-
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 1995The gene encoding a minor phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named NapA) of Morganella morganii was cloned and sequenced, and its product characterized. NapA is a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Cloning and characterization of the NapA acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase of Morganella morganii: identification of a new family of bacterial acid-phosphatase-encoding genes.
The gene encoding a minor phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named NapA) of Morganella morganii was cloned and sequenced, and its product characterized. NapA is a secreted acid phosphatase composed of four 27 kDa polypeptide subunits. The enzyme is active on several organic phosphate monoesters but not on diesters, and is also endowed with transphosphorylating activity from organic phosphoric acid esters to nucleosides and other compounds with free hydroxyl groups. Its activity is inhibited by EDTA, inorganic phosphate, nucleosides and Ca2+, but not by fluoride or tartrate, and is enhanced by Mg2+, Co2+ and Zn2+. At the sequence level, the NapA enzyme did not show similarities to any other sequenced bacterial phosphatases. However, a search for homologous genes in sequence databases allowed identification of two open reading frames located within sequenced regions of the Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis genomes respectively, encoding proteins of unknown function which are highly homologous to the Morganella enzyme. Moreover, the properties of the NapA enzyme are very similar to those reported for the periplasmic nonspecific acid phosphatase II of Salmonella typhimurium (for which no sequence data are available). These data point to the existence of a new family of bacterial acid phosphatases, which we propose designating class B bacterial acid phosphatases.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cations, Divalent; Cloning, Molecular; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 7894706
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-141-1-147 -
Journal of Food Protection Feb 2000Histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from albacore stored at 0, 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. They were screened using Niven's differential medium, and their histamine...
Histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from albacore stored at 0, 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. They were screened using Niven's differential medium, and their histamine production was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. The optimum temperature for growth of histamine-producing bacteria was 25 degrees C. The bacterium producing the highest level of histamine was isolated from fish abused at 25 degrees C. It was identified as Morganella morganii by morphological, cultural, biochemical, and antimicrobial characteristics and by the Vitek microbial identification system. The M. morganii isolate was inoculated into tuna fish infusion broth medium, and the effect of temperature was determined for microbial growth and formation of histamine and other biogenic amines. The isolate produced the highest level of histamine, 5,253 ppm, at 25 degrees C in the stationary phase. At 15 degrees C, histamine production was reduced to 2,769 ppm. Neither microbial growth nor histamine formation was detected at 4 degrees C. To determine whether the isolate can also produce other biogenic amines that can potentiate histamine toxicity, production of cadaverine, putrescine, serotonin, tryptamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, spermidine, and spermine by the isolate was also monitored. Cadaverine, putrescine, and phenylethylamine were detected with microbial growth in the tuna fish infusion broth medium. The optimum temperature for cadaverine, putrescine, and phenylethylamine formation was found to be 25 degrees C, as it was for histamine.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Amines; Culture Media; Fishes; Histamine; Morganella morganii; Temperature
PubMed: 10678431
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.2.244 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior Dec 2024Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been utilized to immobilize heavy metals, limiting their translocation in metal contaminated settings. However, studies...
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been utilized to immobilize heavy metals, limiting their translocation in metal contaminated settings. However, studies on the mechanisms and interactions that elucidate how PGPRs mediate Nickel (Ni) tolerance in plants are rare. Thus, in this study we investigated how two pre-characterized heavy metal tolerant isolates of (ABT9 and ABT3) improve Ni stress tolerance in Arabidopsis while enhancing its growth and yield. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown for five weeks in control/Ni contaminated (control, 1.5 mM and 2.5 mM) potted soil, in the presence or absence of PGPRs. Plant growth characteristics, quantum yield, and antioxidative enzymatic activities were analyzed to assess the influence of PGPRs on plant physiology. Oxidative stress tolerance was quantified by measuring MDA accumulation in Arabidopsis plants. As expected, Ni stress substantially reduced plant growth (shoot and root fresh weight by 53.25% and 58.77%, dry weight by 49.80% and 57.41% and length by 47.16% and 64.63% over control), chlorophyll content and quantum yield (by 40.21% and 54.37% over control). It also increased MDA content by 84.28% at higher (2.5 mM) Ni concentrations. In contrast, inoculation with led to significant improvements in leaf chlorophyll, quantum yield, and Arabidopsis biomass production. The mitigation of adverse effects of Ni stress on biomass observed in -inoculated plants was attributed to the enhancement of antioxidative enzyme activities compared to Ni-treated plants. This upregulation of the antioxidative defense mechanism mitigated Ni-induced oxidative stress, leading to improved performance of the photosynthetic machinery, which, in turn, enhanced chlorophyll content and quantum yield. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these tolerance-inducing processes will help to complete the picture of PGPRs-mediated defense signaling. Thus, it suggests that PGPRs candidate can potentially be utilized for plant growth promotion by reducing oxidative stress via upregulating antioxidant defense systems in Ni-contaminated soils and reducing Ni metal uptake.
Topics: Nickel; Antioxidants; Arabidopsis; Morganella morganii; Chlorophyll
PubMed: 38526224
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2318513 -
MSphere 2017genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of antimicrobial resistance gene clusters described in...
genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of antimicrobial resistance gene clusters described in numerous serovars and also in . A serious threat to public health was revealed in the recent description in of a SGI1-derivative multidrug resistance island named PGI1 ( genomic island 1) carrying extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase resistance genes, and , respectively. Here, we report the first description of genomic island 1 (SGI1) in a multidrug-resistant clinical subsp. strain isolated from a patient in France in 2013. Complete-genome sequencing of the strain revealed SGI1 variant SGI1-L carrying resistance genes , , (G), (now referred to as ), and , conferring resistance to trimethoprim, phenicols, tetracyclines, amoxicillin, and sulfonamides, respectively. The SGI1-L variant was integrated into the usual chromosome-specific integration site at the 3' end of the gene. Beyond and , the SGI1 integrative mobilizable element may thus also disseminate its multidrug resistance phenotype in another genus belonging to the tribe of the family . Since its initial identification in epidemic multidrug-resistant serovar Typhimurium DT104 strains, several SGI1 variants, SGI1 lineages, and SGI1-related elements (SGI2, PGI1, and AGI1) have been described in many bacterial genera (, , , , , etc.). They constitute a family of multidrug resistance site-specific integrative elements acquired by horizontal gene transfer, SGI1 being the best-characterized element. The horizontal transfer of SGI1/PGI1 elements into other genera is of public health concern, notably with regard to the spread of critically important resistance genes such as ESBL and carbapenemase genes. The identification of SGI1 in raises the issue of (i) the potential for SGI1 to emerge in other human pathogens and (ii) its bacterial host range. Further surveillance and research are needed to understand the epidemiology, the spread, and the importance of the members of this SGI1 family of integrative elements in contributing to antibiotic resistance development.
PubMed: 28435889
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00118-17 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in antibiotic resistance in is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an ICE identified in the genome...
INTRODUCTION
The role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in antibiotic resistance in is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an ICE identified in the genome contributed to the polymyxin resistance.
METHODS
Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by bioinformatics analyses to identify ICEs and antibiotic resistance genes. Conjugation assays were performed to analyze the transferability of a discovered ICE. A drug transporter encoded on the ICE was heterogeneously expressed in , minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined, and a traditional Chinese medicine library was screened for potential efflux pump inhibitors.
RESULTS
An antibiotic resistance-conferring ICE, named ICEMP63, was identified. ICEMP63 was verified to be horizontally transferred among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. G3577_03020 in ICEMP63 was found to mediate multiple antibiotic resistances, especially polymyxin resistance. However, natural compound glabridin was demonstrated to inhibit polymyxin resistance.
DISCUSSION
Our findings support the need for monitoring dissemination of ICEMP63 in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Combined glabridin and polymyxin may have therapeutic potential for treating infections from multi-drug resistant bacteria carrying ICEMP63.
PubMed: 37283918
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188900 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Sep 2022BACKGROUND Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare pituitary lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases and is associated with high mortality rates. The...
BACKGROUND Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare pituitary lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases and is associated with high mortality rates. The non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological features preclude accurate diagnosis of the disease. Hence, surgical intervention is still considered the criterion standard method for PA diagnosis. Most PAs occur as a primary disease or due to complications such as surgery, sepsis, and adjacent inflamed lesions. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a headache associated with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. The patient had no visual disturbances, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, or abnormal discharges. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large suprasellar mass. The patient underwent left-side trans-nasal transsphenoidal microscopic surgery for mass removal. An abscess with discharge was noticed and sent for microbiological evaluation, revealing an infection with a commensal enteric bacterium that rarely causes nosocomial infection, known as Morganella morganii. The patient was discharged after completing the intravenous antibiotic course and was given oral antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Pituitary abscess is a rare pituitary lesion. However, taking the history of recent meningitis, sinusitis, and/or surgery may help to reach an early diagnosis, prompt surgical intervention, and vital therapeutic steps to reduce mortality rates and improve patient's outcomes. PA should always be considered when patients demonstrate signs of pituitary dysfunction associated with signs of infection. Furthermore, antibiotics should be administered immediately once the PA case is confirmed and should last for at least 6 weeks postoperatively.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morganella morganii; Pituitary Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36110038
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.936743 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jul 2020The inactivation and damage of histamine-forming bacterium, , in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) alone or in combination with...
The inactivation and damage of histamine-forming bacterium, , in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) alone or in combination with 0.2% lemon essential oil (LEO) treatments were studied using viability measurement and scanning electron microscopy (). HHP alone or in combination with LEO treatments showed first-order destruction kinetics to during pressure holding period. The D values of (200 to 600 MPa) in phosphate buffer ranged from 16.4 to 0.08 min, whereas those in tuna meat slurry ranged from 51.0 to 0.10 min, respectively. in tuna meat slurry had higher D values and were more resistant to HHP treatments than in phosphate buffer. In addition, the D values of HHP in combination with LEO treatment were lower than those of HHP treatment alone at <400 MPa of pressure, indicating that it is more effective to inactivate under the same pressure. The results showed the at HHP in combination with LEO treatment was more susceptible to pressure treatment alone. HHP with or without LEO treatments can be used to inactivate by causing disruption to bacterial cell membrane and cell wall as demonstrated by micrographs.
PubMed: 32724607
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1626 -
Journal of Oleo Science Mar 2022This study is first to test Pakistani honey bees, Apis dorsata and A. cerana honey samples as anti biofilm, anti quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm dispersal agents honey...
This study is first to test Pakistani honey bees, Apis dorsata and A. cerana honey samples as anti biofilm, anti quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm dispersal agents honey against multispecies biofilm of bacteria (obtained from obese patients). Briefly, five previously identified isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Morganella morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MT448672-MT448676) were selected. Antibiogram study of all five isolates was tested against three antibiotics viz., erythromycin (20 µg/mL), lincomycin (100 µg/mL) and rifampicin (100 µg/mL). In order to form multispecies biofilm, identified bacteria were grown in batch culture by mixing equal volumes (OD = 0.1) of 2, 3 and 5 bacterial isolates. In total 11 groups (g1-g11) were made. Crystal violet (CV) staining method was used to evaluate the antibiofilm potential and biofilm dispersal potential of both honey samples. QS inhibition in P. aeruginosa was measured following culture supernatant method. Antibiogram study showed significant (p < 0.05) resistance by P. aeruginosa against tested antibiotics. E. coli, M. morganii and K. pneumoniae were significantly susceptible to erythromycin and S. aureus to lincomycin. Both honey samples at 2% and 5% concentrations showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition potential of multispecies biofilm by all test groups (g1-g11). Though A. dorsata honey significantly inhibited biofilm formation at 2 and 5% against all groups but 2% concentration was highly significant against g2-g4 groups. Regarding A. cerana honey, 2% concentration was significantly effective against g1, g4-g7 and g9-g11 groups. Both honey samples significantly inhibited QS at 2 and 5%. The 5% concentration of A. dorsata honey significantly dispersed biofilm by all groups compared to 2% which showed dispersal potential only by g2 and g3 groups. Accordingly, honey samples showed significant antibiofilm, anti-QS and biofilm dispersal potentials thus can be considered as good alternative to antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Escherichia coli; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35153244
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21199 -
PloS One 2021Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial...
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales isolates to major antimicrobials, including carbapenems, is much higher in Vietnam than in Western countries, but the reasons remain unknown due to the lack of genomic epidemiology research. A previous study suggested that carbapenem resistance genes, such as the carbapenemase gene blaNDM, spread via plasmids among Enterobacterales in Vietnam. In this study, we characterized blaNDM-carrying plasmids in Enterobacterales isolated in Vietnam, and identified several possible cases of horizontal transfer of plasmids both within and among species of bacteria. Twenty-five carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates from a medical institution in Hanoi were sequenced on Illumina short-read sequencers, and 13 blaNDM-positive isolates, including isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, were further sequenced on an Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencer to obtain complete plasmid sequences. Almost identical 73 kb IncFII(pSE11)::IncN hybrid plasmids carrying blaNDM-1 were found in a P. mirabilis isolate and an M. morganii isolate. A 112 kb IncFII(pRSB107)::IncN hybrid plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 in an E. coli isolate had partially identical sequences with a 39 kb IncR plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 and an 88 kb IncFII(pHN7A8)::IncN hybrid plasmid in a C. freundii isolate. 148-149 kb IncFIA(Hl1)::IncA/C2 plasmids and 75-76 kb IncFII(Yp) plasmids, both carrying blaNDM-1 were shared among three sequence type 11 (ST11) isolates and three ST395 isolates of K. pneumoniae, respectively. Most of the plasmids co-carried genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, in addition to blaNDM-1. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of CRE in Vietnam, and could help control nosocomial infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Vietnam; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34319973
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231119 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Apr 2013Abscess formation and cellulitis in the setting of envenomation are rare complications of handling catfish. To the best of our knowledge, isolation of Proteus vulgaris...
INTRODUCTION
Abscess formation and cellulitis in the setting of envenomation are rare complications of handling catfish. To the best of our knowledge, isolation of Proteus vulgaris has not been previously recorded, and recovery of Morganella morganii has been reported in only one prior case from wound cultures in patients injured by catfish stings. We report a case of catfish envenomation characterized by abscess formation and cellulitis, in which wound cultures grew these unusual organisms.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 52-year-old Chinese-American man was hospitalized with erythema and swelling of his right arm of 10 days' duration after skin penetration by a catfish barb. An abscess of his right thumb had undergone incision and drainage, with purulent drainage sent for wound culture immediately prior to admission. Laboratory studies revealed elevated white blood count, sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. The patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and vancomycin during his hospitalization, and symptoms improved. Wound cultures obtained prior to presentation grew many Proteus vulgaris and Morganella morganii. He was subsequently discharged on a 10-day course of oral ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. At a 12-month telephone follow-up, the patient denied developing further symptoms and reported that the wound had healed completely without complication.
CONCLUSION
Although envenomation and secondary infection are not uncommon sequelae of handling catfish, the present case is unique by virtue of the infecting organisms isolated. Given the prevalence of injury from catfish stings, a review of the literature is presented in order to provide recommendations for prevention and treatment of catfish envenomation.
PubMed: 23631594
DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-122