-
Experimental Brain Research Feb 2021We investigated and modeled the temporal evolution of motion sickness in a highly dynamic sickening drive. Slalom maneuvers were performed in a passenger vehicle,...
We investigated and modeled the temporal evolution of motion sickness in a highly dynamic sickening drive. Slalom maneuvers were performed in a passenger vehicle, resulting in lateral accelerations of 0.4 g at 0.2 Hz, to which participants were subjected as passengers for up to 30 min. Subjective motion sickness was recorded throughout the sickening drive using the MISC scale. In addition, physiological and postural responses were evaluated by recording head roll, galvanic skin response (GSR) and electrocardiography (ECG). Experiment 1 compared external vision (normal view through front and side car windows) to internal vision (obscured view through front and side windows). Experiment 2 tested hypersensitivity with a second exposure a few minutes after the first drive and tested repeatability of individuals' sickness responses by measuring these two exposures three times in three successive sessions. An adapted form of Oman's model of nausea was used to quantify sickness development, repeatability, and motion sickness hypersensitivity at an individual level. Internal vision was more sickening compared to external vision with a higher mean MISC (4.2 vs. 2.3), a higher MISC rate (0.59 vs. 0.10 min) and more dropouts (66% vs. 33%) for whom the experiment was terminated due to reaching a MISC level of 7 (moderate nausea). The adapted Oman model successfully captured the development of sickness, with a mean model error, including the decay during rest and hypersensitivity upon further exposure, of 11.3%. Importantly, we note that knowledge of an individuals' previous motion sickness response to sickening stimuli increases individual modeling accuracy by a factor of 2 when compared to group-based modeling, indicating individual repeatability. Head roll did not vary significantly with motion sickness. ECG varied slightly with motion sickness and time. GSR clearly varied with motion sickness, where the tonic and phasic GSR increased 42.5% and 90%, respectively, above baseline at high MISC levels, but GSR also increased in time independent of motion sickness, accompanied with substantial scatter.
Topics: Galvanic Skin Response; Head; Humans; Motion Sickness; Nausea; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 33249541
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05986-6 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Competitive Offshore Ocean Sailing is a highly demanding activity in which subjects are exposed to psychophysical stressors for a long time. To better define the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Competitive Offshore Ocean Sailing is a highly demanding activity in which subjects are exposed to psychophysical stressors for a long time. To better define the physiological adaptations, we investigated the stress response of subjects exposed to 3-days long ocean navigation with disruption of circadian rhythms. 6 male subjects were involved in the study and provided urine and saliva samples before setting sail, during a single day of inshore sailing, during 3-days long ocean navigation, and at the arrival, to measure oxidative stress, cortisol, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and metabolic response. Motion Sickness questionnaires were also administered during the navigation. The crew suffered a mean weight loss of 1.58 kg. After the long navigation, a significant increase in ROS production and decrease in total antioxidant capacity and uric acid levels were observed. Lipid peroxidation, NO metabolites, ketones, creatinine, and neopterin levels were also increased. Furthermore, a significant increase in cortisol levels was measured. Finally, we found a correlation between motion sickness questionnaires with the increase of NOx, and no correlation with cortisol levels. Physical and psychological stress response derived from offshore sailing resulted in increased oxidative stress, nitric oxide metabolites, and cortisol levels, unbalanced redox status, transient renal function impairment, and ketosis. A direct correlation between motion sickness symptoms evaluated through questionnaires and NOx levels was also found.
Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Motion Sickness; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Surveys and Questionnaires; Water Sports
PubMed: 35064225
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05219-6 -
Progress in Neurobiology Aug 2010The brainstem is a structurally complex region, containing numerous ascending and descending fibres that converge on centres that regulate bodily functions essential to... (Review)
Review
The brainstem is a structurally complex region, containing numerous ascending and descending fibres that converge on centres that regulate bodily functions essential to life. Afferent input from the cranial tissues and the special senses is processed, in part, in brainstem nuclei. In addition, brainstem centres modulate the flow of pain messages and other forms of sensory information to higher regions of the brain, and influence the general excitability of these cortical regions. Thus, disruptions in brainstem processing might evoke a complex range of unpleasant symptoms, vegetative changes and neurovascular disturbances and that, together, form attacks of migraine. Migraine is linked with various co-morbid conditions, the most prominent being motion sickness. Symptoms such as nausea, dizziness and headache are common to motion sickness and migraine; moreover, migraine sufferers have a heightened vulnerability to motion sickness. As both maladies involve reflexes that relay in the brainstem, symptoms may share the same neural circuitry. In consequence, subclinical interictal persistence of disturbances in these brainstem pathways could not only increase vulnerability to recurrent attacks of migraine but also increase susceptibility to motion sickness. Mechanisms that mediate symptoms of motion sickness and migraine are explored in this paper. The physiology of motion sickness and migraine is discussed, and neurotransmitters that may be involved in the manifestation of symptoms are reviewed. Recent findings have shed light on the relationship between migraine and motion sickness, and provide insights into the generation of migraine attacks.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypothalamus; Migraine Disorders; Motion Sickness; Serotonin; Vascular Diseases; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 20416353
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.04.001 -
Pharmacology 2013The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological basis, clinical picture and treatment options for motion sickness. Motion sickness is a well-known... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological basis, clinical picture and treatment options for motion sickness. Motion sickness is a well-known nausea and vomiting syndrome in otherwise healthy people. The physical signs of motion sickness occur in both humans and animals during travel by sea, automobile or airplane and in space. Furthermore, some other special situations, such as simulators, the cinema and video games, have been described as causing pseudomotion sickness. Children between 2 and 12 years old are most susceptible to motion sickness, and women are more frequently affected than men. Predisposing factors include menstruation, pregnancy, migraines and possibly a side difference in the mass of otoconia in the vestibular organs. Therapy is directed towards decreasing conflicting sensory input, accelerating the process of adaptation and controlling nausea and vomiting. To control these vegetative symptoms, scopolamine and antihistamines are the most effective drugs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Ear; Humans; Motion Sickness; Neurons; Serotonin Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 23615033
DOI: 10.1159/000350185 -
Experimental Brain Research Jun 2021Previous literature suggests a relationship between individual characteristics of motion perception and the peak frequency of motion sickness sensitivity. Here, we used...
Previous literature suggests a relationship between individual characteristics of motion perception and the peak frequency of motion sickness sensitivity. Here, we used well-established paradigms to relate motion perception and motion sickness on an individual level. We recruited 23 participants to complete a two-part experiment. In the first part, we determined individual velocity storage time constants from perceived rotation in response to Earth Vertical Axis Rotation (EVAR) and subjective vertical time constants from perceived tilt in response to centrifugation. The cross-over frequency for resolution of the gravito-inertial ambiguity was derived from our data using the Multi Sensory Observer Model (MSOM). In the second part of the experiment, we determined individual motion sickness frequency responses. Participants were exposed to 30-minute sinusoidal fore-aft motions at frequencies of 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Hz, with a peak amplitude of 2 m/s in five separate sessions, approximately 1 week apart. Sickness responses were recorded using both the MIsery SCale (MISC) with 30 s intervals, and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) at the end of the motion exposure. The average velocity storage and subjective vertical time constants were 17.2 s (STD = 6.8 s) and 9.2 s (STD = 7.17 s). The average cross-over frequency was 0.21 Hz (STD = 0.10 Hz). At the group level, there was no significant effect of frequency on motion sickness. However, considerable individual variability was observed in frequency sensitivities, with some participants being particularly sensitive to the lowest frequencies, whereas others were most sensitive to intermediate or higher frequencies. The frequency of peak sensitivity did not correlate with the velocity storage time constant (r = 0.32, p = 0.26) or the subjective vertical time constant (r = - 0.37, p = 0.29). Our prediction of a significant correlation between cross-over frequency and frequency sensitivity was not confirmed (r = 0.26, p = 0.44). However, we did observe a strong positive correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and general motion sickness sensitivity (r = 0.74, p = 0.0006). We conclude that frequency sensitivity is best considered a property unique to the individual. This has important consequences for existing models of motion sickness, which were fitted to group averaged sensitivities. The correlation between the subjective vertical time constant and motion sickness sensitivity supports the importance of verticality perception during exposure to translational sickness stimuli.
Topics: Humans; Motion; Motion Perception; Motion Sickness; Rotation; Space Perception
PubMed: 33779793
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06093-w -
Experimental Brain Research Dec 2022Driving simulators are an increasingly important tool to develop vehicle functionalities and to study driver or passenger responses. A major hindrance to the use and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Driving simulators are an increasingly important tool to develop vehicle functionalities and to study driver or passenger responses. A major hindrance to the use and validity of such studies is Simulator Sickness (SS). Several studies have suggested a positive relation between improvements in simulator fidelity and the likelihood of sickness. We hypothesized that this relation only holds true for static (fixed-base) simulators, and that increased fidelity in fact reduces simulator sickness in dynamic (moving-base) simulators. We performed a meta-analysis investigating the relation between sickness and fidelity in static and dynamic systems. A literature search yielded a total of 41 simulator studies that varied aspects of mechanical and/or visual fidelity and assessed SS for the same driving conditions and the same or equivalent participant groups. Evaluation of a model synthesizing the findings of these studies indicates that SS decreases with visual fidelity, and suggests that this effect may be negated for static simulators. The results of the modeling efforts thereby provide some support for the hypothesis that increased fidelity can reduce SS in dynamic simulators. Based on the evaluation of the literature we also note particular shortcomings and gaps in available research. Finally, we make recommendations for specific experiments that may fill these gaps and allow definitive conclusions on the role of simulator fidelity in SS.
Topics: Humans; Motion Sickness; Computer Simulation; Automobile Driving
PubMed: 36260094
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06485-6 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022As human transportation, recreation, and production methods change, the impact of motion sickness (MS) on humans is becoming more prominent. The susceptibility of people...
BACKGROUND
As human transportation, recreation, and production methods change, the impact of motion sickness (MS) on humans is becoming more prominent. The susceptibility of people to MS can be accurately assessed, which will allow ordinary people to choose comfortable transportation and entertainment and prevent people susceptible to MS from entering provocative environments. This is valuable for maintaining public health and the safety of tasks.
OBJECTIVE
To develop an objective multi-dimensional MS susceptibility assessment model based on physiological indicators that objectively reflect the severity of MS and provide a reference for improving the existing MS susceptibility assessment methods.
METHODS
MS was induced in 51 participants using the Coriolis acceleration stimulation. Some portable equipment were used to digitize the typical clinical manifestations of MS and explore the correlations between them and Graybiel's diagnostic criteria. Based on significant objective parameters and selected machine learning (ML) algorithms, several MS susceptibility assessment models were developed, and their performances were compared.
RESULTS
Gastric electrical activity, facial skin color, skin temperature, and nystagmus are related to the severity of MS. Among the ML assessment models based on these variables, the support vector machine classifier had the best performance with an accuracy of 88.24%, sensitivity of 91.43%, and specificity of 81.25%.
CONCLUSION
The severity of symptoms and signs of MS can be objectively quantified using some indicators. Multi-dimensional and objective assessment models for MS susceptibility based on ML can be successfully established.
PubMed: 35432161
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.824670 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Sep 2020To determine the relationship between vestibular migraine (VM) and motion sickness (MoS) susceptibility and their comorbidity in a large student population, and to...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between vestibular migraine (VM) and motion sickness (MoS) susceptibility and their comorbidity in a large student population, and to assess whether experiencing MoS is associated with higher susceptibility for VM.
METHODS
Surveys including Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ) and questions assessing migraine-related symptoms as well as family history of motion sickness and migraine headache were distributed to the university undergraduate students through Facebook and email. Diagnosis of definite VM (dVM) was based on the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
RESULTS
Of 277 survey responders, 148 (53%) were found to be susceptible to MoS in which 74 (50%) met the criteria for dVM. Only childhood MSSQ score was significantly higher in participants with dVM compared with those without dVM (25.78 ± 15.89 versus 20.77 ± 14.28, p = 0.04); however, its significance faded out by regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression showed having 1st degree relative with migraine headache (p = 0.02), neck stiffness (p = 0.001), and sinus pain, facial pressure, or headache with wind exposure (p = 0.02) to be independently associated with presence of dVM in MoS subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
Though participants with MoS and dVM had significantly greater rates of migraine-related symptoms and family history of migraine headache compared with those with MoS only, childhood and adulthood MSSQ scores were similar. This and the high prevalence of dVM in our MoS cohort may suggest an existing association between MoS susceptibility and VM.
Topics: Adult; Child; Headache; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Motion Sickness; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vertigo
PubMed: 32501936
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002705 -
Journal of Neurology Apr 2016The two most common vestibular disorders are motion sickness and vestibular migraine, affecting 30 and 1-2% of the population respectively. Both are related to migraine... (Review)
Review
The two most common vestibular disorders are motion sickness and vestibular migraine, affecting 30 and 1-2% of the population respectively. Both are related to migraine and show a familial trend. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction is a rare condition, and some of patients also present cerebellar ataxia and neuropathy. We present recent advances in the genetics of vestibular disorders with familial aggregation. The clinical heterogeneity observed in different relatives of the same families suggests a variable penetrance and the interaction of several genes in each family. Some Mendelian sensorineural hearing loss also exhibits vestibular dysfunction, including DFNA9, DFNA11, DFNA15 and DFNA28. However, the most relevant finding during the past years is the familial clustering observed in Meniere's disease. By using whole exome sequencing and combining bioinformatics tools, novel variants in DTNA and FAM136A genes have been identified in familial Meniere's disease, and this genomic strategy will facilitate the discovery of the genetic basis of familial vestibular disorders.
Topics: Computational Biology; DNA-Binding Proteins; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Mitochondrial Proteins; Myosin VIIa; Myosins; Transcription Factor Brn-3C; Transcription Factors; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 27083884
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7988-9 -
Journal of Athletic Training Sep 2019High school athletes with a history of motion sickness susceptibility exhibit higher baseline vestibular and ocular-motor scores than those without a history of motion...
CONTEXT
High school athletes with a history of motion sickness susceptibility exhibit higher baseline vestibular and ocular-motor scores than those without a history of motion sickness susceptibility.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of motion sickness susceptibility on baseline vestibular and ocular-motor functioning, neurocognitive performance, and symptom scores.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Preseason concussion testing.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of high school athletes (N = 308, age = 15.13 ± 1.21 years) involved in a variety of sports.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening, computerized neurocognitive assessment, symptom scale, and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire-Short Form (MSSQ-S).
RESULTS
Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on a median split of the scores (eg, NONE, LOW, and HIGH). The LOW (n = 95) and HIGH (n = 92) groups (ie, MSSQ-S score > 0) were 2.64 times more likely (χ = 7.94, = .01, 95% confidence interval = 1.32, 5.26) to have baseline Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening scores larger than the clinical cutoffs for the NONE group (n = 70). No between-groups main effects were present for the NONE (n = 52), LOW (n 89), and HIGH (n 90) MSSQ-S groups for verbal ( = .09, .91, η = .001) and visual ( = .15, .86, η = .001) memory, processing speed ( = .78, .46, η = .007), or reaction time ( = 2.21, .11, η = .002). The HIGH group exhibited higher total baseline symptom scores than the LOW ( 3325.50, = -1.99, .05, .15) and NONE ( 1647.50, = -2.83, .005, .24) groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Motion sickness should be considered a preexisting risk factor that might influence specific domains of the baseline concussion assessment and postinjury management.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Brain Concussion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye Movements; Female; Humans; Male; Motion Perception; Motion Sickness; Neuropsychological Tests; Reaction Time; Risk Factors; Vestibular Function Tests
PubMed: 31454287
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-347-18