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Cells Apr 2023Maes et al. (2008) published the first paper demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by abnormalities in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as...
Maes et al. (2008) published the first paper demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by abnormalities in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as evidenced by elevated serum IgM/IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, such as and . The latter aberrations, which point to increased gut permeability (leaky gut), are linked to activated neuro-immune and oxidative pathways in MDD. To delineate the profile and composition of the gut microbiome in Thai patients with MDD, we examined fecal samples of 32 MDD patients and 37 controls using 16S rDNA sequencing, analyzed α- (Chao1 and Shannon indices) and β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), and conducted linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Neither α- nor β-diversity differed significantly between MDD and controls. , , , , and were significantly enriched in MDD, while Gracillibacteraceae family, , and , , , , and were enriched in controls. Contradictory results have been reported for all these taxa, with the exception of , which is depleted in six different MDD studies (one study showed increased abundance), many medical disorders that show comorbidities with MDD, and animal MDD models. Our results may suggest a specific profile of compositional gut dysbiosis in Thai MDD patients, with increases in some pathobionts and depletion of some beneficial microbiota. The results suggest that depletion of may be a more universal biomarker of MDD that may contribute to increased enteral LPS load, LPS translocation, and gut-brain axis abnormalities.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ruminococcus; Lipopolysaccharides; Southeast Asian People; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37174640
DOI: 10.3390/cells12091240 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2012The aim of this study was the evaluation of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of M morganii rods isolated from clinical samples. This study included 201...
The aim of this study was the evaluation of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of M morganii rods isolated from clinical samples. This study included 201 strains isolated in the Clinical Microbiology Department of Dr. A. Jurasz University Hospital in 2008-2010. Identification to species was carried out on the basis of the results of biochemical reactions included in the tests ID 32E and VITEK2 GN. Antimicrobial susceptibility of M. morganii rods was determined by the disk-diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton II Agar. Strains of M morganii most commonly isolated from skin and soft tissue, and material taken from the urinary tract, mainly from patients of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of General and Vascular Surgery and Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology. All of M morganii strains isolated during the three years were susceptible to carbapenems. We reported decrease of strains susceptible to piperacillin and chloramphenicol. In 2010 we showed a higher percentage of strains intermediate to tigecycline, compared with 2009. We observed increase in the percentage of strains resistant to cefoperazone with sulbactam and reported decrease in the percentage of strains resistant and intermediate to aminoglycosides. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases were produced by 13 (6,5%) of M morganii strains.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carbapenems; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Morganella morganii; Poland; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Species Specificity
PubMed: 22708292
DOI: No ID Found -
3 Biotech May 2023a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen of the family enlisted recently in the global priority pathogens by WHO for its swift propensity to acquire drug-resistant...
UNLABELLED
a non-negligent opportunistic pathogen of the family enlisted recently in the global priority pathogens by WHO for its swift propensity to acquire drug-resistant genes, engendering enhanced death rates. A combination of diverse antimicrobials could be recycled to overcome the ongoing acquisition of resistance mechanisms by . Herein, we investigated the in vitro synergistic effect of colistin with meropenem, rifampicin, minocycline and linezolid against three intrinsic colistin-resistant strains collected from critical departments of tertiary care hospitals. The strains were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by VITEK 2 automated system. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to reconfirm the species identification. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin, meropenem, rifampicin, minocycline and linezolid were determined by the broth microdilution method. Synergistic interactions were studied by checkerboard and time-kill assay. The VITEK 2 identification and 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that the strains were . The automated antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that all three isolates were multi-drug resistant. The checkerboard analysis demonstrated the synergy of all four combinations with FICI values ranging from 0.06 to 0.31 in all three isolates. These results suggest a potential role of meropenem as an adjuvant for treating infections. The current work presented the first evidence of synergy between colistin and other antibiotics against infection, which needs validation through in vitro and in vivo studies using a larger number of isolates.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03551-w.
PubMed: 37064006
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03551-w -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common healthcare-associated infections in the US, accounting for over 1 million cases annually...
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common healthcare-associated infections in the US, accounting for over 1 million cases annually and totaling 450 million USD. CAUTIs have high morbidity and mortality rates and can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, making empiric treatment difficult. Furthermore, when urease-producing uropathogens cause symptomatic CAUTI or asymptomatic catheter colonization, the risk of catheter failure due to blockage increases. The enzyme urease promotes catheter blockage by hydrolyzing urea in urine into ammonia and carbon dioxide, which results in the formation of crystals that coat the catheter surface. If CAUTI is left untreated, the crystals can grow until they block the urinary catheter. Catheter blockage and subsequent failure reduces the quality of life for the chronically catheterized, as it requires frequent catheter exchanges and can promote more severe disease, including dissemination of the infection to the kidneys or bloodstream. Thus, understanding how urease contributes to catheter blockages and/or more severe disease among the broad range of urease-producing microbes may provide insights into better prevention or treatment strategies. However, clinical assays that detect urease production among clinical isolates are qualitative and prioritize the detection of urease from , the most well-studied uropathogenic urease producer. While urease from other known urease producers, such as , can also be detected with these methods, other uropathogens, including and , are harder to detect. In this study, we developed a high throughput, semiquantitative assay capable of testing multiple uropathogens in a rapid and efficient way. We validated the assay using Jack Bean urease, the urease producing species spp., and strains, and the non-urease producer: . This modified assay more rapidly detected urease-producing strains compared to the current clinical test, Christensen Urea Agar, and provided semiquantitative values that may be used to further investigate different aspects of urease regulation, production, or activity in these diverse species. Furthermore, this assay can be easily adapted to account for different environmental stimuli affecting urease production, including bacterial concentration, aeration, or addition of anti-urease compounds.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Humans; Quality of Life; Staphylococcus aureus; Urea; Urease; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 35392611
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.859093 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021, which is often regarded as a human commensal organism, can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing a variety of clinical infections with serious morbidity and mortality....
, which is often regarded as a human commensal organism, can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing a variety of clinical infections with serious morbidity and mortality. An efficient and convenient method for subtyping and identifying strains in epidemiological surveillance and control is urgently needed. Serotyping based on bacterial surface polysaccharide antigens (O-antigen or K-antigens) is a standard subtyping method for many gram-negative bacteria. Here, through whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of 27 strains, we developed a molecular serotyping scheme based on the genetic variation of O-antigen gene clusters (O-AGC) in , and 11 distinct O-AGC types were identified. A conventional serotyping scheme was also developed by the production of antisera and agglutination experiments, which was shown to be perfectly consistent with the molecular serotyping scheme, confirming that the variation in O-AGC correlated with phenotypic O-antigen diversification. Furthermore, a microsphere-based suspension array (MSA) with high specificity was developed based on the specific genes within each O-AGC type. The sensitivity of MSA was determined to be 0.1 ng of genomic DNA and 10 CFU of pure culture. We further analyzed 104 genomes available in GenBank, and an additional six novel O-AGC types were identified, indicating that the extension of this molecular serotyping scheme is convenient. Our work provides an important tool for the detection and epidemiological surveillance of , and this method has the potential to be widely utilized, especially for bacterial genera/species without an efficient typing approach.
PubMed: 34887844
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791165 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2023Carbapenems are among the few effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed at characterizing the plasmid content and resistome...
OBJECTIVES
Carbapenems are among the few effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed at characterizing the plasmid content and resistome of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) recovered from 2016 to 2019 from hospitalized patients in Lebanon.
METHODS
Plasmid typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to study the genomic characteristics of 65 clinical CREs including 27 Escherichia coli, 24 Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, three Morganella morganii, three Citrobacter freundii, five Enterobacter hormaechei, and two Serratia marcescens.
RESULTS
bla (33.8%; n = 22) and bla-like genes were among the detected resistance determinants, with two isolates co-harbouring bla. Various bla variants, bla (16.9%; n = 11), bla (9.2%; n = 6), bla (9.2%; n = 6), and bla (4.6%; n = 3), different ESBLs, and AmpC β-lactamases were detected. Carbapenem resistance determinants were linked to a variety of incompatibility groups with IncFIB(K) (43.1%; n = 28) being the most prevalent, followed by IncFIA (40.0%), IncL (35.4%), IncX3 (32.3%), IncI1 (32.3%), and IncFIIK (29.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
We analysed the clonality and resistance determinants of 65 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae recovered in the period from 2016 to 2019 from a large tertiary hospital in Lebanon. NDM variants, OXA-48, and OXA-181 were the most prevalent detected carbapenemases and were mostly linked to the dissemination of IncL, IncX3, and IncF. This study reinforces the need to track the spread and dominance of clinically relevant carbapenemase-encoding plasmids in healthcare settings.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 37437842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.004 -
Nature Communications Jun 2020Toxin complex (Tc) toxins are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. Tcs are composed of three subunits: TcA, TcB and TcC. TcA facilitates receptor-toxin interaction...
Toxin complex (Tc) toxins are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. Tcs are composed of three subunits: TcA, TcB and TcC. TcA facilitates receptor-toxin interaction and membrane permeation, TcB and TcC form a toxin-encapsulating cocoon. While the mechanisms of holotoxin assembly and pore formation have been described, little is known about receptor binding of TcAs. Here, we identify heparins/heparan sulfates and Lewis antigens as receptors for different TcAs from insect and human pathogens. Glycan array screening reveals that all tested TcAs bind negatively charged heparins. Cryo-EM structures of Morganella morganii TcdA4 and Xenorhabdus nematophila XptA1 reveal that heparins/heparan sulfates unexpectedly bind to different regions of the shell domain, including receptor-binding domains. In addition, Photorhabdus luminescens TcdA1 binds to Lewis antigens with micromolar affinity. Here, the glycan interacts with the receptor-binding domain D of the toxin. Our results suggest a glycan dependent association mechanism of Tc toxins on the host cell surface.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Binding Sites; Cell Adhesion; Cell Membrane; HEK293 Cells; Heparin; Humans; Insecta; Lewis X Antigen; Models, Molecular; Molecular Docking Simulation; Morganella morganii; Photorhabdus; Polysaccharides; Xenorhabdus
PubMed: 32483155
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16536-7 -
Cureus Jun 2023Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae threaten infection treatment globally. This study aims to assess ESBLs-E prevalence and...
BACKGROUND
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae threaten infection treatment globally. This study aims to assess ESBLs-E prevalence and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDR) in clinical specimens from Tabuk, KSA.
METHODS
A cross-sectional research was carried out in March-May 2023. A collective of 90 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified from clinical specimens. The specimen was identified by standard methods. The Enterobacteriaceae member was screed for ESBL production by screening and confirmatory as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
RESULT
was the most common isolate, followed by , , , and . Among the sample, the majority of isolates were from urine (47.8%) followed by pus (25.6%) and the least from other body fluids (6.7%). The showed the highest average antibiotic resistance (73.7%) among all the antibiotics used followed by (70.4%), (70%), (69.8%), and (69.4% both), and (68.8%). There was a 41.2% average reduction in ESBL positivity from phenotypic to confirmatory test results. The highest reduction was observed among (66.7%) and the least was observed in (17.1%).
CONCLUSION
Most of the ESBL-producing isolates were found mainly in blood and urine samples. The most frequent ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were and . The best options for treating Enterobacteriaceae that produce ESBL are Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Cefoxitin. ESBL-producing isotopes showed a high resistance rate to cefepime and cefotaxime compared to non-ESBL producers. It is of utmost importance to implement reliable infection control measures in healthcare institutions nationwide.
PubMed: 37431354
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40183 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 1980Morganella ("Proteus") morganii is the only species in the recently proposed genus Morganella, but we suspect there are yet undescribed species in the genus. Two...
Morganella ("Proteus") morganii is the only species in the recently proposed genus Morganella, but we suspect there are yet undescribed species in the genus. Two candidates for new species were recently investigated. Nineteen strains isolated from clinical specimens resembled M. morganii but were lysine positive and nonmotile and fermented glycerol within 24 h. Typical M. morganii are lysine negative and motile and ferment glycerol slowly or not at all. The three-test variance from typical M. morganii suggested that this new group might be a new Morganella species; however, strains of the group were closely related to typical M. morganii by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization. A second group of 14 strains isolated from clinical specimens was ornithine negative but was otherwise very similar to M. morganii. This group was also closely related to M. morganii by DNA hybridization. Both sets of strains clearly belong in the species Morganella morganii as distinct biogroups; they are not separate species as originally suspected. Initially both biogroups posed a problem in identification until their true relationship to M. morganii was determined.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Lysine; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Ornithine; Proteus; Proteus Infections
PubMed: 6775010
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.12.1.88-94.1980 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2019Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are known to be immune incompetent and experience higher incidences of infectious diseases. However, infective endocarditis (IE) is...
BACKGROUND
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are known to be immune incompetent and experience higher incidences of infectious diseases. However, infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely observed in patients with MM and Morganella morganii (M. morganii) has rarely been associated with IE.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 72-year-old female receiving 4th line treatment for MM presented with fever and concomitant confusion. Urinary culture revealed growth of Escherichia coli, wherefore broadspectrum penicillin and high-dose corticosteroids were initiated. However, blood cultures showed growth of M. morganii. Fluoroquinolone was added due to penicillin-resistance of the Morganella species. Two days after admission, the patient acutely deteriorated with hemodynamic instability. Gentamicin and high dose corticosteroids were added. Echocardiography showed marked aortic valve vegetation with severe aortic valve regurgitation, leading to the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis of the native aortic valve. Shortly after diagnosis, the patient died. At autopsy, vegetation with gram-negative rods in the native aortic valve was observed, confirming the diagnosis of M. morganii-endocarditis. Additional staining for amyloid confirmed advanced light-chain (AL) amyloidosis with extensive amyloid depositions of the aortic valve and valvular damage as complications of her MM.
CONCLUSIONS
Our case suggests that IE with M. morganii was facilitated by the combination of the cardiac amyloidosis with valvular impairment and the profound immune deficiency caused by the several chemo-immunomodulatory treatment lines and the MM itself. This case further illustrates that awareness for rare opportunistic infections in an era with growing potential of combined chemoimmunotherapy is warranted.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve; Echocardiography; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Morganella morganii; Multiple Myeloma
PubMed: 31707976
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4511-4