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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 1999Shotgun cloning experiments with restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from Morganella morganii 1, which expresses high levels of cephalosporinase, into the pBKCMV...
Shotgun cloning experiments with restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from Morganella morganii 1, which expresses high levels of cephalosporinase, into the pBKCMV cloning vector gave a recombinant plasmid, pPON-1, which encoded four entire genes: ampC, ampR, an hybF family gene, and orf-1 of unknown function. The deduced AmpC beta-lactamase of pI 7.6 shared structural and functional homologies with AmpC from Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens. The overlapping promoter organization of ampC and ampR, although much shorter in M. morganii than in the other enterobacterial species, suggested similar AmpR regulatory properties. The MICs of beta-lactams for E. coli MC4100 (ampC mutant) harboring recombinant plasmid pACYC184 containing either ampC and ampR (pAC-1) or ampC (pAC-2) and induction experiments showed that the ampC gene of M. morganii 1 was repressed in the presence of ampR and was activated when a beta-lactam inducer was added. Moreover, transformation of M. morganii 1 or of E. coli JRG582 (delta ampDE) harboring ampC and ampR with a recombinant plasmid containing ampD from E. cloacae resulted in a decrease in the beta-lactam MICs and an inducible phenotype for M. morganii 1, thus underlining the role of an AmpD-like protein in the regulation of the M. morganii cephalosporinase. Fifteen other M. morganii clinical isolates with phenotypes of either low-level inducible cephalosporinase expression or high-level constitutive cephalosporinase expression harbored the same ampC-ampR organization, with the hybF and orf-1 genes surrounding them; the organization of these genes thus differed from those of ampC-ampR genes in C. freundii and E. cloacae, which are located downstream from the fumarate operon. Finally, an identical AmpC beta-lactamase (DHA-1) was recently identified as being plasmid encoded in Salmonella enteritidis, and this is confirmatory evidence of a chromosomal origin of the plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cephalosporinase; Cloning, Molecular; Enterobacteriaceae; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase; Phenotype; Salmonella enteritidis; Sequence Analysis; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 10103179
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.4.769 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022The emergence of the plasmid-mediated high levels of the tigecycline resistance gene has drawn worldwide attention and has posed a major threat to public health. In this...
The emergence of the plasmid-mediated high levels of the tigecycline resistance gene has drawn worldwide attention and has posed a major threat to public health. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the (X4)-positive isolates collected from a pig slaughterhouse and farms. A total of 101 tigecycline resistance strains were isolated from 353 samples via a medium with tigecycline, of which 33 carried (X4) (9.35%, 33/353) and 2 carried (X6) (0.57%, 2/353). These strains belong to seven different species, with Escherichia coli being the main host bacteria. Importantly, this report is the first one to demonstrate that (X4) was observed in Morganella morganii. Whole-genome sequencing results revealed that (X4)-positive bacteria can coexist with other resistance genes, such as and . Additionally, we were the first to report that (X4) and coexist in a Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain. The phylogenetic tree of 533 (X4)-positive E. coli strains was constructed using 509 strains from the NCBI genome assembly database and 24 strains from this study, which arose from 8 sources and belonged to 135 sequence types (STs) worldwide. We used Nanopore sequencing to interpret the selected 21 nonclonal and representative strains and observed that 19 (X4)-harboring plasmids were classified into 8 replicon types, and 2 (X6) genes were located on integrating conjugative elements. A total of 68.42% of plasmids carrying (X4) were transferred successfully with a conjugation frequency of 10 to 10. These findings highlight that diverse plasmids drive the widespread dissemination of the tigecycline resistance gene (X4) in of porcine origin. Tigecycline is considered to be the last resort of defense against diseases caused by broad-spectrum resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we systematically analyzed the prevalence and genetic environments of the resistance gene (X4) in a pig slaughterhouse and farms and the evolutionary relationship of 533 (X4)-positive Escherichia coli strains, including 509 (X4)-positive E. coli strains selected from the 27,802 assembled genomes of E. coli from the NCBI between 2002 and 2022. The drug resistance of tigecycline is widely prevalent in pig farms where tetracycline is used as a veterinary drug. This prevalence suggests that pigs are a large reservoir of (X4) and that (X4) can spread horizontally through the food chain via mobile genetic elements. Furthermore, tetracycline resistance may drive tigecycline resistance through some mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to monitor tigecycline resistance, develop effective control measures, and focus on tetracycline use in the pig farms.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Tigecycline; Escherichia coli; Veterinary Drugs; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Tetracycline; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
PubMed: 36125305
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01615-22 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Oct 2018
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; China; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Morganella morganii
PubMed: 30353002
DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0173-3 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2022Morganella morganii is a facultative, anaerobic rod Gram-negative enteric bacterium. Few cases are documented of musculoskeletal infection. We present a case of a... (Review)
Review
Morganella morganii is a facultative, anaerobic rod Gram-negative enteric bacterium. Few cases are documented of musculoskeletal infection. We present a case of a 9-year-old boy with osteomyelitis 1 year after index external fixation for leg length discrepancy. Our patient initially presented with wound drainage at his distal medial tibia fixation site but had negative radiographs. Initial antibiotic treatment failed after 1-month follow-up, and cultures revealed M. morganii. He underwent incision and drainage with external fixator removal, and the antibiotic regimen changed after a susceptibility panel. Symptoms were alleviated after 30 days with the new antibiotic regimen, and the patient was put back on his original schedule for limb lengthening through external fixation. A new methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus occurred at the same site 2.5 years later but was easily treated, and the 3-year follow-up showed no other recurrences or complications.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Tibia; Morganella morganii; External Fixators; Fracture Fixation; Osteomyelitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36732295
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00171 -
Cureus Mar 2020Morganella morganii is a rare opportunistic pathogen that is known to cause urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections. Per our literature review, there are few case...
Morganella morganii is a rare opportunistic pathogen that is known to cause urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections. Per our literature review, there are few case reports of neonatal sepsis associated with this organism but to our knowledge, there are no case reports of Morganella morganii causing fetal demise in published literature in the Englishlanguage. In this case report, we present a case of a 34-year-old pregnant woman who had a hospital course complicated by Morganella morganii, which eventually led to stillbirth.
PubMed: 32257711
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7169 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Jun 2018Live maggot infestation (myiasis) of wounds can present a host of ailments. Loosely associated with maggot excreta, Morganella morganii is a widespread, gram-negative...
INTRODUCTION
Live maggot infestation (myiasis) of wounds can present a host of ailments. Loosely associated with maggot excreta, Morganella morganii is a widespread, gram-negative rod bacterium commonly found in the intestinal tracts of humans. M morganii has been observed as being pathogenic, particularly in nosocomial and postoperative environments, as well as in immunosuppressed and elderly populations.
CASE REPORT
Herein, the authors present a rare, previously unreported case of M morganii septicemia (as confirmed by positive blood culture), secondary to myiasis of the lower extremities. The patient was successfully treated with both systemic and topical interventions. Posttreatment examination revealed resolution of myiasis and negative blood cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
Myiasis can be invasive, leading to severe systemic infection. In these cases, a broad-spectrum antibiotic combined with systemic and topical antiparasitic therapy should be considered.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Topical; Aged, 80 and over; Carbapenems; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Hydrotherapy; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic; Insecticides; Lower Extremity; Male; Morganella morganii; Myiasis; Ointments; Permethrin; Postthrombotic Syndrome; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30059332
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012Aim of this study was to show the emergence of the qnr genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant, AMPC and ESBL (extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase) co-producing Morganella...
First characterisation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance-qnrS1 co-expressed bla CTX-M-15 and bla DHA-1 genes in clinical strain of Morganella morganii recovered from a Tunisian Intensive Care Unit.
PURPOSE
Aim of this study was to show the emergence of the qnr genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant, AMPC and ESBL (extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase) co-producing Morganella morganii isolate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A multi resistant Morganella morganii SM12012 isolate was recovered from pus from a patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit at the Military hospital, Tunisia. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested with the agar disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. ESBLs were detected using a standard double-disk synergy test. The characterization of beta-lactamases and associated resistance genes were performed by isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing.
RESULTS
The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed the high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins (MICs: 64-512 μg/ml) and fluoroquinolones (MICs: 32-512 μg/ml). But M. morganii SM12012 isolate remained susceptible to carbapenems (MICs: 4-<0.25 μg/ml). The double-disk synergy test confirmed the phenotype of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Three identical β-lactamases with pI values of 6.5, 7.8 and superior to 8.6 were detected after isoelectric focusing analysis. These β-lactamases genes can be successfully transferred by the conjugative plasmid. Molecular analysis demonstrated the co-production of bla (DHA-1), bla (CTX-M-15) and qnrS1 genes on the same plasmid. The detection of an associated chromosomal quinolone resistance revealed the presence of a parC mutation at codon 80 (Ser80-lle80).
CONCLUSION
This is the first report in Tunisia of nosocomial infection due to the production of CTX-M-15 and DHA-1 β-lactamases in M. morganii isolate with the association of quinolone plasmid resistance. The incidence of these strains invites continuous monitoring of such multidrug-resistant strains and the further study of their epidemiologic evolution.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Isoelectric Focusing; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Morganella morganii; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Quinolones; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Suppuration; Tunisia; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 23183469
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.103765 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus,...
Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases among Proteus, Providencia and Morganella isolated from global hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: Results of the Study for Monitoring...
OBJECTIVES
The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus, Providencia and Morganella) causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections from the worldwide Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) collected from 2008-2011.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates with an ertapenem minimum inhibitory concentration >0.5mg/L or those phenotypically producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases were detected by multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
A total of 142 isolates, including Proteus mirabilis (n=121), Proteus vulgaris (n=3), Providencia stuartii (n=5), Providencia rettgeri (n=6) and Morganella morganii (n=7), were analysed. Proteus mirabilis was generally susceptible to ertapenem (∼90%) compared with imipenem (≤25%). The most common ESBLs were CTX-M types (n=64), followed by TEM (n=27) and SHV (n=7). CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-15 were the dominant CTX-M-type ESBLs in P. mirabilis isolates. CMY (n=14), which included CMY-2 (n=6), was the most common AmpC β-lactamase, followed by DHA (n=6) and FOX (n=4). NDM (n=7), which included NDM-1 (n=4), was the most common carbapenemase, followed by KPC (n=2). Isolates from hospital-associated infections had more complicated β-lactamase combinations than isolates from community-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION
The global emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Proteeae isolates are major issues in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends and developing further resistance surveillance are necessary.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Morganella; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Urinary Tract Infections; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32311502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.011 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2017Morganella morganii is a common but frequent neglected environmental opportunistic pathogen which can cause deadly nosocomial infections. The increased number of...
Morganella morganii is a common but frequent neglected environmental opportunistic pathogen which can cause deadly nosocomial infections. The increased number of multidrug-resistant M. morganii isolates motivates the search for alternative and effective antibacterials. We have isolated two novel obligatorily lytic M. morganii bacteriophages (vB_MmoM_MP1, vB_MmoP_MP2) and characterized them with respect to specificity, morphology, genome organization and phylogenetic relationships. MP1's dsDNA genome consists of 163,095 bp and encodes 271 proteins, exhibiting low DNA (<40%) and protein (<70%) homology to other members of the Tevenvirinae. Its unique property is a >10 kb chromosomal inversion that encompass the baseplate assembly and head outer capsid synthesis genes when compared to other T-even bacteriophages. MP2 has a dsDNA molecule with 39,394 bp and encodes 55 proteins, presenting significant genomic (70%) and proteomic identity (86%) but only to Morganella bacteriophage MmP1. MP1 and MP2 are then novel members of Tevenvirinae and Autographivirinae, respectively, but differ significantly from other tailed bacteriophages of these subfamilies to warrant proposing new genera. Both bacteriophages together could propagate in 23 of 27 M. morganii clinical isolates of different origin and antibiotic resistance profiles, making them suitable for further studies on a development of bacteriophage cocktail for potential therapeutic applications.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Computational Biology; Gene Order; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Morganella; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 28387353
DOI: 10.1038/srep46157 -
Cureus Jul 2023Drug resistance is very common in developing countries. Isolated cases of concomitant infection with , , and are rare. Furthermore, there is no report available in the...
Isoniazid Mono-Resistant Tuberculosis Presenting as Empyema Thoracis With Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii Infections: The World's First Reported Case of Its Type.
Drug resistance is very common in developing countries. Isolated cases of concomitant infection with , , and are rare. Furthermore, there is no report available in the literature of concurrent infection of and in an isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis patient. In this case, we present a concomitant infection with drug-resistant strains of , , and in a 40-year-old Indian male who presented with fever, dry cough, and chest pain. He was initiated on an isoniazid mono regimen and a broad-spectrum antibiotic, following the national guidelines.
PubMed: 37663992
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42767