence of a thick vaginal multi-species biofilm, where G. vaginalis is the predominant species. Similar to what happens in many other biofilm-related infections, standard antibiotics, like metronidazole, are unable to fully eradicate the vaginal biofilm, which can explain the high recurrence rates of BV. Furthermore, antibiotic therapy can also cause a negative impact on the healthy vaginal microflora. These issues sparked the interest in developing alternative therapeutic strategies. This review provides a quick synopsis of the currently approved and available antibiotics for BV treatment while presenting an overview of novel strategies that are being explored for the treatment of this disorder, with special focus on natural compounds that are able to overcome biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 26834706
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01528 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Thyroid disease has been reported to associate with gut microbiota, but the effects of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules on the oral microbiota are still largely...
OBJECTIVE
Thyroid disease has been reported to associate with gut microbiota, but the effects of thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules on the oral microbiota are still largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the variation in salivary microbiota and their potential association with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
METHODS
We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the salivary microbiota of thyroid cancer patients (n = 14), thyroid nodules patients (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15).
RESULTS
The alpha-diversity indices Chao1 and ACE were found to be relatively higher in patients with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules compared to healthy controls. The beta diversity in both the thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules groups was divergent from the healthy control group. The genera Alloprevotella, Anaeroglobus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Bacteroidales, and unclassified Cyanobacteriales were significantly enriched in the thyroid cancer group compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, the microbiome of the healthy controls was mainly composed of the genera Haemophilus, Lautropia, Allorhizobium Neorhizobium Pararhizobium Rhizobium, Escherichia Shigella, and unclassified Rhodobacteraceae. The thyroid nodules group was dominated by genre uncultured Candidatus Saccharibacteria bacterium, unclassified Clostridiales bacterium feline oral taxon 148, Treponema, unclassified Prevotellaceae, Mobiluncus, and Acholeplasma. In contrast, the genera unclassified Rhodobacteraceae and Aggregatibacter dominated the healthy control group. The study also found that clinical indicators were correlated with the saliva microbiome.
CONCLUSION
The salivary microbiota variation may be connected with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule
PubMed: 36034695
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989188 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 1992The clinical significance, Gram stain reaction, and genus affiliation of Gardnerella vaginalis have been controversial since Gardner and Dukes described the organism as... (Review)
Review
The clinical significance, Gram stain reaction, and genus affiliation of Gardnerella vaginalis have been controversial since Gardner and Dukes described the organism as the cause of "nonspecific vaginitis," a common disease of women which is now called bacterial vaginosis. The organism was named G. vaginalis when taxonomic studies showed that it was unrelated to bacteria in various genera including Haemophilus and Corynebacterium. Electron microscopy and chemical analyses have elucidated the organism's gram-variable reaction. Controversy over the etiology of bacterial vaginosis was largely resolved by (i) studies using improved media and methods for the isolation and identification of bacteria in vaginal fluids and (ii) standardization of criteria for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Besides G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma hominis, and certain obligate anaerobes are now acknowledged as participants in bacterial vaginosis. The finding that G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., and M. hominis inhabit the rectum indicates a potential source of autoinfection in addition to sexual transmission. Extravaginal infections with G. vaginalis are increasingly recognized, especially when the toxic anticoagulant polyanetholesulfonate is omitted from blood cultures and when urine cultures are incubated anaerobically for 48 h. The finding that mares harbor G. vaginalis suggests that an equine model can be developed for studies of Gardnerella pathogenesis.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 1498765
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.5.3.213 -
Genitourinary Medicine Feb 1991The microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by Mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually...
The microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by Mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Women positive for Trichomonas vaginalis were excluded. Mobiluncus spp. were detected by Gram stained vaginal smear in 21% of 633 STD clinic patients, including 53% of those with and 4% of those without bacterial vaginosis (BV), as diagnosed by clinical criteria. Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis detected by vaginal culture and Mobiluncus detected by vaginal Gram stain were each independently associated with BV after adjusting by logistic regression for the presence of sexually transmitted disease pathogens, gravidity, parity and number of lifetime sexual partners (p less than 0.001 for each organism). Bacterial vaginosis was negatively correlated with isolation of lactobacilli, yeast and herpes simplex virus. After adjusting for presence or absence of BV, women with Mobiluncus were more likely to harbour G vaginalis (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6-19.5), M hominis (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-7.0) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-6.0) and less likely to harbour vaginal yeast (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0); were more likely to be black (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5-4.6), and to have been pregnant (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1); but after the adjustment for BV, vaginal colonisation by Mobiluncus was not associated with symptoms of odour, abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, or with adnexal tenderness. In summary, Mobiluncus, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis were independently associated with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and Mobiluncus was further associated with the presence of BV-associated microorganisms (M hominis and G vaginalis), N gonorrhoeae, black race, and gravidity.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cohort Studies; Ecology; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Gonorrhea; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Superinfection; Trichomonas vaginalis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 1916772
DOI: 10.1136/sti.67.1.26 -
International Journal of Experimental... Aug 1993Mobiluncus curtisii and M. mulieris are anaerobic curved rods commonly isolated, together with other bacteria, from the vagina of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). We...
Mobiluncus curtisii and M. mulieris are anaerobic curved rods commonly isolated, together with other bacteria, from the vagina of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). We have shown that of 11 strains of M. curtisii and four strains of M. mulieris examined, each produced a cytotoxin after growth in three types of liquid media. The toxin present in supernatant fluids after centrifugation of Mobiluncus cultures was active against Vero cells and four other cell lines tested, producing a marked cytopathic effect with destruction within 72 hours. The supernatant fluids could be diluted no more than 8 to 16-fold before toxic activity was lost. In bovine oviduct organ cultures, the supernatant fluids from cultures of eight M. curtisii and two M. mulieris strains that were tested caused loss of ciliary vigour which was usually complete after 60 hours. In addition, there was raggedness of the epithelial cell border with detachment of cells seen histologically and loss of cilia together with bloating and loss of ciliated cells observed by scanning electron microscopy. The toxin was extracellular, relatively thermostable (surviving heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min but not boiling for 20 min) and was inactivated under extremes of pH (pH 9 and pH 3). The existence of the toxin means that the Mobiluncus spp could have an active role in the development of BV.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cilia; Cytotoxins; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Organ Culture Techniques; Time Factors; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 8398808
DOI: No ID Found