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Surgical Neurology International 2020is a species of Gram-negative enteric rod found in normal human gut flora. Pathologically, this most often presents as urinary tract infections, wound infections, and...
BACKGROUND
is a species of Gram-negative enteric rod found in normal human gut flora. Pathologically, this most often presents as urinary tract infections, wound infections, and bacteremia. It is highly uncommon for to be implicated in a central nervous system infection, with only 12 reported cases of parenchymal abscesses or meningitis.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A previously healthy 13-month-old female presented with fever of unknown origin and had a witnessed seizure during evaluation. A large left subdural fluid collection was identified, and the patient underwent emergent burr hole drainage and subdural drain placement. Cultures demonstrated empyema, and she subsequently completed a course of directed antibiotics. Six months following surgery, she has no further clinical or radiographic evidence of infection, seizures, or neurological sequelae.
CONCLUSION
We describe the first reported case of isolated subdural empyema caused by . The child was successfully treated with the evacuation of the empyema and direct antibiotics with no lasting neurological injury.
PubMed: 32874719
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_136_2020 -
The Identification of Ethidium Bromide-Degrading Bacteria from Laboratory Gel Electrophoresis Waste.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) Feb 2022Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is widely used in most laboratories to detect nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis applications. It is a well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic...
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is widely used in most laboratories to detect nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis applications. It is a well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic agent, which can affect biotic components of the place in which it is disposed. Usually the gel-waste is either buried in the ground or incinerated, whereas the liquid waste is disposed of down the sink following the recommended methods of treatment. The recommended methods do not involve biological potential, but rather make use of chemicals, which may further deteriorate soil and water quality. The present study identifies and characterizes the EtBr-degrading bacterial isolates BR3 and BR4. A bibliographic review of the risk status of using these isolates for the treatment of lab waste in laboratory settings is also presented. BR3 was identified as N5/687 (LN680103) and BR4 as subsp. ATCC 25830 (AJ301681) with 99.9% and 99.48% similarity, respectively, using an EzBioCloud microbial identifier. The literature revealed the bacterium as a non-pathogenic and natural microflora of humans, but as an opportunistic pathogen. These organisms belong to risk group II. Screening the sensitivity of these isolates to antibiotics revealed a sufficient number of antibiotics, which can be used to control them, if required. BR3 and BR4 exhibited resistance to individual antibiotics, ampicillin and vancomycin, whereas only BR3 was resistant to tetracycline. The current investigation, along with earlier reported work on these isolates, identifies BR3 as a useful isolate in the industrial application for the degradation of EtBr. Identical and related microorganisms, which are available in the culture collection repositories, can also be explored for such potential to formulate a microbial consortium for the bioremediation of ethidium bromide prior to its disposal.
PubMed: 35822812
DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010004 -
BMC Genomics 2012The opportunistic enterobacterium, Morganella morganii, which can cause bacteraemia, is the ninth most prevalent cause of clinical infections in patients at Changhua...
BACKGROUND
The opportunistic enterobacterium, Morganella morganii, which can cause bacteraemia, is the ninth most prevalent cause of clinical infections in patients at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. The KT strain of M. morganii was isolated during postoperative care of a cancer patient with a gallbladder stone who developed sepsis caused by bacteraemia. M. morganii is sometimes encountered in nosocomial settings and has been causally linked to catheter-associated bacteriuria, complex infections of the urinary and/or hepatobiliary tracts, wound infection, and septicaemia. M. morganii infection is associated with a high mortality rate, although most patients respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy. To obtain insights into the genome biology of M. morganii and the mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity, we used Illumina technology to sequence the genome of the KT strain and compared its sequence with the genome sequences of related bacteria.
RESULTS
The 3,826,919-bp sequence contained in 58 contigs has a GC content of 51.15% and includes 3,565 protein-coding sequences, 72 tRNA genes, and 10 rRNA genes. The pathogenicity-related genes encode determinants of drug resistance, fimbrial adhesins, an IgA protease, haemolysins, ureases, and insecticidal and apoptotic toxins as well as proteins found in flagellae, the iron acquisition system, a type-3 secretion system (T3SS), and several two-component systems. Comparison with 14 genome sequences from other members of Enterobacteriaceae revealed different degrees of similarity to several systems found in M. morganii. The most striking similarities were found in the IS4 family of transposases, insecticidal toxins, T3SS components, and proteins required for ethanolamine use (eut operon) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis. The eut operon and the gene cluster for cobalamin biosynthesis are not present in the other Proteeae genomes analysed. Moreover, organisation of the 19 genes of the eut operon differs from that found in the other non-Proteeae enterobacterial genomes.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first genome sequence of M. morganii, which is a clinically relevant pathogen. Comparative genome analysis revealed several pathogenicity-related genes and novel genes not found in the genomes of other members of Proteeae. Thus, the genome sequence of M. morganii provides important information concerning virulence and determinants of fitness in this pathogen.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Contig Mapping; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Morganella morganii; Proteus mirabilis; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23282187
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-S7-S4 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2019is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen shown to cause a wide range of clinical and community-acquired infections. This study was aimed at sequencing and comparing the...
is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen shown to cause a wide range of clinical and community-acquired infections. This study was aimed at sequencing and comparing the genomes of three strains isolated from the urine samples of patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections. Draft genome sequencing was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genomes of MM 1, MM 4, and MM 190 strains have a size of 3.82-3.97 Mb and a GC content of 50.9-51%. Protein-coding sequences (CDS) represent 96.1% of the genomes, RNAs are encoded by 2.7% of genes and pseudogenes account for 1.2% of the genomes. The pan-genome containes 4,038 CDS, of which 3,279 represent core genes. Six to ten prophages and 21-33 genomic islands were identified in the genomes of MM 1, MM 4, and MM 190. More than 30 genes encode capsular biosynthesis proteins, an average of 60 genes encode motility and chemotaxis proteins, and about 70 genes are associated with fimbrial biogenesis and adhesion. We determined that all strains contained urease gene cluster and had a urease activity. Both MM 4 and MM 190 strains are capable of hemolysis and their activity correlates well with a cytotoxicity level on T-24 bladder carcinoma cells. These activities were associated with expression of RTX toxin gene , which was introduced into the genomes by a phage similar to phage 118970_sal4.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Base Composition; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Child, Preschool; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Genome Size; Genome, Bacterial; Genomic Islands; Genomics; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Morganella morganii; Multigene Family; Prophages; Russia; Salmonella Phages; Urease; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 31231616
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00167 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Jun 2019There are few studies of Morganella bacteremia. We evaluated risk factors and outcome of patients with Morganella bacteremia. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
There are few studies of Morganella bacteremia. We evaluated risk factors and outcome of patients with Morganella bacteremia.
METHODS
Medical records of patients with Morganella bacteremia were reviewed (1997-2014). Control group patients with Escherichiacoli sepsis were matched by year of diagnosis and infection acquisition site.
RESULTS
The study group included 136 adult patients. Mean age and gender of study and control groups were similar. Complicated soft tissue infection was more prevalent in the study group (30% versus 3.2%, p < 0.05). The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was higher in the study group (4.3 ± 2.5 versus 3.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.05). Only 78 (62%) of the study patients versus 101 (83%) of the control group (p < 0.05), received appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. A significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (42% versus 25%, p < 0.05) as well as longer length of stay (25 ± 22 versus 14 ± 16 days, p < 0.05) was observed in the study group. Multivariate analysis revealed that a debilitative state, a CCI > 4, septic shock and a clinical syndrome other than UTI were all significant risk factors for mortality (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with Morganellamorganii sepsis had more co-morbidities and a worse degree of sepsis. There is an increased risk of inappropriate empirical treatment, longer hospitalization and higher death rate.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Israel; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Morganella morganii; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis
PubMed: 28919283
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.08.010 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for...
The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood, Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while Rickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders. Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected in a Mediterranean chameleon and a Montpellier snake. In feces, the cox1 gene generated a myriad of sequences for nematodes, cestodes, fungi and bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris was identified from a Mediterranean chameleon. Cryptosporidium spp. nPCR yielded a positive sample (i.e., Cryptosporidium sp. apodemus genotype I) from a Moroccan worm lizard, as well as for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Egyptian cobra, and Morganella morganii from a puff adder. Results from this study demonstrated the risk of zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and parasites present in blood and feces from reptiles that are brought to the souks in Marrakech, Morocco, to be sold for medicinal purposes or used for snake charming, being in direct and straight contact with humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cryptosporidiosis; Morocco; Cryptosporidium; Rickettsia; Parasites; Anaplasma; Snakes; Reptiles
PubMed: 37467211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011431 -
BMC Genomics Aug 2020M. morganii is a bacterium frequently associated with urinary infections in humans. While many human strains are sequenced, only the genomes of few poultry strains are...
BACKGROUND
M. morganii is a bacterium frequently associated with urinary infections in humans. While many human strains are sequenced, only the genomes of few poultry strains are available. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of five highly resistant Morganella morganii strains isolated in association with Escherichia coli from diseased domestic Austrian poultry flocks, namely geese, turkeys and chicken layers. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of these strains by NGS and analyzed phylogenetic clustering, resistance and virulence genes in the context of host-specificity.
RESULTS
Two strains were identified to be Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and one as AmpC beta-lactamases (AMP-C) phenotype, while two were ESBL negative. By integrating the genome sequences of these five poultry strains with all the available M. morganii genomes, we constructed a phylogenetic tree that clearly separates the Morganella genus into two clusters (M1 and M2), which approximately reflect the proposed subspecies classification (morganii and sibonii). Additionally, we found no association between phylogenetic structure and host, suggesting interspecies transmission. All five poultry strains contained genes for resistance to aminocoumarins, beta-lactams, colistin, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, phenicol, rifampin and tetracycline. A comparative genomics analysis of virulence genes showed acquisition of novel virulence genes involved in secretion system and adherence in cluster M2. We showed that some of these genes were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from closely related Morganellaceae species and propose that novel virulence genes could be responsible for expansion of tissue tropism in M. morganii. Finally, we detected variability in copy number and high sequence divergence in toxin genes and provided evidence for positive selection in insecticidal toxins genes, likely reflecting host-related adaptations.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this study describes i) the first isolation and characterization of M. morganii from goose and turkey, ii) a large-scale genetic analysis of M. morganii and an attempt to generate a global picture of the M. morganii intraspecific phylogenetic structure.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Morganella morganii; Phylogeny; Poultry; Virulence; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 32831012
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07001-2 -
Case Reports in Transplantation 2015Bacterial infection is a common complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Morganella morganii is ubiquitous Gram-negative facultative anaerobe,...
Bacterial infection is a common complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Morganella morganii is ubiquitous Gram-negative facultative anaerobe, which may cause many kinds of opportunistic infection. Herein we report a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with frequent urination, urgency, and mild pain that comes and goes low in the abdomen and around the anus. The patient had a medical history of chronic prostatitis for 4 years. He received HLA-matched sibling allo-HSCT because of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma 29 months ago. The routine examination of prostatic fluid showed increased leukocytes and the culture of prostatic fluid showed Morganella morganii subsp. morganii. The patient developed chills and fever 18 hours after examination. Both urine culture and blood culture showed Morganella morganii subsp. morganii. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and septic shock management. Taken together, Morganella morganii should be considered a possible pathogen when immunocompromised patients develop prostatitis. Also, prostatic massage could be a possible trigger of septic shock induced by Morganella morganii subsp. morganii in a posttransplantation patient.
PubMed: 26798544
DOI: 10.1155/2015/850532 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2020A multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii strain (CQ-M7), isolated from the kidney of a diseased Chinese giant salamander in China, was examined with whole genome...
OBJECTIVES
A multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii strain (CQ-M7), isolated from the kidney of a diseased Chinese giant salamander in China, was examined with whole genome sequencing to better understand drug tolerance and its pathogenicity.
METHODS
The draft genome of the investigated strain was assembled using HGA assembler and annotated using Rapid Annotations Subsystems Technology (RAST) server. The contigs were annotated by the appropriate bioinformatics tools available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR. Pathogenicity of the isolate was performed on 30 healthy Chinese giant salamanders with different infection dosages.
RESULTS
The CQ-M7 strain showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials, especially to aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics. Seventeen drug-resistance genes were detected, which were related to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, peptide antibiotic, and fosfomycin resistance. Sequence analysis showed the assembled genome size to be 4 966 326bp with 51.16% of GC content, containing 4587 protein-coding genes, 71 pseudogenes, five rRNAs, 80 tRNAs, and five noncoding RNAs. The genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number RQIJ00000000. Artificial infection results indicated that the CQ-M7 strain was a low-virulence strain for the Chinese giant salamander.
CONCLUSION
It is believed that this is the first draft genome of Chinese giant salamander original Morganella morganii strain harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes in China. The reported genome sequence could provide insights into antibiotic resistance mechanisms and control strategies of Morganella morganii.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genome Size; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Kidney; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Morganella morganii; Urodela; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 31449965
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.08.012 -
Genes Jun 2023is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen inherently resistant to colistin. This species causes various clinical and community-acquired infections. This study...
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen inherently resistant to colistin. This species causes various clinical and community-acquired infections. This study investigated the virulence factors, resistance mechanisms, functional pathways, and comparative genomic analysis of strain UM869 with 79 publicly available genomes. The multidrug resistance strain UM869 harbored 65 genes associated with 30 virulence factors, including efflux pump, hemolysin, urease, adherence, toxin, and endotoxin. Additionally, this strain contained 11 genes related to target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux resistance mechanisms. Further, the comparative genomic study revealed a high genetic relatedness (98.37%) among the genomes, possibly due to the dissemination of genes between adjoining countries. The core proteome of 79 genomes contains the 2692 core, including 2447 single-copy orthologues. Among them, six were associated with resistance to major antibiotic classes manifested through antibiotic target alteration (, ) and antibiotic efflux (, , ; ; ). Similarly, 47 core orthologues were annotated to 27 virulence factors. Moreover, mostly core orthologues were mapped to transporters ( = 576), two-component systems ( = 148), transcription factors ( = 117), ribosomes ( = 114), and quorum sensing ( = 77). The presence of diversity in serotypes (type 2, 3, 6, 8, and 11) and variation in gene content adds to the pathogenicity, making them more difficult to treat. This study highlights the genetic similarity among the genomes of and their restricted emergence, mostly in Asian countries, in addition to their growing pathogenicity and resistance. However, steps must be taken to undertake large-scale molecular surveillance and to direct suitable therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Virulence; Genome, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Virulence Factors; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genomics
PubMed: 37372459
DOI: 10.3390/genes14061279