-
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2024Children with motor delays are at increased risk for delayed means-end problem-solving (MEPS) performance.
BACKGROUND
Children with motor delays are at increased risk for delayed means-end problem-solving (MEPS) performance.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate children with motor delays: 1) the impact of motor delay severity and MEPS mastery timing on developmental trajectories of MEPS; and 2) the effectiveness of Sitting Together And Reaching To Play (START-Play) intervention for improving MEPS.
METHODS
This represents a secondary analysis from a multi-site randomized controlled trial, with blinded assessors and prospective registration. Children with mild or significant motor delays (n = 112, mean age=10.80, SD=2.59 months at baseline) were randomly assigned to START-Play or usual care early intervention (UC-EI) and assessed at five visits across one year using the Means-End Problem-Solving Assessment Tool that included three 30-second MEPS trials per visit. Task mastery occurred at the first visit the child achieved the highest level of performance in at least two of the three trials. Multilevel analyses evaluated trajectories of MEPS outcomes dependent upon the timing of MEPS mastery, motor delay severity, and intervention group.
RESULTS
At baseline, children with mild motor delays demonstrated better MEPS than children with significant delays, but this difference was only observed for children who achieved mastery late. Children with significant delays demonstrated greater improvements in MEPS in the post-intervention phase compared to children with mild delays. No MEPS differences were found between START-Play and UC-EI.
CONCLUSION
Motor delay severity and timing of task mastery impacted MEPS trajectories, whereas START-Play intervention did not impact MEPS for children with motor delays.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY IDENTIFIER
NCT02593825 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02593825).
Topics: Child; Humans; Early Intervention, Educational; Motor Skills Disorders; Problem Solving; Prospective Studies; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38359542
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.100590 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Feb 2021To program a goal-directed response in the presence of acoustic reflections, the audio-motor system should suppress the detection of time-delayed sources. We examined...
To program a goal-directed response in the presence of acoustic reflections, the audio-motor system should suppress the detection of time-delayed sources. We examined the effects of spatial separation and interstimulus delay on the ability of human listeners to localize a pair of broadband sounds in the horizontal plane. Participants indicated how many sounds were heard and where these were perceived by making one or two head-orienting localization responses. Results suggest that perceptual fusion of the two sounds depends on delay and spatial separation. Leading and lagging stimuli in close spatial proximity required longer stimulus delays to be perceptually separated than those further apart. Whenever participants heard one sound, their localization responses for synchronous sounds were oriented to a weighted average of both source locations. For short delays, responses were directed toward the leading stimulus location. Increasing spatial separation enhanced this effect. For longer delays, responses were again directed toward a weighted average. When participants perceived two sounds, the first and the second response were directed to either of the leading and lagging source locations. Perceived locations were interchanged often in their temporal order (in ∼40% of trials). We show that the percept of two sounds occurring requires sufficient spatiotemporal separation, after which localization can be performed with high accuracy. We propose that the percept of temporal order of two concurrent sounds results from a different process than localization and discuss how dynamic lateral excitatory-inhibitory interactions within a spatial sensorimotor map could explain the findings. Sound localization requires spectral and temporal processing of implicit acoustic cues, and is seriously challenged when multiple sources coincide closely in space and time. We systematically varied spatial-temporal disparities for two sounds and instructed listeners to generate goal-directed head movements. We found that even when the auditory system has accurate representations of both sources, it still has trouble to decide whether the scene contained one or two sounds, and in which order they appeared.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cues; Female; Head Movements; Humans; Male; Sound Localization; Spatial Behavior
PubMed: 33378250
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00184.2020 -
Pediatric Health, Medicine and... 2022Stimulating care during childhood is the foundation for optimal health, learning, productivity, and social well-being throughout the life course. In addition,...
BACKGROUND
Stimulating care during childhood is the foundation for optimal health, learning, productivity, and social well-being throughout the life course. In addition, malnutrition is a major public health concern affecting up to half of children under-five years in Ethiopia. However, evidence on the causal contribution of malnutrition to delay in child development is poorly understood in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the relationship between different forms of malnutrition and delay in child development among children in Southwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based survey was conducted among 507 randomly selected mother-child pairs in the Guraghe Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. A pretested tool and validated anthropometric measurements were used. Anthropometric indices (WFH, WFA, and HFA) were calculated in Anthros software. The data were summarized in mean, median, standard deviation, tables and charts. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression (stepwise backward regression) models were fitted with nutritional status (wasting, stunting and underweight) and other potential factors associated with delay in child developmental. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-values were reported.
RESULTS
A total of 507 mother-child (12-59 months) pairs were included in the survey (97% response rate). The mean ASQ-3 score was 150 (± 23.4), with a minimum and maximum score of 45 and 270, respectively. A total of 149 (29.4%; 95% CI: 25.4-33.4) children had developmental delays, where 17.2%, 16.8%, 13.4%, 10.8%, and 10.1% had delays in gross motor, communication, problem-solving, personal-social, and fine motor skills, respectively. Children of working mothers (AOR=2.9; 1.8, 4.8), preterm births (AOR=3.2; 1.4, 7.0), early initiation of complementary feeding (AOR=2.5; 1.37, 4.6), stunting (AOR=3.0; 1.9, 4.7), underweight (AOR= 2.3; 1.1, 4.7) and low dietary diversity score (AOR=3.1; 1.3, 7.5), were predictors of developmental delay.
CONCLUSION
Child development delay is a public health concern and it is strongly associated with stunting, underweight, undiversified dietary consumption, and suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices.
PubMed: 35046749
DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S344715 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Bacterial type 4 pili (T4P) are extracellular polymers that serve both as adhesins and molecular motors. Functionally, they are involved in adhesion, colony formation,...
Bacterial type 4 pili (T4P) are extracellular polymers that serve both as adhesins and molecular motors. Functionally, they are involved in adhesion, colony formation, twitching motility, and horizontal gene transfer. T4P of the human pathogen have been shown to enhance survivability under treatment with antibiotics or hydrogen peroxide. However, little is known about the effect of external stresses on T4P production and motor properties. Here, we address this question by directly visualizing gonococcal T4P dynamics. We show that in the absence of stress gonococci produce T4P at a remarkably high rate of ∼200 T4P min. T4P retraction succeeds elongation without detectable time delay. Treatment with azithromycin or ceftriaxone reduces the T4P production rate. RNA sequencing results suggest that reduced piliation is caused by combined downregulation of the complexes required for T4P extrusion from the cell envelope and cellular energy depletion. Various other stresses including inhibitors of cell wall synthesis and DNA replication, as well as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, inhibit T4P production. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide and acidic pH strongly affect pilus length and motor function. In summary, we show that gonococcal T4P are highly dynamic and diverse external stresses reduce piliation despite the protective effect of T4P against some of these stresses.
PubMed: 35283813
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.839711 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Oct 2020Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disease with limited treatment options. The diagnosis of ALS can be challenging for... (Review)
Review
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disease with limited treatment options. The diagnosis of ALS can be challenging for numerous reasons, resulting in delays that may compromise optimal management and enrollment into clinical trials. Several studies have examined the process and challenges regarding the clinical diagnosis of ALS. Twenty-one studies that were almost exclusively from the English literature published between 1990 and 2020 were identified via PubMed using relevant search terms and included patient populations from the United States, Canada, Japan, Egypt, and several countries in South America and Europe. Probable or definitive ALS patients were identified using El Escorial or revised El Escorial/Airlie House Criteria. Time to diagnosis or diagnostic delay was defined as mean or median time from patient-reported first symptom onset to formal diagnosis by a physician, as recorded in medical records. The typical time to diagnosis was 10-16 months from symptom onset. Several points of delay in the diagnosis course were identified, including specialist referrals and misdiagnoses, often resulting in unnecessary procedures and surgeries. Bulbar onset was noted to significantly reduce time to ALS diagnosis. Future interventions and potential research opportunities were reviewed.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Canada; Delayed Diagnosis; Egypt; Europe; Humans; Japan
PubMed: 32763509
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117054 -
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Feb 2017To investigate motor and cognitive developmental profiles and to evaluate the correlation between two developmental areas and assess the influencing factors of the...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate motor and cognitive developmental profiles and to evaluate the correlation between two developmental areas and assess the influencing factors of the developmental process in children with Down syndrome (DS).
METHODS
Seventy-eight children with DS participated in this study. The medical history was taken and motoric milestone achievements recorded. The Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (K-WPPSI) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) were administered. Subjects were divided into severe motor delay group (severe group) and typical motor delay group (typical group).
RESULTS
Children with DS follow the same sequence of motor development and generally displayed double times of acquisition of developmental milestones compared with healthy children. Furthermore, having surgery for associated complications showed negative influence to the motor development. Almost of all children with DS showed moderate degree of intellectual disability and motor and cognitive development do not seem to correlate one another.
CONCLUSION
Surgery of associated complications can be negatively related to motor development. However, early motor development did not have any significant effects on the achievement of later cognitive functioning.
PubMed: 28289641
DOI: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.1.97 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2016To describe the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT), an infant neuromotor test using Canadian norms published in 2010 that could be used to screen for motor delay... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To describe the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT), an infant neuromotor test using Canadian norms published in 2010 that could be used to screen for motor delay during the first year of life.
QUALITY OF EVIDENCE
Extensive research has been published on the intrarater, interrater, and test-retest reliability and the content, concurrent, predictive, and known-groups validity of the HINT, as well as on the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of parental concerns, as assessed by the HINT. Most evidence is level II.
MAIN MESSAGE
Diagnosing motor delays during the first year of life is important because these often indicate more generalized developmental delays or specific disabilities, such as cerebral palsy. Parental concerns about their children's motor development are strongly predictive of subsequent diagnoses involving motor delay.
CONCLUSION
Only through early identification of developmental motor delays, initially with screening tools such as the HINT, is it possible to provide referrals for early intervention that could benefit both the infant and the family.
Topics: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Infant; Mass Screening; Motor Disorders; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 27521388
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Managed Care Dec 2000In current practice, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is often delayed for several years after the initial onset of symptoms. Earlier diagnosis is desirable for... (Review)
Review
In current practice, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is often delayed for several years after the initial onset of symptoms. Earlier diagnosis is desirable for several reasons. It allows the patient, family, and clinician to plan more effectively for the future, reduces the likelihood of catastrophic events such as motor vehicle accidents, and permits more effective administration of medications to delay symptom progression. Early detection of dementia can improve the quality of life for the patient and the caregiver and ultimately reduce total care expenditures by delaying the time to nursing home admission and other costly outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Cognition Disorders; Cost Savings; Disease Progression; Health Expenditures; Humans; Quality of Life; United States
PubMed: 11142176
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Oct 2017To assess the well-being of preterm newborns using the Bayley-III scales in a Korean-based population, and to evaluate the perinatal risk factors influencing...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the well-being of preterm newborns using the Bayley-III scales in a Korean-based population, and to evaluate the perinatal risk factors influencing developmental outcome.
METHODS
Using the Bayley-III scales, we assessed 120 preterm infants who were referred for evaluation of neurodevelopmental performance. We subdivided them into an extremely preterm group (n=18) and a very/moderate to late preterm group (n=102). Bayley-III mean scores and the rate of infants showing a delay were compared for both groups. The relationship between perinatal risk factors and Bayley-III scores was analyzed. The risk factors were considered as very low birth weight, history of neonatal medical problems, and abnormal radiologic findings in brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs).
RESULTS
Although no significant differences in mean scores were observed between the extremely preterm group and the very/moderate to late preterm group, the rate of babies showing developmental delay in motor composite scores was significantly higher in the extremely preterm group. The proportions of preterm infants with cognitive, language, and motor delays were 38.3%, 26.7%, and 35.0%, respectively. Very low birth weight was a significant risk factor for low cognitive, language, and motor composite scores. Also, abnormal radiologic findings on brain MRI were significant indicators of lower motor composite scores.
CONCLUSION
Cognitive development was the most frequently delayed domain in preterm infants and motor development was more frequently delayed in the extremely preterm group. The very low birth weight and abnormal radiologic findings in brain MRI were predictive factors for neurodevelopmental outcome.
PubMed: 29201824
DOI: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.5.843 -
PloS One 2018Mechanical and electrical noise stimulation to the body is known to improve the sensorimotor system. This improvement is related to stochastic resonance (SR), a...
Mechanical and electrical noise stimulation to the body is known to improve the sensorimotor system. This improvement is related to stochastic resonance (SR), a phenomenon described as a "noise benefit" to various sensory and motor systems. The current study investigated the influence of SR on visuomotor temporal integration and hand motor function under delayed visual feedback in healthy young adults. The purpose of this study was to measure the usefulness of SR as a neurorehabilitation device for disorders of visuomotor temporal integration. Thirty healthy volunteers underwent detection tasks and hand motor function tests under delayed visual feedback, with or without SR. Of the 30 participants, 15 carried out the tasks under delayed visual feedback in the order of SR on-condition, off-condition, off-condition, and on-condition. The remaining 15 participants conducted the experimental tasks in the order of SR off-condition, on-condition, on-condition, and off-condition. Comparisons of the delay detection threshold (DDT), steepness of the delay detection probability curves, box and block test (BBT) scores, and nine-hole peg test (NHPT) scores between the SR on- and off-conditions were performed. The DDT under the SR on-condition was significantly shortened compared with the SR off-condition. There was no significant difference between the SR on- and off-conditions for the steepness of the delay detection probability curves, BBT scores, and NHPT scores. SR improved visuomotor temporal integration in healthy young adults, and may therefore improve movement disorders in patients with impaired visuomotor temporal integration. However, because the current results showed that SR did not improve hand motor function under delayed visual feedback, it may not improve motor function when a large distortion of visuomotor temporal integration is present. Further studies are required considering several limitations of the current study, and future clinical trials are necessary to verify the effects of motor training using SR for the treatment of visuomotor temporal integration disorders.
Topics: Feedback, Sensory; Female; Hand; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Movement Disorders; Psychomotor Performance; Stochastic Processes; Vibration; Young Adult
PubMed: 30550570
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209382