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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 1988Indole-positive members of the Proteeae usually have inducible expression of chromosomal beta-lactamases. Mutants with stably derepressed beta-lactamase expression occur...
Indole-positive members of the Proteeae usually have inducible expression of chromosomal beta-lactamases. Mutants with stably derepressed beta-lactamase expression occur in inducible populations at frequencies in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-8). The contribution of these beta-lactamases to drug resistance was examined in Morganella morganii and Proteus vulgaris. The M. morganii enzyme was a high-molecular-weight (49,000) class I cephalosporinase with low Vmax rates for ampicillin, carbenicillin, and and broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The P. vulgaris enzyme had a lower molecular weight (32,000) and high Vmax rates for ampicillin, cephaloridine, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. Imipenem and cefoxitin inactivated the P. vulgaris enzyme but were low-Vmax, low-Km substrates for that of M. morganii. Despite these differences, the two beta-lactamases caused similar resistance profiles. Ampicillin and cephaloridine were strong inducers for both species, and beta-lactamase-inducible strains and their stably derepressed mutants were resistant, whereas basal mutants (those with low-level uninducible beta-lactamase) were susceptible to these two compounds. Mezlocillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and (usually) carbenicillin were almost equally active against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms and their basal mutants, but were less active against stably derepressed mutants. This behavior reflected the beta-lactamase lability of these drugs, coupled with their weak inducer activity below the MIC. Carbenicillin was a labile strong inducer for a single P. vulgaris strain, and inducible enzyme was protective against the drug in this atypical organism. Cefoxitin and imipenem, both strong inducers below the MIC, were almost equally active against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms and their basal and stably derepressed mutants.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enzyme Induction; Hydrolysis; Isoelectric Focusing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus vulgaris; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 3058021
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.32.9.1385 -
Genes Jun 2023is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen inherently resistant to colistin. This species causes various clinical and community-acquired infections. This study...
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen inherently resistant to colistin. This species causes various clinical and community-acquired infections. This study investigated the virulence factors, resistance mechanisms, functional pathways, and comparative genomic analysis of strain UM869 with 79 publicly available genomes. The multidrug resistance strain UM869 harbored 65 genes associated with 30 virulence factors, including efflux pump, hemolysin, urease, adherence, toxin, and endotoxin. Additionally, this strain contained 11 genes related to target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux resistance mechanisms. Further, the comparative genomic study revealed a high genetic relatedness (98.37%) among the genomes, possibly due to the dissemination of genes between adjoining countries. The core proteome of 79 genomes contains the 2692 core, including 2447 single-copy orthologues. Among them, six were associated with resistance to major antibiotic classes manifested through antibiotic target alteration (, ) and antibiotic efflux (, , ; ; ). Similarly, 47 core orthologues were annotated to 27 virulence factors. Moreover, mostly core orthologues were mapped to transporters ( = 576), two-component systems ( = 148), transcription factors ( = 117), ribosomes ( = 114), and quorum sensing ( = 77). The presence of diversity in serotypes (type 2, 3, 6, 8, and 11) and variation in gene content adds to the pathogenicity, making them more difficult to treat. This study highlights the genetic similarity among the genomes of and their restricted emergence, mostly in Asian countries, in addition to their growing pathogenicity and resistance. However, steps must be taken to undertake large-scale molecular surveillance and to direct suitable therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Virulence; Genome, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Virulence Factors; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genomics
PubMed: 37372459
DOI: 10.3390/genes14061279 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jun 1990Morganella morganii, a very common cause of catheter-associated bacteriuria, was previously classified with the genus Proteus on the basis of urease production. M....
Morganella morganii, a very common cause of catheter-associated bacteriuria, was previously classified with the genus Proteus on the basis of urease production. M. morganii constitutively synthesizes a urease distinct from that of other uropathogens. The enzyme, purified 175-fold by passage through DEAE-Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose, Mono-Q, and Superose 6 chromatography resins, was found to have a native molecular size of 590 kilodaltons and was composed of three distinct subunits with apparent molecular sizes of 63, 15, and 6 kilodaltons, respectively. Amino-terminal analysis of the subunit polypeptides revealed a high degree of conservation of amino acid sequence between jack bean and Proteus mirabilis ureases. Km for urea equalled 0.8 mM. Antiserum prepared against purified enzyme inhibited activity by 43% at a 1:2 dilution after 1 h of incubation. All urease activity was immunoprecipitated from cytosol by a 1:16 dilution. Antiserum did not precipitate ureases of other species except for one Providencia rettgeri strain but did recognize the large subunits of ureases of Providencia and Proteus species on Western blots (immunoblots). Thirteen urease-positive cosmid clones of Morganella chromosomal DNA shared a 3.5-kilobase (kb) BamHI fragment. Urease gene sequences were localized to a 7.1-kb EcoRI-SalI fragment. Tn5 mutagenesis revealed that between 3.3 and 6.6 kb of DNA were necessary for enzyme activity. A Morganella urease DNA probe did not hybridize with gene sequences of other species tested. Morganella urease antiserum recognized identical subunit polypeptides on Western blots of cytosol from the wild-type strain and Escherichia coli bearing the recombinant clone which corresponded to those seen in denatured urease. Although the wild-type strain and recombinant clone produced equal amounts of urease protein, the clone produced less than 1% of the enzyme activity of the wild-type strain.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Immune Sera; Molecular Sequence Data; Neutralization Tests; Rabbits; Urease
PubMed: 2345135
DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3073-3080.1990 -
Cureus Sep 2023is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and the environment. In adults, it is often associated with nosocomial...
is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and the environment. In adults, it is often associated with nosocomial infections, primarily surgical wound infections, urinary tract infections, and hepatobiliary infections. It is a rare cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis, with fewer than 15 reported cases in the literature. The authors aim to present a case of a low birth weight preterm born at 28 weeks' gestation, who developed early-onset neonatal sepsis due to . We successfully treated the infection using a combination of third-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside, and in this report, we explain the rationale behind employing this antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 37868540
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45600 -
Glycobiology Oct 2011Morganella morganii is a commensal Gram-negative bacterium that has long been known to produce an antigen bearing phosphocholine groups. We determined the structure of...
Morganella morganii is a commensal Gram-negative bacterium that has long been known to produce an antigen bearing phosphocholine groups. We determined the structure of this O-chain antigen and found that its repeating unit also contains a free amino group and a second phosphate: This alternating charge character places the M. morganii O-chain polysaccharide into a small family of zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) known to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses via presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) molecules. In vitro binding assays demonstrate that this O-chain interacts with MHCII in a manner that competes with binding of the prototypical ZPS antigen PSA from Bacteroides fragilis, despite its lack of a helical structure. Cellular studies also showed that the M. morganii polysaccharide induces activation of CD4(+) T-cells. Antibody binding experiments using acid hydrolyzed fragments representing the monomer and higher oligomers of the repeating unit showed that the phosphocholine group was the dominant element of the epitope with an overall affinity (K(D)) of about 5 × 10(-5) M, a typical value for an IgM anti-carbohydrate antibody but much lower than the affinity for phosphocholine itself. These data show that the structure of the M. morganii polysaccharide contains a unique zwitterionic repeating unit which allows for immune recognition by T-cells, making it the first identified T-cell-dependent O-chain antigen.
Topics: Binding Sites; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Ions; Kinetics; Morganella morganii; O Antigens
PubMed: 21321054
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr018 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jun 1994Phosphatase activities were investigated in Morganella morganii, which is one of the few enterobacterial species producing high-level phosphate-irrepressible acid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Phosphatase activities were investigated in Morganella morganii, which is one of the few enterobacterial species producing high-level phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase activity (HPAP phenotype), and the gene encoding the major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase was cloned, sequenced, and its product characterized. Using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, Morganella produced a major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named PhoC) which is associated with the HPAP phenotype, a minor phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase, and a phosphate-repressible alkaline phosphatase. The presence of the PhoC activity prevented induction of alkaline phosphatase when a PhoC-hydrolysable organic phosphate ester, such as glycerol 2-phosphate, was the sole phosphate source. PhoC is a secreted nonspecific acid phosphatase apparently composed of four 25 kDa polypeptide subunits. The enzyme is resistant to EDTA, P(i), fluoride and tartrate. The M. morganii PhoC showed 84.6% amino acid sequence identity to the PhoN nonspecific acid phosphatase of Providencia stuartii, 45.3% to the PhoN nonspecific acid phosphatase of Salmonella typhimurium, and 37.8% to the principal acid phosphatase (PhoC) of Zymomonas mobilis. Comparison of sequence data and of regulation of these enzymes suggested a different phylogeny of members of this gene family within the Enterobacteriaceae.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Enterobacteriaceae; Enzyme Induction; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphates; Phylogeny; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 8081499
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-140-6-1341 -
Case Reports in Transplantation 2015Bacterial infection is a common complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Morganella morganii is ubiquitous Gram-negative facultative anaerobe,...
Bacterial infection is a common complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Morganella morganii is ubiquitous Gram-negative facultative anaerobe, which may cause many kinds of opportunistic infection. Herein we report a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with frequent urination, urgency, and mild pain that comes and goes low in the abdomen and around the anus. The patient had a medical history of chronic prostatitis for 4 years. He received HLA-matched sibling allo-HSCT because of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma 29 months ago. The routine examination of prostatic fluid showed increased leukocytes and the culture of prostatic fluid showed Morganella morganii subsp. morganii. The patient developed chills and fever 18 hours after examination. Both urine culture and blood culture showed Morganella morganii subsp. morganii. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and septic shock management. Taken together, Morganella morganii should be considered a possible pathogen when immunocompromised patients develop prostatitis. Also, prostatic massage could be a possible trigger of septic shock induced by Morganella morganii subsp. morganii in a posttransplantation patient.
PubMed: 26798544
DOI: 10.1155/2015/850532 -
AJP Reports Apr 2021We describe a case of late onset sepsis in an extremely low birth weight male neonate born at 23 and 4/7 weeks gestational age to a 30-year-old primigravid mother due...
We describe a case of late onset sepsis in an extremely low birth weight male neonate born at 23 and 4/7 weeks gestational age to a 30-year-old primigravid mother due to preterm labor. The mother was otherwise healthy with an unremarkable prenatal course. She received steroids and ampicillin prior to delivery. While initial blood cultures were negative, at day of life 4, the neonate developed signs of sepsis with leukocytosis and bandemia, and subsequent blood culture demonstrated growth of . The patient then had spontaneous intestinal perforation on day of life 8 with peritoneal cultures growing . The infant responded to standard therapy and survived to discharge, with few mild developmental delays upon outpatient follow-up. While has been demonstrated in the neonatal population, it generally causes early onset sepsis and is associated with high mortality in preterm neonates. Here, we present this case of late onset neonatal sepsis with complicated by spontaneous intestinal perforation, with survival in a 23 weeks gestation infant.
PubMed: 34422454
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732407 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2016Filipendula ulmaria, also known as meadowsweet, is an herb; its extract was examined for the prevention of histamine production, primarily that caused by contaminated...
Filipendula ulmaria, also known as meadowsweet, is an herb; its extract was examined for the prevention of histamine production, primarily that caused by contaminated fish. The efficacy of meadowsweet was assessed using two parameters: inhibition of Morganella morganii histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and inhibition of histamine accumulation in mackerel. Ellagitannins from F. ulmaria (rugosin D, rugosin A methyl ester, tellimagrandin II, and rugosin A) were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of human HDC; and in the present work, these compounds inhibited M. morganii HDC, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 1.5, 4.4, 6.1, and 6.8 μM, respectively. Application of the extracts (at 2 wt%) to mackerel meat yielded significantly decreased histamine accumulation compared with treatment with phosphate-buffered saline as a control. Hence, F. ulmaria exhibits inhibitory activity against bacterial HDC and might be effective for preventing food poisoning caused by histamine.
Topics: Animals; Filipendula; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Histamine; Histidine Decarboxylase; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Morganella morganii; Perciformes; Plant Extracts; Seafood
PubMed: 26939657
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-313 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2015The objective of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate of Morganella morganii obtained from a... (Review)
Review
Sepsis caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1) and qnrD-producing Morganella morganii, treated successfully with fosfomycin and meropenem: case report and literature review.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate of Morganella morganii obtained from a patient with sepsis of urinary origin and to describe the patient's clinical characteristics. We further aimed to perform a literature review of the situation in Latin America regarding Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) carriers of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) and qnr genes and current reports on the treatment of infections caused by XDR enterobacteria, with particular attention to colistin-resistant isolates.
METHODS
The patient's clinical data were obtained from his medical history. Microbiological identification and susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK 2 Compact System. Resistance genes were detected by PCR and sequencing.
RESULTS
Blood and urine cultures grew an M. morganii isolate (Mm4232) harboring NDM-1 and qnrD1. The patient was treated successfully with fosfomycin and double doses of meropenem. There are no previous reports of the use of fosfomycin and meropenem to treat infections by XDR enterobacteria harboring NDM-1 carbapenemase.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of qnrD1 in South America. We consider that this report could be helpful to physicians implementing treatments for infections caused by XDR GNB, including colistin-carbapenem-resistant GNB.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fosfomycin; Humans; Male; Meropenem; Morganella morganii; Sepsis; South America; Thienamycins; Young Adult; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 25447717
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.09.010