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Physiological Measurement May 2018Physiological, behavioral, and psychological changes associated with neuropsychiatric illness are reflected in several related signals, including actigraphy, location,... (Review)
Review
Physiological, behavioral, and psychological changes associated with neuropsychiatric illness are reflected in several related signals, including actigraphy, location, word sentiment, voice tone, social activity, heart rate, and responses to standardized questionnaires. These signals can be passively monitored using sensors in smartphones, wearable accelerometers, Holter monitors, and multimodal sensing approaches that fuse multiple data types. Connection of these devices to the internet has made large scale studies feasible and is enabling a revolution in neuropsychiatric monitoring. Currently, evaluation and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders relies on clinical visits, which are infrequent and out of the context of a patient's home environment. Moreover, the demand for clinical care far exceeds the supply of providers. The growing prevalence of context-aware and physiologically relevant digital sensors in consumer technology could help address these challenges, enable objective indexing of patient severity, and inform rapid adjustment of treatment in real-time. Here we review recent studies utilizing such sensors in the context of neuropsychiatric illnesses including stress and depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post traumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Behavior; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Humans; Mental Disorders; Monitoring, Physiologic; Smartphone; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 29671754
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aabf64 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2018Dielectrophoresis using multi-electrode arrays allows a non-invasive interface with biological cells for long-term monitoring of electrophysiological parameters as well...
Dielectrophoresis using multi-electrode arrays allows a non-invasive interface with biological cells for long-term monitoring of electrophysiological parameters as well as a label-free and non-destructive technique for neuronal cell manipulation. However, experiments for neuronal cell manipulation utilizing dielectrophoresis have been constrained because dielectrophoresis devices generally function outside of the controlled environment (i.e. incubator) during the cell manipulation process, which is problematic because neurons are highly susceptible to the properties of the physiochemical environment. Furthermore, the conventional multi-electrode arrays designed to generate dielectrophoretic force are often fabricated with non-transparent materials that confound live-cell imaging. Here we present an advanced single-neuronal cell culture and monitoring platform using a fully transparent microfluidic dielectrophoresis device for the unabated monitoring of neuronal cell development and function. The device is mounted inside a sealed incubation chamber to ensure improved homeostatic conditions and reduced contamination risk. Consequently, we successfully trap and culture single neurons on a desired location and monitor their growth process over a week. The proposed single-neuronal cell culture and monitoring platform not only has significant potential to realize an in vitro ordered neuronal network, but also offers a useful tool for a wide range of neurological research and electrophysiological studies of neuronal networks.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Equipment Design; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Neurons; Optical Imaging; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 30181589
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31576-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Cardiac implantable electronic devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators are increasingly monitored by systems transmitting information directly from the patient to... (Review)
Review
Cardiac implantable electronic devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators are increasingly monitored by systems transmitting information directly from the patient to the hospital. This may increase safety and patient satisfaction and also under certain circumstances represent an economic advantage. The review summarizes some of the recent research in the field of remote monitoring of cardiac devices.
Topics: Defibrillators, Implantable; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pacemaker, Artificial; Patient Satisfaction; Remote Sensing Technology
PubMed: 35010572
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010312 -
Pulmonology 2020This review introduces the reader to the available technologies in the field of telemonitoring, with focus on respiratory patients. In the materials and methods section,... (Review)
Review
This review introduces the reader to the available technologies in the field of telemonitoring, with focus on respiratory patients. In the materials and methods section, a general structure of telemonitoring systems for respiratory patients is presented and the sensors of interest are illustrated, i.e., respiratory monitors (wearable and non-wearable), activity trackers, pulse oximeters, environmental monitors and other sensors of physiological variables. Afterwards, the most common communication protocols are briefly introduced. In the results section, selected clinical studies that prove the significance of the presented parameters in chronic respiratory diseases are presented. This is followed by a discussion on the main current issues in telemedicine, in particular legal aspects, data privacy and benefits both in economic and health terms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Communication; Confidentiality; Environmental Monitoring; Fitness Trackers; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oximetry; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Technology; Telemedicine; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 31932232
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.11.006 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jan 2022Flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) have demonstrated great potential in wearable self-powered health monitoring devices. However, the existing wearable f-TEGs...
Flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) have demonstrated great potential in wearable self-powered health monitoring devices. However, the existing wearable f-TEGs are neither flexible enough to bend and stretch while maintaining the device's integrity with a good TE performance nor directly compatible with clothes materials. Here, ultraflexible fabric-based thermoelectric generators (uf-TEGs) are proposed with conductive cloth electrodes and elastic fabric substrate. The patterned elastic fabric substrate fits the rigid cuboids well, together with serpentine structured cloth electrodes, rendering uf-TEG with excellent integrity and flexibility, thereby achieving a highly functional TE performance when strain reaches 30% or on arbitrarily shaped heat sources. The uf-TEGs show a large peak power of 64.10 μW for a temperature difference of 33.24 K with a high voltage output of 111.49 mV, which is superior compared to previously reported fabric-based TEG devices, and it is still functional after the water immersion test. Besides the energy harvesting function, with both the temperature sensing ability and the touch perception, this uf-TEG is demonstrated as the electrical skin when mounted on a robot. Moreover, due to the wind-sensitive performance and self-power ability, the uf-TEGs are assembled on cloth as wearable health and motion monitoring devices.
Topics: Electric Conductivity; Electric Power Supplies; Electronics; Equipment Design; Hot Temperature; Monitoring, Physiologic; Textiles; Thermosensing; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 34741444
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103574 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020The advanced and performing technologies of glucose monitoring systems provide a large amount of glucose data that needs to be properly read and interpreted by the... (Review)
Review
The advanced and performing technologies of glucose monitoring systems provide a large amount of glucose data that needs to be properly read and interpreted by the diabetology team in order to make therapeutic decisions as close as possible to the patient's metabolic needs. For this purpose, new parameters have been developed, to allow a more integrated reading and interpretation of data by clinical professionals. The new challenge for the diabetes community consists of promoting an integrated and homogeneous reading, as well as interpretation of glucose monitoring data also by the patient himself. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the glycemic status assessment, opened by the current data management provided by latest glucose monitoring technologies. Furthermore, the applicability and personalization of the different glycemic monitoring devices used in specific insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patient populations will be evaluated.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Equipment and Supplies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Infusion Systems; Inventions
PubMed: 33153229
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218243 -
Nature Communications Apr 2021Energy autonomy and conformability are essential elements in the next generation of wearable and flexible electronics for healthcare, robotics and cyber-physical...
Energy autonomy and conformability are essential elements in the next generation of wearable and flexible electronics for healthcare, robotics and cyber-physical systems. This study presents ferroelectric polymer transducers and organic diodes for imperceptible sensing and energy harvesting systems, which are integrated on ultrathin (1-µm) substrates, thus imparting them with excellent flexibility. Simulations show that the sensitivity of ultraflexible ferroelectric polymer transducers is strongly enhanced by using an ultrathin substrate, which allows the mounting on 3D-shaped objects and the stacking in multiple layers. Indeed, ultraflexible ferroelectric polymer transducers have improved sensitivity to strain and pressure, fast response and excellent mechanical stability, thus forming imperceptible wireless e-health patches for precise pulse and blood pressure monitoring. For harvesting biomechanical energy, the transducers are combined with rectifiers based on ultraflexible organic diodes thus comprising an imperceptible, 2.5-µm thin, energy harvesting device with an excellent peak power density of 3 mW·cm.
Topics: Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biosensing Techniques; Electronics, Medical; Humans; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems; Monitoring, Physiologic; Reproducibility of Results; Robotics; Transducers; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 33893292
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22663-6 -
Drug Safety Jan 2017Recent safety issues involving non-active implantable medical devices (NAIMDs) have highlighted the need for better pre-market and post-market evaluation. Some... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Recent safety issues involving non-active implantable medical devices (NAIMDs) have highlighted the need for better pre-market and post-market evaluation. Some stakeholders have argued that certain features of medicine safety evaluation should also be applied to medical devices. Our objectives were to compare the current processes and methodologies for the assessment of NAIMD safety profiles with those for medicines, identify potential gaps, and make recommendations for the adoption of new methodologies for the ongoing benefit-risk monitoring of these devices throughout their entire life cycle. A literature review served to examine the current tools for the safety evaluation of NAIMDs and those for medicines. We searched MEDLINE using these two categories. We supplemented this search with Google searches using the same key terms used in the MEDLINE search. Using a comparative approach, we summarized the new product design, development cycle (preclinical and clinical phases), and post-market phases for NAIMDs and drugs. We also evaluated and compared the respective processes to integrate and assess safety data during the life cycle of the products, including signal detection, signal management, and subsequent potential regulatory actions. The search identified a gap in NAIMD safety signal generation: no global program exists that collects and analyzes adverse events and product quality issues. Data sources in real-world settings, such as electronic health records, need to be effectively identified and explored as additional sources of safety information, particularly in some areas such as the EU and USA where there are plans to implement the unique device identifier (UDI). The UDI and other initiatives will enable more robust follow-up and assessment of long-term patient outcomes. The safety evaluation system for NAIMDs differs in many ways from those for drugs, but both systems face analogous challenges with respect to monitoring real-world usage. Certain features of the drug safety evaluation process could, if adopted and adapted for NAIMDs, lead to better and more systematic evaluations of the latter.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Equipment Safety; Equipment and Supplies; European Union; Humans; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Risk Assessment; United States
PubMed: 27928726
DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0474-1 -
Science Advances May 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a global autoimmune disease that requires long-term management. Ambulatory monitoring and treatment of RA favors remission and...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a global autoimmune disease that requires long-term management. Ambulatory monitoring and treatment of RA favors remission and rehabilitation. Here, we developed a wearable reconfigurable integrated smart device (ISD) for real-time inflammatory monitoring and synergistic therapy of RA. The device establishes an electrical-coupling and substance delivery interfaces with the skin through template-free conductive polymer microneedles that exhibit high capacitance, low impedance, and appropriate mechanical properties. The reconfigurable electronics drive the microneedle-skin interfaces to monitor tissue impedance and on-demand drug delivery. Studies in vitro demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of electrical stimulation on macrophages and revealed the molecular mechanism. In a rodent model, impedance sensing was validated to hint inflammation condition and facilitate diagnosis through machine learning model. The outcome of subsequent synergistic therapy showed notable relief of symptoms, elimination of synovial inflammation, and avoidance of bone destruction.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Animals; Rats; Humans; Wearable Electronic Devices; Mice; Drug Delivery Systems; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38691605
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0604 -
Journal of the American College of... Mar 2018Medical devices have been targets of hacking for over a decade, and this cybersecurity issue has affected many types of medical devices. Lately, the potential for... (Review)
Review
Medical devices have been targets of hacking for over a decade, and this cybersecurity issue has affected many types of medical devices. Lately, the potential for hacking of cardiac devices (pacemakers and defibrillators) claimed the attention of the media, patients, and health care providers. This is a burgeoning problem that our newly electronically connected world faces. In this paper from the Electrophysiology Section Council, we briefly discuss various aspects of this relatively new threat in light of recent incidents involving the potential for hacking of cardiac devices. We explore the possible risks for the patients and the effect of device reconfiguration in an attempt to thwart cybersecurity threats. We provide an outline of what can be done to improve cybersecurity from the standpoint of the manufacturer, government, professional societies, physician, and patient.
Topics: Computer Security; Defibrillators, Implantable; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Humans; Pacemaker, Artificial
PubMed: 29475627
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.023