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Seminars in Immunology May 2015Inflammatory diseases in mucosal organs as diverse as the lung, liver and intestine inevitably require the intimate interactions between neutrophils and epithelia. The... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory diseases in mucosal organs as diverse as the lung, liver and intestine inevitably require the intimate interactions between neutrophils and epithelia. The physiologic consequences of such interactions often determine endpoint organ function, and for this reason, much recent interest has developed in identifying mechanisms and novel targets to promote the resolution of mucosal inflammation. Physiologically-relevant in vitro and in vivo model systems have aided in discovery of novel pathways to define basic inflammatory mechanisms and approaches to defining the concepts of inflammatory resolution. Here, we will review the recent literature regarding the contribution of neutrophils to inflammatory resolution, with an emphasis on the role of the tissue microenvironment, endogenous pathways for promoting resolution and the molecular determinants of neutrophil-epithelial cell interactions during ongoing inflammation. These recent studies highlight the dynamic nature of pro-resolving pathways and lend insight into the complexity of treating mucosal inflammation.
Topics: Cell Communication; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Movement; Cellular Microenvironment; Epithelial Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Mucous Membrane; Neutrophils; Oxygen Consumption; Purine Nucleosides
PubMed: 25818531
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.007 -
Neurourology and Urodynamics Jan 2014The bladder mucosa consists of the urothelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria (LP). Although the urothelium has been given much attention, it may be regarded as... (Review)
Review
The bladder mucosa consists of the urothelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria (LP). Although the urothelium has been given much attention, it may be regarded as one part of a signaling system involving another equally important component of the bladder mucosa, namely, the LP. The LP lies between the basement membrane of the mucosa and the detrusor muscle and is composed of an extracellular matrix containing several types of cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, interstitial cells, and afferent and efferent nerve endings. In addition, the LP contains a rich vascular network, lymphatic vessels, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle fascicles (muscularis mucosae). The roles of the LP and its components in bladder function have not been definitively established, though it has been suggested to be the capacitance layer of the bladder, determining bladder compliance and enabling adaptive changes to increasing volumes. However, the bladder LP may also serve as a communication center, with an important integrative role in signal transduction to the central nervous system (nociception, mechanosensation). The LP may also, by means of its different components, make it possible for the urothelium to transmit information to other components of the bladder wall, contributing to activation of the detrusor muscle. In addition, the LP may serve as a source for production of factors influencing the growth of both the overlying urothelium and the underlying detrusor muscle.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Interstitial Cells of Cajal; Lymphatic Vessels; Mucous Membrane; Myofibroblasts; Signal Transduction; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 23847015
DOI: 10.1002/nau.22465 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2024A healthy lid-wiper is an important component of a healthy ocular surface. Any abnormality or irregularity of the lid wiper can potentially damage a relatively healthy...
BACKGROUND
A healthy lid-wiper is an important component of a healthy ocular surface. Any abnormality or irregularity of the lid wiper can potentially damage a relatively healthy ocular surface. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid are some of the examples that can result in lid-margin keratinization during the course of the disease. These permanent changes at the lid margin mechanically abrade the corneal surface and facilitate corneal neovascularization. The corneal clarity is lost over time, and the patients have corneal blindness.
PURPOSE
This video discusses the role of a healthy lid-wiper, conditions causing lid-margin keratinization and subsequent lid-wiper keratopathy, and surgical technique in mucous membrane grafting.
SYNOPSIS
The video demonstrates the technique of restoration of a healthy lid margin by doing a mucous membrane graft for lid-margin keratinization and its role in the prevention of corneal blindness.
HIGHLIGHTS
Lid-margin keratinization is essentially a chronic sequela and is often ignored till irreversible corneal changes develop. Early intervention in the form of mucous membrane grafting can prevent corneal vascularization and loss of corneal clarity.
VIDEO LINK
https://youtu.be/NGMlqUp_qLU.
Topics: Humans; Corneal Diseases; Mucous Membrane; Eyelids; Eyelid Diseases; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Cornea
PubMed: 38804806
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2051_23 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020
Topics: Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunity, Mucosal; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Mucous Membrane; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32849584
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01679 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Dec 2020Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by scarring lesions at mucosal sites. Although the pathogenic role of specific IgG and/or IgA has...
BACKGROUND
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by scarring lesions at mucosal sites. Although the pathogenic role of specific IgG and/or IgA has been already demonstrated and the detection of these immunoglobulins is a criterion in the diagnosis of MMP, little is known about IgE role in this disease. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the presence of circulating and tissue bound IgE in patients with MMP and their possible correlations with clinical presentation and disease course.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study on 29 patients affected by MMP, recruited from a single center. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies were assessed to analyze the presence of specific IgE directed against the basal membrane zone. For each patient, fluorescence data were compared to clinical features.
RESULTS
Linear deposits of C3, IgG and IgA were present in 86.2%, 62% and 37.9% of cases respectively, while IgE linear deposits were detected in 17 out of 29 patients (58.6%) including one case with isolated IgE positivity. Circulating IgE and IgA anti-BMZ were present in 7 (24.1%) and 5 (17.2%) patients, respectively. Both the presence of circulating IgA and of tissue bound IgE deposits correlated with disease activity index (P<0.014).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrated the presence of IgE autoantibodies in MMP, particularly in more severe cases. Thus, IgE detection may represent an additional useful diagnostic tool in this disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantibodies; Complement C3; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Organ Specificity; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 30298707
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06167-9 -
Cytokine Oct 2021Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) is an understudied member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. Its synthesis is induced by both cytokines and pathogenic stimuli in a variety of... (Review)
Review
Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) is an understudied member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. Its synthesis is induced by both cytokines and pathogenic stimuli in a variety of cell types, most often expressed at mucosal and barrier surfaces. IL-17C expression is dysregulated in a variety of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, yet it is protective against bacterial infections of the gut, skin, and lungs. In this review we highlight studies on IL-17C regulation and its function at human mucosal surfaces. Understanding the relationship between IL-17C and autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the mucosa and defining the beneficial and pathogenic functions of the cytokine in inflammatory responses are the first steps in determining the potential for IL-17C as a therapeutic target.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Interleukin-17; Models, Biological; Mucous Membrane; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34293699
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155641 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Oct 2023Laminin-332 is an important component of the basement membrane. Recently, autoantibodies to Laminin-332 have been described in several autoimmune diseases. Many of these... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Laminin-332 is an important component of the basement membrane. Recently, autoantibodies to Laminin-332 have been described in several autoimmune diseases. Many of these autoimmune diseases have a high incidence of malignancy. The importance of Laminin-332 autoantibodies and its relationship to malignancy is highlighted by using Laminin-332 Pemphigoid (LM-332Pg) as a prototype.
OBJECTIVE
To identify several autoimmune diseases that have autoantibodies to Laminin-332 present, and to determine the prevalence of malignancy in them. Using Laminin-332 Pemphigoid (LM-332Pg) as a prototype, to compare clinical profiles of LM-332Pg patients with and without cancer. By identifying the temporal detection of cancer, can the influence of autoantibodies to Laminin-332 on prognosis be determined.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
A literature search was conducted to identify autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in which autoantibodies to Laminin-332 were present. Subsequently, the rate of malignancy in these autoimmune diseases was determined. A search for publications on LM-332Pg patients to determine cancer rates and clinical outcomes to examine if a relationship can be proposed, was performed.
FINDINGS
Autoantibodies to Laminin-332 were detected in recent studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), graft-vs-host disease (GVH), bullous pemphigoid (BP), lichen planus (LP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), and membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN). A high incidence of cancer rate was reported in these autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), systemic sclerosis (SS), dermatomyositis (DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data analysis demonstrated that LM-332Pg patients had a higher risk of developing ovarian, uterine, lung, gastric cancers and leukemia. The incidence for breast cancer was lower, when compared with global cancer rates. Patients diagnosed with cancer after the presence of LM-332Pg had higher rates of mortality and lower rates of remission, compared to those diagnosed with cancer prior to the discovery/diagnosis of LM-332Pg. When studied, levels of Laminin-332 autoantibodies correlated with the presence or absence of malignancy.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Preliminary analysis suggests that autoantibodies to Laminin-332 are present in multiple autoimmune diseases, which also have a high incidence of malignancy. Detailed analysis of available data highlights that patients who developed LM-332Pg after cancer was diagnosed, had a more favorable prognosis, compared to patients who developed cancer when LM-332Pg was previously present. Preliminary data would suggest that autoantibodies to Laminin-332 could serve as an important biomarker in certain patients, for correlation with possible incidence of malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Laminin; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoantibodies; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Neoplasms; Mucous Membrane
PubMed: 37673192
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103444 -
Mucosal Immunology Jan 2017
Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Famous Persons; History, 20th Century; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Mucous Membrane; Norway
PubMed: 28138161
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.111 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Oct 2018There is increasing appreciation of the role that vaginal microbiota play in health and disease throughout a woman's lifespan. This has been driven partly by molecular... (Review)
Review
There is increasing appreciation of the role that vaginal microbiota play in health and disease throughout a woman's lifespan. This has been driven partly by molecular techniques that enable detailed identification and characterisation of microbial community structures. However, these methods do not enable assessment of the biochemical and immunological interactions between host and vaginal microbiota involved in pathophysiology. This review examines our current knowledge of the relationships that exist between vaginal microbiota and the host at the level of the vaginal mucosal interface. We also consider methodological approaches to microbiomic, immunologic and metabolic profiling that permit assessment of these interactions. Integration of information derived from these platforms brings the potential for biomarker discovery, disease risk stratification and improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating vaginal microbial community dynamics in health and disease.
Topics: Female; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Mucous Membrane; Vagina
PubMed: 29705211
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.022 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Oct 2020Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are well known as chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors... (Review)
Review
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are well known as chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize bacterial and mitochondria-derived formylated peptides. FPRs are also known to detect a wide range of ligands, including host-derived peptides and lipids. FPRs are highly expressed not only in phagocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages but also in nonhematopoietic cells such as epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the oral cavity, the eye, and the reproductive tract, separate the external environment from the host system. In mucosal surfaces, the interaction between the microbiota and host cells needs to be strictly regulated to maintain homeostasis. By sharing the same FPRs, immune cells and epithelial cells may coordinate pathophysiological responses to various stimuli, including microbial molecules derived from the normal flora. Accumulating evidence shows that FPRs play important roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the roles of FPRs at mucosal surfaces.
Topics: Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunomodulation; Mucous Membrane; Multigene Family; Organ Specificity; Receptors, Formyl Peptide; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33082511
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00518-2