-
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Oct 2022Alcohol consumption produces feelings of well-being and stimulation, but also impairs psychomotor performance, disturbs cardiovascular function and sleep, and can... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Alcohol consumption produces feelings of well-being and stimulation, but also impairs psychomotor performance, disturbs cardiovascular function and sleep, and can disrupt next-day mood and behavior. A deeper understanding of how the acute effects of alcohol relate to its sleep and morning-after effects is needed to minimize harm resulting from its use. This study examined relationships between the effects of a high dose of alcohol on subjective and psychomotor measures, nocturnal heart rate, sleep quality, and morning-after mood and behavior. We hypothesized that alcohol would produce disturbances in cardiovascular and sleep regulation during the night, which would predict morning-after mood and behavioral performance.
METHODS
Thirty-one men and women participated in two overnight laboratory visits during which they consumed either alcohol (1.0 g/kg for men, 0.85 g/kg for women) or placebo (randomized, crossover design). They consumed the beverage from 8 to 9 pm, and remained in the laboratory overnight for polysomnographic sleep recording. Subjective and behavioral measures were obtained during consumption and at 7-8 am the morning after.
RESULTS
Alcohol increased both negative and positive arousal, urge to drink and sedation, and it impaired performance on behavioral tasks. During sleep, alcohol produced expected tachycardia and detriments in sleep quality including decreased total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and altered sleep architecture. Only modest effects on mood or performance were detected the following morning. The acute sedative-like effects of alcohol were related to increases in N2 sleep, but not to other disruptions in sleep or nocturnal heart rate, and neither sleep impairments nor nocturnal heart rate were related to mood or task performance the morning after.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of alcohol on sleep and nocturnal heart rate were not strongly related to either its acute or morning-after effects. These findings do not provide strong support for the idea that alcohol-induced sleep disruptions underlie morning-after effects.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Affect; Ethanol; Heart Rate; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 35953878
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14921 -
JMIR Formative Research Sep 2022Early morning behaviors between waking up and beginning daily work can develop into productive habits. However, sleep inertia limits the level of human ability...
BACKGROUND
Early morning behaviors between waking up and beginning daily work can develop into productive habits. However, sleep inertia limits the level of human ability immediately after waking, lowering a person's motivation and available time for productive morning behavior.
OBJECTIVE
This study explores a design for morning behavior change using a wake-up task, a simple assignment the user needs to finish before alarm dismissal. Specifically, we set two research objectives: (1) exploring key factors that relate to morning behavior performance, including the use of wake-up tasks in an alarm app and (2) understanding the general practice of affecting morning behavior change by implementing wake-up tasks.
METHODS
We designed and implemented an apparatus that provides wake-up task alarms and facilities for squat exercises. We recruited 36 participants to perform squat exercises in the early morning using the wake-up tasks for 2 weeks. First, we conducted a generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis for the first research objective. Next, we conducted a thematic analysis of the postsurvey answers to identify key themes about morning behavior change with the wake-up tasks for the second objective.
RESULTS
The use of wake-up tasks was significantly associated with both the completion of the target behavior (math task: P=.005; picture task: P<.001) and the elapsed time (picture task: P=.08); the time to alarm dismissal was significantly related to the elapsed time to completion (P<.001). Moreover, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables, common factors for behavior change, were significant, but their magnitudes and directions differed slightly from the other domains. Furthermore, the survey results reveal how the participants used the wake-up tasks and why they were effective for morning behavior performance.
CONCLUSIONS
The results reveal the effectiveness of wake-up tasks in accomplishing the target morning behavior and address key factors for morning behavior change, such as (1) waking up on time, (2) escaping from sleep inertia, and (3) quickly starting the desired target behavior.
PubMed: 36129742
DOI: 10.2196/39497 -
European Journal of Oncology Nursing :... Dec 2013To identify distinct latent classes of individuals based on ratings of morning and evening fatigue; evaluate for differences in phenotypic characteristics, as well as... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
To identify distinct latent classes of individuals based on ratings of morning and evening fatigue; evaluate for differences in phenotypic characteristics, as well as symptom and quality of life scores, among these latent classes; and evaluate for an overlap in morning and evening fatigue class membership.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In a sample of 167 oncology outpatients and 85 of their FCs, growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct latent classes based on ratings of morning and evening fatigue obtained before, during, and after radiation therapy. Analyses of variance and Chi Square analyses were used to evaluate for differences among the morning and evening fatigue latent classes.
RESULTS
Three distinct latent classes for morning fatigue were identified. Participants in the High Morning Fatigue class (47%) were younger and had lower functional status. Three distinct latent classes for evening fatigue were identified. Participants in the High Evening Fatigue class (61%) were younger, more likely to be female, more likely to have children at home, and more likely to be a FC. Only 10.3% of participants were classified in both the Very Low Morning and Low Evening Fatigue classes and 41.3% were classified in both the High Morning and High Evening Fatigue classes.
CONCLUSIONS
Different characteristics were associated with morning and evening fatigue, which suggests that morning and evening fatigue may be distinct but related symptoms. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that may underlie diurnal variability in fatigue.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Analysis of Variance; Cancer Care Facilities; Caregivers; Chi-Square Distribution; Circadian Rhythm; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors
PubMed: 24012189
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.06.002 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Aug 2006Alterations in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, whether a loss of the nighttime dip or an exaggeration of the early morning increase that occurs upon rising,... (Review)
Review
Alterations in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, whether a loss of the nighttime dip or an exaggeration of the early morning increase that occurs upon rising, indicate increased cardiovascular risk. Estimates of the magnitude of the blood pressure surge on rising vary depending on technique and population, but it is usually around 10-30 mm Hg systolic and 7-23 mm Hg diastolic. The magnitude of the surge increases with age, alcohol consumption, and smoking and is greater in whites. Blood pressure variations and morning plasma aldosterone are closely correlated. A high morning surge is linked to increased target organ damage as well as strokes and other cardiovascular complications. Therapeutic options exist to reduce the magnitude of the morning blood pressure surge-notably, the use of drugs with a long duration of action, the use of medications that specifically antagonize the morning surge (such as alpha blockers), and the administration of drugs upon awakening but before rising.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 16896274
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.04773.x -
Neurology Feb 2023In medical school, students learn to view the world through a biomedical lens. While necessary clinically, this lens can be impersonal. For example, the mental status...
In medical school, students learn to view the world through a biomedical lens. While necessary clinically, this lens can be impersonal. For example, the mental status examination (MSE) evaluates cognitive function through a brief assessment of alertness and orientation to person, place, time, and situation. While clinically useful, the MSE often neglects to capture a person's individuality. Visiting my grandmother who has Alzheimer disease highlighted this tension. I juxtaposed the impersonality of our MSE orientation scale with my grandmother's lived experiences. My grandmother is identified using a pseudonym. Informed consent was obtained from her health care power of attorney and family.Birds twitter and chirp as they flit into the shade,the covered patio a respite from the morning's heat.I sit with Joanna and show her a painting:an apple, red peppers, a garlic clove, and a grapefruitrest on a white napkin.Produce so vibrant the napkin is stainedwith their vivid reflections.The wrinkles around her eyes deepen as she squints at the picture.She always liked to see my artwork.Bright colors illuminate the lines of confusion on her face.Where did you get all this food?We're rationing for the war to stop Hitler.I have evaluated dementia:limited treatment options, behavioral interventions.Cognitive changes alterorientation to self,place, time, situation.Joanna and I sit on the memory care patio.The birdfeeder dances in the humid summer air.I've shared my artwork with Grandma Jofrom crayons' waxy scrawlto crisp acrylic colors.Today a t-shirt replaces my white coat.The war is over, grandma.The produce is from a grocery store.I redirect with another painting.This is a bridge in a park-She smiles: it's New York City, I miss going there.In the middle of Central Park,a cement bridge in a grassy parkspans a wide, still pond.Today, the colors of the bridge,reflected on the water,spark a glimmer of my grandmother.This time she knows the memory is in the past,as she tells me about New York in the Forties.With the beating of sparrow wings,the moment of clarity endsas past and present are blended again.When the sun sinks, my visit will fade.I clutch what happenedoutside, away from the clinical setting.What we cannot quantifywith A&O x1: oriented to self.
Topics: Humans; Female; Alzheimer Disease; Emotions; Brain; New York City
PubMed: 36443014
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201602 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Endosymbionts play important roles in the life cycles of many macro-organisms. The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine is produced by heritable fungi that occurs in...
Endosymbionts play important roles in the life cycles of many macro-organisms. The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine is produced by heritable fungi that occurs in diverse plant families, such as locoweeds (Fabaceae) and morning glories (Convolvulaceae) plus two species of Malvaceae. Swainsonine is known for its toxic effects on livestock following the ingestion of locoweeds and the potential for pharmaceutical applications. We sampled and tested herbarium seed samples ( = 983) from 244 morning glory species for the presence of swainsonine and built a phylogeny based on available internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the sampled species. We show that swainsonine occurs only in a single morning glory clade and host species are established on multiple continents. Our results further indicate that this symbiosis developed ∼5 mya and that swainsonine-positive species have larger seeds than their uninfected conspecifics.
PubMed: 35591984
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871148 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2020The morning is the most troublesome time of day for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association of morning symptoms and COPD...
BACKGROUND
The morning is the most troublesome time of day for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association of morning symptoms and COPD exacerbations in longitudinal follow-up has not been studied. In this study, we mainly aimed to investigate the relationship between morning symptoms and exacerbations over a one-year follow-up period. And the secondary aim was an investigation of the association between morning symptoms and baseline clinical features.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ninety-two patients with stable COPD provided the baseline information. Morning symptoms were assessed with the Chinese version of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Morning Symptom Diary (Ch-COPD-MSD); the median morning symptoms score was used as a cut-off to separate the study cohort in two groups. Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) were used and exacerbation history of the previous year was recorded. Seventy-eight patients (84.8%) completed the longitudinal follow-up of exacerbations.
RESULTS
The median morning symptoms score was 30 in stable COPD patients. Morning symptoms severity was different between COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) groups (<0.001). Patients with high morning symptoms (score > 30) had higher scores of mMRC, CAT, and CCQ (< 0.05). CAT score was an independent risk factor of morning symptoms. During follow-up, 41% of patients experienced ≥1 exacerbation. The frequency of severe exacerbations was higher in patients with high morning symptoms compared to patients with low morning symptoms (<0.005). The Ch-COPD-MSD score could predict future severe exacerbations; the area under the ROC curve was 0.751 (95% CI: 0.633-0.868, =0.002).
CONCLUSION
Worse health status and more dyspnea symptom were associated with increased severity of morning symptoms. Morning symptoms were most strongly related to future severe exacerbations and could predict future exacerbations in patients with COPD.
Topics: Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Forecasting; Health Status; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32848378
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S255030 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Apr 2023Prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) is considered a symptom of inflammatory arthritis, but has a poor discriminative ability. Knowledge about morning stiffness in...
OBJECTIVE
Prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) is considered a symptom of inflammatory arthritis, but has a poor discriminative ability. Knowledge about morning stiffness in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) is lacking. We therefore studied morning stiffness in patients with hand OA.
DESIGN
Patients with primary hand OA according to their treating rheumatologist in the Hand OSTeoArthritis in Secondary care (HOSTAS) cohort were studied. Severity of morning stiffness was examined with Australian/Canadian hand OA index (AUSCAN) and presence and duration of morning stiffness were examined with a standardized questionnaire. Association of patient and disease characteristics with prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) were analyzed with logistic regression.
RESULTS
In total 519 of 538 patients had available data about duration of morning stiffness, of whom 89 (17%) had prolonged morning stiffness. Severity of stiffness was mild in 158 of 525 (30%), intermediate in 194 (37%), severe in 97 (18%) and extreme in 19 (4%) patients. Patients with prolonged morning stiffness reported more pain, worse physical function and had a reduced mental and physical quality of life. Patients with prolonged morning stiffness also had more severe radiographic disease, although the association did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged and severe morning stiffness are frequently present in patients with hand OA. Patients with these symptoms report more pain in general and have a lower quality of life than patients that do not report these symptoms. Prolonged morning stiffness does not preclude a diagnosis of hand OA.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Australia; Canada; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Hand
PubMed: 36403716
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.022 -
Journal of Otology Oct 2022Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.
BACKGROUND
Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.
OBJECTIVE
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity.
METHOD
Based on the 'Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire' given by Horne & Ostberg, the subjects were divided into moderately-morning, intermediate and moderately-evening categories. The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning and evening, and the right ear, left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning and evening for each category.
RESULTS
There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and evening categories, where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and evening-type individuals performed better during the evening. The scores of intermediate individuals remained unchanged between morning and evening test results.
CONCLUSION
Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual's biological clock mechanism. Hence, attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that require sufficient physical and mental efforts. The current study suggests that clinicians and researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results.
PubMed: 36249927
DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2022.06.003