-
Der Radiologe Nov 2020Oral cavity malignancies are the most common tumors in the field of ear, nose and throat medicine or otorhinolaryngology worldwide. It comprises a heterogeneous group... (Review)
Review
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE
Oral cavity malignancies are the most common tumors in the field of ear, nose and throat medicine or otorhinolaryngology worldwide. It comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors, the knowledge of which is necessary to meet the different requirements of diagnostics and therapy.
STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS
Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sonography (US), nuclear medical procedures (NUK).
PERFORMANCE
The above-mentioned diagnostics are used in a complementary manner.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Early diagnosis of the tumor improves staging and thus the patient's therapy and prognosis.
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
The radiologist plays an important role in the interdisciplinary treatment of malignant tumors of the oral cavity. Despite great progress in radiotherapy, oncology and immunotherapy, surgery still plays an important role in the treatment of malignant diseases of the oral cavity.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33025131
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00756-5 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2013Recent technological advances now permit the study of the entire cancer genome, which can elucidate complex pathway interactions that are not apparent at the level of... (Review)
Review
Recent technological advances now permit the study of the entire cancer genome, which can elucidate complex pathway interactions that are not apparent at the level of single genes. In this review, the authors describe innovations that have allowed for whole-exome/genome analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations and of changes in gene expression. Studies using next-generation sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, methylation arrays, and gene expression profiling are reviewed, with a particular focus on findings from recent whole-exome sequencing projects. A discussion of the implications of these data on treatment and future goals for cancer genomics is included.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Genes, Neoplasm; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutation; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 23910469
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2018It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid... (Review)
Review
It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid epithelial cancer, the first step during the process of metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into the underlying stroma, breaching the basement membrane (BM)-the natural barrier between epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability to invade and metastasize is a key hallmark of cancer progression, and the most complicated and least understood. These topics continue to be very active fields of cancer research. A number of processes, factors, and signaling pathways are involved in regulating invasion and metastasis. However, appropriate clinical trials for anti-cancer drugs targeting the invasion of OSCC are incomplete. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on invasion-related factors and emerging molecular determinants which can be used as potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Adhesion; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MicroRNAs; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 29758011
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051462 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Different efforts have been made to find better and less invasive methods for the diagnosis and prediction of oral cancer, such as the study of saliva as a source of... (Review)
Review
Different efforts have been made to find better and less invasive methods for the diagnosis and prediction of oral cancer, such as the study of saliva as a source of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review about salivary molecules that have been assessed as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A search was conducted using EBSCO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. The research question was as follows: which molecules present in saliva have utility to be used as biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer? Sixty-two studies were included. Over 100 molecules were assessed. Most of the markers were oriented towards the early diagnosis of OSCC and were classified based on their ability for detecting OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), OSCC outcome prediction, and the prediction of the malignant transformation of OPMDs. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 were the most studied, with almost all studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity values. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 are the most promising salivary biomarkers. However, more studies with larger cohorts are needed before translating the use of these biomarkers to clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Biomarkers, Tumor; Interleukin-8; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Biomarkers; Precancerous Conditions; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Saliva; Interleukin-1beta; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 38473882
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052634 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) May 2007Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of SCC present... (Review)
Review
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of SCC present morphologic features and specific behaviour when they occur in the oral mucosa. For example, basaloid SCC is an aggressive tumour and verrucous carcinoma has the lowest invasive and metastatic potential; however, the clinical and biologic course of these oral SCC variants has not been completely established. Furthermore, although numerous clinical and histologic features associated with oral SCC have been identified, none shows unequivocal prognostic significance. The purpose of this article is to review the various subtypes of oral SCC, emphasizing problems in their histologic diagnosis and prognosis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Verrucous; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 17484800
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Apr 2018The quantity of tissue removed during an oncologic surgical procedure is not standardized and there are numerous reports of local recurrence despite histologically... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The quantity of tissue removed during an oncologic surgical procedure is not standardized and there are numerous reports of local recurrence despite histologically adequate resection margins. The oral cavity is one of the sites in the head and neck with high chances of recurrence following negative margins. To address this need, this article reviews the recent applications of Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging (DOCI) towards both oral screening and the intraoperative evaluation of tumor margins in head and neck surgery.
RECENT FINDINGS
Human ex-vivo and in-vivo trials suggest DOCI is well tolerated, low-cost, and sensitive for differentiating cancerous from normal tissues throughout the head and neck, in addition to the oral cavity. Ex-vivo imaging of OSCC specimens generated histologically verified image contrast. Furthermore, in-vivo intraoperative results demonstrate significant potential for image-guided detection and resection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
SUMMARY
DOCI augments tissue contrast and may enable surgeons to clinically screen patients for oral cancer, make histologic evaluations in vivo with fewer unnecessary biopsies, delineate clinical margins for tumor resection, provide guidance in the choice of biopsy sites, and preserve healthy tissue to increase the postoperative functionality and quality of life of the patient.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Contrast Media; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Male; Margins of Excision; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Optical Imaging; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29517537
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000444 -
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Oct 2013The aim of the present study is to review the recurrence patterns and incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who... (Review)
Review
The aim of the present study is to review the recurrence patterns and incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who underwent surgery alone without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Data on patients recorded in the head and neck cancer registry of Cathay General Hospital were reviewed. A total of 72 patients with T1-3N0 OSCC who underwent surgery alone were included. Among the 72 patients, 44 had T1 tumors, 22 had T2 tumors, and 6 had T3 tumors. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 77.3%, the recurrence-free survival rate was 74.1%, and the SPT-free survival rate was 73%. Eighteen (25%) patients had disease recurrence (regional recurrence in nine patients, local recurrence in seven patients, and locoregional recurrence in two patients). Most patients with local recurrence alone (6/7 patients, 85.7%) could be salvaged with treatment. However, locoregional control was obtained in only five (45.5%) of 11 patients with neck recurrence after surgical salvage therapy. At the time of analysis, 20 patients developed SPTs, and 15 (75%) of the SPTs were in the oral cavity. The annual incidence of SPT was 5%. Neck recurrence and SPT were associated with 48.4% and 24.4% lower 5-year OS rates, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that neck recurrence was a significant risk factor for low OS (p = 0.008). Neck recurrence was the most important prognostic factor for OS. The incidence of SPT development was high. Regular and long-term monitoring for recurrence and development of SPTs is necessary to improve the survival rate.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 24099110
DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.03.001 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Nov 2002The diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma are currently based on histopathologic features, site of involvement and stage of... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma are currently based on histopathologic features, site of involvement and stage of disease. Recent advances in techniques for detecting lesions and predicting their progression or recurrence are reviewed here. Adjuncts for detection of lesions and selection of biopsy sites include vital tissue staining (with toluidine blue) and exfoliative cytology. Advances in diagnosis and staging at the molecular level are expected to affect choice of treatment and patient outcomes. Oral health care providers should be aware of these advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; Coloring Agents; DNA, Neoplasm; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Loss of Heterozygosity; Microsatellite Repeats; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Precancerous Conditions; Tolonium Chloride
PubMed: 12410942
DOI: No ID Found -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2019Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder driven by Esptein-Barr virus (EBV) that most commonly affects the lungs, although extra...
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder driven by Esptein-Barr virus (EBV) that most commonly affects the lungs, although extra pulmonary sites like the central nervous system, skin, liver and kidney can also be involved. It is microscopically characterized by an angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern, predominantly composed by small T-cells, although a smaller population of atypical large B-cells is considered the true neoplastic component. Oral cavity involvement of LYG has rarely been described and the diagnosis of this neoplasm is very difficult. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of LYG affecting an 86-year-old female patient that was diagnosed due to an extensive, ulcerated and painful oral lesion affecting the hard palate. Detailed microscopic evaluation together with a large immunohistochemical study were necessary to achieve the correct diagnosis of LYG.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 29542064
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0910-x -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Jul 2006Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a remarkable incidence worldwide and a fairly onerous prognosis, encouraging further research on factors that might modify disease... (Review)
Review
Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a remarkable incidence worldwide and a fairly onerous prognosis, encouraging further research on factors that might modify disease outcome. In this review article, the authors approach the factors that may exert influence on the prognosis and eventually guide the selection of patients for more aggressive therapies. Published scientific data was collected, selected, and grouped into 3 main clusters: patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. Well established aspects are discussed, but also those less common or with only supposed usefulness. Disease staging, extracapsular dissemination, resection margin free of disease, and tumor thickness are factors with high influence on the prognosis. There has been an increasing interest in the study of tumor molecular factors, and some have been strongly correlated with the outcome, showing promising pathways for the future development of more effective prognosis systems and anticancer therapies.
Topics: Age Factors; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasm, Residual; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Papillomaviridae; Prognosis; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 16831675
DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.038