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Sexually Transmitted Diseases Jun 2008
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Mobiluncus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Secondary Prevention; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 18418301
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318167b105 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Sep 2020Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with specific lesional dysbiotic features. We studied the microbiome of clinically... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The Surface Microbiome of Clinically Unaffected Skinfolds in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Culture-Based and 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing Study in 60 Patients.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with specific lesional dysbiotic features. We studied the microbiome of clinically unaffected typical HS sites (armpits, inguinal folds, and gluteal clefts) in 60 patients with HS and 17 healthy controls. A total of 192 samples obtained by swabbing were analyzed by bacterial cultures. Of these, 116 randomly selected samples were studied by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Patients and controls showed similar characteristics, except for smoking (87% vs. 6%, respectively). HS skinfolds were characterized by an increased abundance of anaerobes, predominantly Prevotella, but also Actinomyces, Campylobacter ureolyticus, and Mobiluncus, contrasting with a lower abundance of skin commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, a major component of the skin microbiome; Kocuria; and Micrococcus luteus. The following three independent factors were associated with an abundance of high anaerobes by multivariate analysis: samples originating from patients with HS patients (P = 2.1 × 10); body mass index (P = 5 × 10); and the sampling site, the gluteal cleft being the most anaerobic area, followed by inguinal folds and axilla (P = 3 × 10). The microbiome of clinically unaffected HS skinfolds is reminiscent, albeit to a minor extent, of the microbiome of chronic suppurative HS lesions and may fuel inflammation at a preclinical stage of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 32339539
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.046 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 1989The in vitro antibacterial activity of the antifungal compound fenticonazole was compared with those of clotrimazole, miconazole, tetracycline, and metronidazole against... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparison of the in vitro activities of fenticonazole, other imidazoles, metronidazole, and tetracycline against organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and skin infections.
The in vitro antibacterial activity of the antifungal compound fenticonazole was compared with those of clotrimazole, miconazole, tetracycline, and metronidazole against 177 strains of bacterial species associated with either bacterial vaginosis (BV) or skin infections by agar dilution MIC determinations. BV-associated Bacteroides isolates of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus-B. oralis group, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., and anaerobic, gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to fenticonazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole; but Bacteroides spp. not associated with BV, Bacteroides ureolyticus and the Bacteroides fragilis group, were resistant. All Bacteroides strains were susceptible to metronidazole, but the susceptibility of G. vaginalis and Mobiluncus spp. varied. Among the skin bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, coryneforms, and streptococci were highly susceptible to the imidazoles; but Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were generally resistant. This antibacterial activity may give fenticonazole a useful role in the topical treatment of vaginal discharge and in mycotic skin infections that are superinfected with bacteria.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Vaginal Diseases
PubMed: 2764547
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.33.6.970 -
Journal of the National Medical... Mar 2003Black women are more likely to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) than are non-Hispanic white women. We examined whether this disparity can be explained by racial differences... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Black women are more likely to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) than are non-Hispanic white women. We examined whether this disparity can be explained by racial differences in known BV risk factors.
METHODS
Nine hundred black and 235 white women were enrolled from five US sites. At baseline, structured interviews were conducted and vaginal swabs self-collected for Gram-stain and culture.
RESULTS
Black women were more likely than white women to have BV/intermediate vaginal flora. They also were more likely to be older, have lower educational attainment and family incomes, have a history of a sexually transmitted disease, and douche. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, blacks remained at elevated risk for BV/intermediate flora (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.1). Blacks also were more likely to have specific BV-related vaginal microflora, as well as gonococcal or chlamydial cervicitis (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.8) after adjustment for known BV risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Risk factor differences did not explain the observed racial disparity in the occurrence of BV, BV-related microflora, or gonococcal or chlamydial cervicitis. These findings highlight our limited understanding of the factors accounting for the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis among black and white women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Cervix Uteri; Chlamydia trachomatis; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Mobiluncus; Mycoplasma hominis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Socioeconomic Factors; Therapeutic Irrigation; United States; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial; White People
PubMed: 12749680
DOI: No ID Found -
PeerJ 2020Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infections worldwide. It is associated with the presence of a dense polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infections worldwide. It is associated with the presence of a dense polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium, formed mainly by species. The biofilm also contains other anaerobic species, but little is known about their role in BV development.
AIM
To evaluate the influence of different culture media on the planktonic and biofilm growth of six cultivable anaerobes frequently associated with BV, namely sp., , , , and .
METHODS
A total of nine different culture media compositions, including commercially available and chemically defined media simulating genital tract secretions, were tested in this study. Planktonic cultures and biofilms were grown under anaerobic conditions (10% carbon dioxide, 10% helium and 80% nitrogen). Planktonic growth was assessed by optical density measurements, and biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining.
RESULTS
Significant planktonic growth was observed for sp., and in New York City III broth, with or without ascorbic acid supplementation. Biofilm quantification showed high in vitro biofilm growth for sp., and in almost all culture media excluding Brucella broth. Contrary, only New York City III broth was able to promote biofilm formation for , and .
CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate that New York City III broth relative to the other tested media is the most conducive for future studies addressing polymicrobial biofilms development as this culture medium allowed the formation of significant levels of single-species biofilms.
PubMed: 32974104
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9917 -
Genitourinary Medicine Apr 1989The influence of six succinate producing vaginal anaerobes and Gardnerella vaginalis on the chemotactic activity of granulocytes was studied by the under agarose method....
The influence of six succinate producing vaginal anaerobes and Gardnerella vaginalis on the chemotactic activity of granulocytes was studied by the under agarose method. G vaginalis, Mobiluncus species, and three Gram negative anaerobes elicited hardly any response, but Peptostreptococcus productus showed clear positive chemotaxis, as did the Escherichia coli strain used as a control. Inhibition of the chemotactic response of white blood cells was found with all strains, but the high succinate producers from the genus Bacteroides showed the most pronounced effect. The inhibition of chemotaxis by succinate producing anaerobes in the pathogenesis of non-specific vaginitis (NSV) is postulated, and B ureolyticus or Mobiluncus spp, rather than G vaginalis, are suggested as possible causes of NSV.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Granulocytes; Haemophilus; Humans; Succinates; Vagina; Vaginitis
PubMed: 2787775
DOI: 10.1136/sti.65.2.109 -
Genitourinary Medicine Dec 1989Seven hundred and ninety three women were investigated, aged between 16 and 78 years, to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and some associated...
Seven hundred and ninety three women were investigated, aged between 16 and 78 years, to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and some associated micro-organisms, and to discuss the significance of laboratory indices correlated to this pathology. BV was diagnosed on the basis of four distinct criteria: a positive result of the test for amines with 10% KOH (odour-test), the presence of clue cells on fresh microscopic examination, a pH greater than 4.5 and direct Gram stain positive (the presence of more than 40 Gram negative or Gram variable coccobacilli per microscopic field by 1000 magnifications under oil immersion). The total prevalence of BV was 20.5% (163); similar percentages were found in both fertile and pregnant women, whereas a lower percentage (12.7%) was found in menopausal women. Gardnerella vaginalis was present in 235 (29.6%) of the 793 women, in 144 (88.3%) of the 163 with BV and in 91 (14.4%) of the 630 women without BV. Mobiluncus species was present in 8.2% (65) of the total population, in 38.6% (63) of the women with BV and only in two (0.3%) of the women without BV. In the women with BV lower percentages were found for Trichomonas vaginalis, yeasts, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The absence of a definite relationship between BV and cultural isolation of G vaginalis is confirmed whereas the role played by Mobiluncus spp still has to be clarified. It is concluded that it is not necessary to screen with all four laboratory indices. Two positive indices from a panel of three (excluding pH greater than 4.5 and direct Gram stain positive in the same panel) allows the correct diagnosis of BV in almost all cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Aged; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Odorants; Pregnancy; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases
PubMed: 2515148
DOI: 10.1136/sti.65.6.382 -
Women's Health (London, England) Mar 2006Bacterial vaginosis accounts for the majority of cases of vaginal discharge and has been consistently linked to an increased risk of preterm delivery. Bacterial...
Bacterial vaginosis accounts for the majority of cases of vaginal discharge and has been consistently linked to an increased risk of preterm delivery. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by the reduced number or absence of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus spp., which promotes the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Bacteroides spp., and Mobiluncus spp. Black race, higher-risk sexual activity, frequent vaginal douching and the substantial reduction of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus spp. are the main predictors of bacterial vaginosis development. Clinical- and laboratory-based bacterial vaginosis diagnostic tests are widely used to screen for bacterial vaginosis but, more recently, office-based bacterial vaginosis screening tools have been developed. Although systemic treatment for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole or clindamycin has been demonstrated to be effective in the short-term cure of bacterial vaginosis, recurrence of bacterial vaginosis within 3 months of treatment is common, and treatment for bacterial vaginosis using these strategies has not been effective in reducing the risk of preterm delivery.
PubMed: 19803898
DOI: 10.2217/17455057.2.2.267 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2008Transport media should preserve the viability and stability of microorganisms in clinical specimens. In this study, the Port-A-Cul transport system and the Copan...
Transport media should preserve the viability and stability of microorganisms in clinical specimens. In this study, the Port-A-Cul transport system and the Copan transport system without charcoal, both designed to preserve anaerobes, were evaluated. Dacron swabs were inoculated with two combinations of facultative and anaerobic organisms typically found in vaginal swab samples. Combination I contained Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., group B streptococci, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Combination II contained Lactobacillus iners, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Mycoplasma hominis, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella corporis, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Mobiluncus curtisii, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Gardnerella vaginalis. Duplicate swabs were placed into the two transporters and held for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h at 4 and 24 degrees C. Both transporters maintained the viability of organisms better at 4 degrees C than at 24 degrees C. Prevotella bivia and Prevotella corporis had a loss of viability in both transporters at both temperatures. However, at 24 degrees C, there was a significantly greater loss of viability for Mycoplasma hominis, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella corporis, and Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus when the organisms were stored in Copan transport medium than when they were stored in Port-A-Cul transport medium for 96 h (P < 0.002). Some organisms proliferated in the transport media, but when transporters were held at 24 degrees C for 96 h, a significantly greater increase in the concentrations of group B streptococci and Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. organisms in Copan medium than in Port-A-Cul medium was observed (P < 0.002). At room temperature, the Port-A-Cul system is superior to the Copan system with respect to the preservation of fastidious microorganisms and the prevention of the proliferation of facultative organisms.
Topics: Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Colony Count, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Viability; Specimen Handling; Temperature; Time Factors
PubMed: 18579722
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00161-08 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2015Sucrose gel was used to treat bacterial vaginosis in a phase III clinical trial. However, the changes of vaginal flora after treatment were only examined by Nugent score...
OBJECTIVES
Sucrose gel was used to treat bacterial vaginosis in a phase III clinical trial. However, the changes of vaginal flora after treatment were only examined by Nugent score in that clinical trial, While the vaginal microbiota of rhesus macaques is characterized by anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, few lactobacilli, and pH levels above 4.6, similar to the microbiota of patients with bacterial vaginosis. This study is aimed to investigate the change of the vaginal microbiota of rehsus macaques after topical use of sucrose gel to reveal more precisely the bacterial population shift after the topical application of sucrose gel.
METHODS
Sixteen rhesus macaques were treated with 0.5 g sucrose gel vaginally and three with 0.5 g of placebo gel. Vaginal swabs were collected daily following treatment. Vaginal pH levels and Nugent scores were recorded. The composition of the vaginal micotbiota was tested by V3∼V4 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing. Dynamic changes in the Lactobacillus genus were analyzed by qPCR.
RESULTS
The vaginal microbiota of rhesus macaques are dominated by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, with few lactobacilli and high pH levels above 4.6. After five days' treatment with topical sucrose gel, the component percentage of Lactobacillus in vaginal microbiota increased from 1.31% to 81.59%, while the component percentage of Porphyromonas decreased from 18.60% to 0.43%, Sneathia decreased from 15.09% to 0.89%, Mobiluncus decreased from 8.23% to 0.12%, etc.. The average vaginal pH values of 16 rhesus macaques of the sucrose gel group decreased from 5.4 to 3.89. There were no significant changes in microbiota and vaginal pH observed in the placebo group.
CONCLUSIONS
Rhesus macaques can be used as animal models of bacterial vaginosis to develop drugs and test treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the topical application of sucrose gel induced the shifting of vaginal flora of rhesus macaques from a BV kind of flora to a lactobacilli-dominating flora.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Lactobacillus; Macaca mulatta; Microbiota; Sucrose; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 25546169
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.040