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Cureus Aug 2022Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the symptoms of BD. One of the main goals was to identify if patients with BD believe that yoga is a viable treatment option. Six research databases were searched using the keywords "yoga" AND "therapy" AND "BD" AND "bipolar depression." Articles published in 2005 and later were included in the search. After duplicates were removed, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, five articles were analyzed and included in this literature review. Results of this review indicate that yoga has been shown to be associated with both benefits and risks for the treatment of BD. Studies have shown that yoga might relieve some symptoms of BD and depression. However, due to the lack of research on the impact of yoga on BD and the small number of studies included in this review, results should be approached with caution. Overall, yoga was well-tolerated in the studies reviewed in this article. Yoga may relieve the symptoms of depression. Future research should analyze the long-term impact of yoga on bipolar depression. Yoga instructional standards should also be considered.
PubMed: 36072189
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27688 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023Asthma encompasses of respiratory symptoms that occur intermittently and with varying intensity accompanied by reversible expiratory airflow limitation. In acute... (Review)
Review
Asthma encompasses of respiratory symptoms that occur intermittently and with varying intensity accompanied by reversible expiratory airflow limitation. In acute exacerbations, it can be life-threatening due to its impact on ventilatory mechanics. Moreover, asthma has significant effects on the cardiovascular system, primarily through heart-lung interaction-based mechanisms. Dynamic hyperinflation and increased work of breathing caused by a sharp drop in pleural pressure, can affect cardiac function and cardiac output through different mechanisms. These mechanisms include an abrupt increase in venous return, elevated right ventricular afterload and interdependence between the left and right ventricle. Additionally, Pulsus paradoxus, which reflects the maximum consequences of this heart lung interaction when intrathoracic pressure swings are exaggerated, may serve as a convenient bedside tool to assess the severity of acute asthma acute exacerbation and its response to therapy.
PubMed: 37781226
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1232345 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Aug 2007Bipolar disorder, with mood swings between depression and mania, may affect up to 1.5% of adults, and increases the risk of suicide and disability. Most people improve... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Bipolar disorder, with mood swings between depression and mania, may affect up to 1.5% of adults, and increases the risk of suicide and disability. Most people improve over time, but two thirds may have residual dysfunction, and at least 40% may have recurrent episodes.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments in people with mania associated with bipolar disorder? What are the effects of treatments in bipolar depression? What are the effects of interventions to prevent relapse of mania or bipolar depression? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to July 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 60 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antidepressants, carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, clonazepam, cognitive therapy, education, family-focused psychoeducation, gabapentin, haloperidol, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, psychological treatments, quetiapine, risperidone, topiramate, valproate, and ziprasidone.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Risperidone; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19454110
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain and Behavior Nov 2023Mood swings have been observed in patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA), but it is still unknown whether mood swings can affect IA.
BACKGROUND
Mood swings have been observed in patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA), but it is still unknown whether mood swings can affect IA.
AIM
To explore the causal association between mood swings or experiencing mood swings and IA through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
METHODS
Summary-level statistics of mood swings, experiencing mood swings, IA, aneurysm-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and non-ruptured IA (uIA) were collected from the genome-wide association study. Two-sample MR and various sensitivity analyses were employed to explore the causal association between mood swings or experiencing mood swings and IA, or aSAH, or uIA. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary method.
RESULTS
Genetically determined mood swings (odds ratio [OR] = 5.23, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.65-16.64, p = .005) and experiencing mood swings (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.37-4.57, p = .003) were causally associated with an increased risk of IA. Mood swings (OR = 5.67, 95%CI: 1.40-23.04, p = .015) and experiencing mood swings were causally associated with the risk of aSAH (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.47-5.75, p = .002). Neither mood swings (OR = 1.95, 95%CI: .31-12.29, p = .478) nor experiencing mood swings (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: .48-3.03, p = .693) were associated with uIA.
CONCLUSIONS
Mood swings and experiencing mood swings increased the risk of IA and aSAH incidence. These results suggest that alleviating mood swings may reduce IA rupture incidence and aSAH incidence.
Topics: Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Intracranial Aneurysm; Risk Factors; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 37632147
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3233 -
Microbes and Infection Feb 2022Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that originated in higher plants with many diverse actions and is primarily an antioxidant. The recent identification and... (Review)
Review
Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that originated in higher plants with many diverse actions and is primarily an antioxidant. The recent identification and advancement of phytomelatonin unraveled the potential of this modulatory molecule being considered a new plant hormone, suggesting its relevance in treating respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Besides, this molecule is also involved in multiple hormonal, physiological, and biological processes at different levels of cell organization and has been marked for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and prominent antioxidant effects, reducing mitochondrial electron leakage, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes, acting as a free radical scavenger, and interfering with pro-inflammatory signaling pathways as seen in mood swings, body temperature, sleep, cancer, cardiac rhythms, and immunological regulation modulators. However, due to its diversity, availability, affordability, convenience, and high safety profile, phytomelatonin has also been suggested as a natural adjuvant. This review discussed the origin, content in various plant species, processes of extraction, and detection and therapeutic potentials of phytomelatonin in treating COVID-19-exposed individuals.
Topics: Antioxidants; COVID-19; Humans; Melatonin; Plant Growth Regulators; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34534695
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104886 -
BJPsych Open Apr 2024Many studies have found an association between mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis and adenomyosis. However, the cause-effect relationship remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Many studies have found an association between mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis and adenomyosis. However, the cause-effect relationship remains unclear.
AIMS
We conducted Mendelian randomisation analyses to evaluate any causal relationship between mood disorders and endometriosis as well as different sites of endometriosis.
METHOD
Summary-level statistics for mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis (8288 cases, 68 969 controls) in European populations were derived from large-scale data-sets of genome-wide association studies. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation was performed using the inverse-variance weighted and weight median methods. Further sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity, pleiotropy and leave-one-out analyses, were conducted to test the consistency of the results.
RESULTS
Genetically determined mood swings (odds ratio = 2.557, 95% CI: 1.192-5.483, = 0.016) and major depression (odds ratio = 1.233, 95% CI: 1.019-1.493, = 0.031) were causally associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Mood swings (odds ratio = 4.238, 95% CI: 1.194-15.048, = 0.025) and major depression (odds ratio = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.052-2.173, = 0.025) were also causally associated with the risk of adenomyosis. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that mood-disorder-related traits increase the risk of endometriosis and adenomyosis. This study provides new insights into the potential pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis, and highlights the importance of preventing endometriosis and adenomyosis in patients with mood-disorder-related traits.
PubMed: 38622955
DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.46 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by extreme mood swings ranging from manic/hypomanic to depressive episodes. The severity, duration, and frequency of these... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by extreme mood swings ranging from manic/hypomanic to depressive episodes. The severity, duration, and frequency of these episodes can vary widely between individuals, significantly impacting quality of life. Individuals with BD spend almost half their lives experiencing mood symptoms, especially depression, as well as associated clinical dimensions such as anhedonia, fatigue, suicidality, anxiety, and neurovegetative symptoms. Persistent mood symptoms have been associated with premature mortality, accelerated aging, and elevated prevalence of treatment-resistant depression. Recent efforts have expanded our understanding of the neurobiology of BD and the downstream targets that may help track clinical outcomes and drug development. However, as a polygenic disorder, the neurobiology of BD is complex and involves biological changes in several organelles and downstream targets (pre-, post-, and extra-synaptic), including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, altered monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems, lower neurotrophic factor levels, and changes in immune-inflammatory systems. The field has thus moved toward identifying more precise neurobiological targets that, in turn, may help develop personalized approaches and more reliable biomarkers for treatment prediction. Diverse pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting neurobiological pathways other than neurotransmission have also been tested in mood disorders. This article reviews different neurobiological targets and pathophysiological findings in non-canonical pathways in BD that may offer opportunities to support drug development and identify new, clinically relevant biological mechanisms. These include: neuroinflammation; mitochondrial function; calcium channels; oxidative stress; the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) pathway; protein kinase C (PKC); brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); histone deacetylase (HDAC); and the purinergic signaling pathway.
PubMed: 37592949
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228455 -
Cureus Oct 2023This conversation with ChatGPT explores the use of lithium in pregnancy for bipolar disorder, a topic of significant importance in psychiatry. Bipolar disorder is...
This conversation with ChatGPT explores the use of lithium in pregnancy for bipolar disorder, a topic of significant importance in psychiatry. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, and its prevalence varies globally. ChatGPT provides valuable information on bipolar disorder, its prevalence, age of onset, and gender differences. It also discusses the use of lithium during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for individualized decisions, close monitoring, and potential risks and benefits. However, it is essential to note that ChatGPT's responses lack specific references, raising concerns about the reliability of the information provided. Further research is needed to quantify the correctness and dependability of ChatGPT-generated answers in the healthcare context.
PubMed: 37933339
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46548 -
Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Oct 2022Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pervasive and devastating mental illness with high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. Understanding the genetic architecture...
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pervasive and devastating mental illness with high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. Understanding the genetic architecture of this comorbidity could be improved by focusing on intermediate traits that show positive genetic correlation with the disorders. Thus, we aimed to characterize the shared vs. unique polygenicity of AUD, alcohol consumption (AC) and mood instability (MOOD) -beyond genetic correlation, and boost discovery for jointly-associated loci. Summary statistics for MOOD (a binary measure of the tendency to report frequent mood swings), AC (number of standard drinks over a typical consumption week) and AUD GWASs (Ns > 200,000) were analyzed to characterize the cross-phenotype associations between MOOD and AC, MOOD and AUD and AC and AUD. To do so, we used a newly established pipeline that combines (i) the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) to quantify polygenic overlap and (ii) the conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) to discover specific jointly associated genomic loci, which were mapped to genes and biological functions. MOOD was highly polygenic (10.4k single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, SD = 2k) compared to AC (4.9k SNPs, SD = 0.6k) and AUD (4.3k SNPs, SD = 2k). The polygenic overlap of MOOD and AC was twice that of MOOD and AUD (98% vs. 49%), with opposite genetic correlation (-0.2 vs. 0.23), as confirmed in independent samples. MOOD&AUD associated SNPs were significantly enriched for brain genes, conversely to MOOD&AC. Among 38 jointly associated loci, fifteen were novel for MOOD, AC and AUD. MOOD, AC and AUD were also strongly associated at the phenotypic level. Overall, using multilevel polygenic quantification, joint loci discovery and functional annotation methods, we evidenced that the polygenic overlap between MOOD and AC/AUD implicated partly shared biological underpinnings, yet, clearly distinct functional patterns between MOOD&AC and MOOD&AUD, suggesting new mechanisms for the comorbidity of AUD with mood disorders.
Topics: Alcoholism; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Multifactorial Inheritance; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 35953530
DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01401-6 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by intensive mood fluctuations. While hormones imbalance plays important role in the mood swings, it is unknown whether peripheral...
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by intensive mood fluctuations. While hormones imbalance plays important role in the mood swings, it is unknown whether peripheral hormones profiles could differentiate the manic and depressive mood episodes in BD. In this study, we investigated the changes of various hormones and inflammatory markers across distinct mood episodes of BD in a large clinical study to provide mood episode-specific peripheral biomarkers for BD.
METHODS
A total of 8332 BD patients (n = 2679 depressive episode; n = 5653 manic episode) were included. All patients were in acute state of mood episodes and need hospitalization. A panel of blood tests were performed for levels of sex hormones (serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone), stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol), and an inflammation marker (C-reactive protein, CRP). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the discriminatory potential of the biomarkers for mood episodes.
RESULTS
In overall comparison between mood episodes, the BD patients expressed higher levels of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and CRP (P < 0.001) and lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level (P < 0.001) during manic episode. The episode-specific changes of testosterone, ACTH, and CRP levels remained between the two groups (P < 0.001) after correction for the confounding factors including age, sex, BMI, occupation, marital status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, psychotic symptoms, and age at onset. Furthermore, we found a sex- and age-specific impact of combined biomarkers in mood episodes in male BD patients aged ≥ 45 years (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.634-0.747), not in females.
CONCLUSIONS
While both hormone and inflammatory change is independently associated with mood episodes, we found that the combination of sex hormones, stress hormones and CRP could be more effective to differentiate the manic and depressive episode. The biological signatures of mood episodes in BD patients may be sex- and age-specific. Our findings not only provide mood episode-related biological markers, but also better support for targeted intervention in BD treatments.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Bipolar Disorder; Mania; Progesterone; Hydrocortisone; Biomarkers; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Testosterone; Estradiol
PubMed: 37340368
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04846-1