-
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Jun 2021Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein deposits in the myocardial interstitium. Although advanced CA confers... (Review)
Review
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein deposits in the myocardial interstitium. Although advanced CA confers significant morbidity and mortality, the magnitude of deposition and ensuing clinical manifestations vary greatly. Thus, an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis at both cellular and functional levels would afford critical insights that may improve outcomes. This review will summarize contemporary therapies for the 2 major types of CA, transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis, and outline the capacity of imaging modalities to both diagnose CA, inform prognosis, and follow response to available therapies. We explore the current landscape of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and bone scintigraphy in the assessment of functional and cellular parameters of dysfunction in CA throughout disease pathogenesis. Finally, we examine the impact of concurrent advances in both therapeutics and imaging on future research questions that improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Multimodal imaging in CA affords an indispensable tool to offer individualized treatment plans and improve outcomes in patients with CA.
Topics: Biopsy; Cardiomyopathies; Disease Management; Disease Progression; Echocardiography; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Myocardium; Prognosis
PubMed: 34129344
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.121.009025 -
Journal of the American Society For... Dec 2020Imaging mass spectrometry has become a mature molecular mapping technology that is used for molecular discovery in many medical and biological systems. While powerful by... (Review)
Review
Imaging mass spectrometry has become a mature molecular mapping technology that is used for molecular discovery in many medical and biological systems. While powerful by itself, imaging mass spectrometry can be complemented by the addition of other orthogonal, chemically informative imaging technologies to maximize the information gained from a single experiment and enable deeper understanding of biological processes. Within this review, we describe MALDI, SIMS, and DESI imaging mass spectrometric technologies and how these have been integrated with other analytical modalities such as microscopy, transcriptomics, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry in a field termed multimodal imaging. We explore the future of this field and discuss forthcoming developments that will bring new insights to help unravel the molecular complexities of biological systems, from single cells to functional tissue structures and organs.
Topics: Animals; Electrochemical Techniques; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microscopy; Multimodal Imaging; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32886506
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00232 -
Eye (London, England) Jan 2019Several intraocular infections can present with protean manifestations posing major diagnostic and management challenges. Infections such as tuberculosis, dengue and... (Review)
Review
Several intraocular infections can present with protean manifestations posing major diagnostic and management challenges. Infections such as tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya fever have continued to remain major endemic diseases that are associated with uveitis in the Asia Pacific region. These entities often require a high index of clinical suspicion and laboratory analysis including assays of ocular fluids and/or tissues for confirmation of the diagnosis. Infectious uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya can present with characteristic clinical features and imaging findings on ancillary investigations; that may provide clue to the early diagnosis. Use of modern imaging modalities such as enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography and ultra-wide field fundus photography greatly aid in the evaluation of these conditions. In the current review, we have discussed the epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and management of uveitis caused by tuberculosis, dengue and chikungunya.
Topics: Asia; Eye Infections; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Prevalence; Uveitis
PubMed: 30315262
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0224-y -
Current Cardiology Reports Mar 2022This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use of integrated nuclear imaging and fluoroscopy for intraprocedural guidance in the evaluation and treatment of both cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although there are no commercially available real-time hybrid nuclear imaging devices that are approved for use in the interventional suite, prototype open gantry hybrid nuclear imaging and x-ray c-arm imaging systems and theranostic catheter for location radiotracer detection are currently undergoing development and testing by multiple groups. The integration of physiological and molecular targeted nuclear imaging for real-time delivery of targeted theranostics in the interventional laboratory may enable more personalized care for a wide variety of cardiovascular procedures and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Fluoroscopy; Heart; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Multimodal Imaging; Radiography, Interventional; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35028819
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01644-1 -
International Journal of Biological... 2022In recent years, with the standardization of radiomics methods; development of tools; and popularization of the concept, radiomics has been widely used in all aspects of... (Review)
Review
In recent years, with the standardization of radiomics methods; development of tools; and popularization of the concept, radiomics has been widely used in all aspects of tumor diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis. As the study of radiomics in cancer has become more advanced, the currently used methods have revealed their shortcomings. The performance of cancer radiomics based on single-modality medical images, which based on their imaging principles, only partially reflects tumor information, has been necessarily compromised. Using the whole tumor as a region of interest to extract radiomic features inevitably leads to the loss of intra-tumoral heterogeneity of, which also affects the performance of radiomics. Radiomics of multimodal images extracts various aspects of information from images of each modality and then integrates them together for model construction; thus, avoiding missing information. Subregional segmentation based on multimodal medical image combinations allows radiomics features acquired from subregions to retain tumor heterogeneity, further improving the performance of radiomics. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the current research on the radiomics of multimodal images of cancer and tumor subregion-based radiomics, and then raised some of the research problems and also provide a thorough discussion on these issues.
Topics: Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35637947
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.71046 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2017PET/MR imaging benefits neurologic clinical care and research by providing spatially and temporally matched anatomic MR imaging, advanced MR physiologic imaging, and... (Review)
Review
PET/MR imaging benefits neurologic clinical care and research by providing spatially and temporally matched anatomic MR imaging, advanced MR physiologic imaging, and metabolic PET imaging. MR imaging sequences and PET tracers can be modified to target physiology specific to a neurologic disease process, with applications in neurooncology, epilepsy, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, and psychiatric and neurologic research. Simultaneous PET/MR imaging provides efficient acquisition of multiple temporally matched datasets, and opportunities for motion correction and improved anatomic assignment of PET data. Current challenges include optimizing MR imaging-based attenuation correction and necessity for dual expertise in PET and MR imaging.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Nervous System Diseases; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28390530
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.003 -
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Sep 2020Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major complication. The etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is thought to arise from a dysregulated and excessive immune response to gut luminal microbes triggered by genetic and environmental factors. To date, IBD has no cure, and treatments are currently directed at relieving symptoms and treating inflammation. The current diagnostic of IBD relies on endoscopy, which is invasive and does not provide information on the presence of extraluminal complications and molecular aspect of the disease. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and hybrid modalities have demonstrated high accuracy for the diagnosis of IBD and can provide both functional and morphological information when combined with the use of molecular imaging probes. This review presents the state-of-the-art imaging techniques and molecular imaging approaches in the field of IBD and points out future directions that could help improve our understanding of IBD pathological processes, along with the development of efficient treatments.
Topics: Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestines; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32793946
DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa213 -
Brain : a Journal of Neurology Feb 2019Frontotemporal dementia refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative syndromes usually caused by the accumulation of pathological tau or TDP-43 proteins. The... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Frontotemporal dementia refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative syndromes usually caused by the accumulation of pathological tau or TDP-43 proteins. The effects of these proteins in the brain are complex, and each can present with several different clinical syndromes. Clinical efficacy trials of drugs targeting these proteins must use endpoints that are meaningful to all participants despite the variability in symptoms across patients. There are many candidate clinical measures, including neuropsychological scores and functional measures. Brain imaging is another potentially attractive outcome that can be precisely quantified and provides evidence of disease modification. Most imaging studies in frontotemporal dementia have been cross-sectional, and few have compared longitudinal changes in cortical volume with changes in other measures such as perfusion and white matter integrity. The current study characterized longitudinal changes in 161 patients with three frontotemporal dementia syndromes: behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 77) and the semantic (n = 45) and non-fluent (n = 39) variants of primary progressive aphasia. Visits included comprehensive neuropsychological and functional assessment, structural MRI (3 T), diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelled perfusion imaging. The goal was to identify measures that are appropriate as clinical trial outcomes for each group, as well as those that might be appropriate for trials that would include more than one of these groups. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate changes in each measure, and to examine the correlation between imaging and clinical changes. Sample sizes were estimated based on the observed effects for theoretical clinical trials using bootstrapping techniques to provide 95% confidence intervals for these estimates. Declines in functional and neuropsychological measures, as well as frontal and temporal cortical volumes and white matter microstructure were detected in all groups. Imaging changes were statistically significantly correlated with, and explained a substantial portion of variance in, the change in most clinical measures. Perfusion and diffusion tensor imaging accounted for variation in clinical decline beyond volume alone. Sample size estimates for atrophy and diffusion imaging were comparable to clinical measures. Corpus callosal fractional anisotropy led to the lowest sample size estimates for all three syndromes. These findings provide further guidance on selection of trial endpoints for studies in frontotemporal dementia and support the use of neuroimaging, particularly structural and diffusion weighted imaging, as biomarkers. Diffusion and perfusion imaging appear to offer additional utility for explaining clinical change beyond the variance explained by volume alone, arguing for considering multimodal imaging in treatment trials.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Endpoint Determination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 30698757
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy319 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2017Nanomaterials have gained tremendous significance as contrast agents for both anatomical and functional preclinical bio-imaging. Contrary to conventional medical... (Review)
Review
Nanomaterials have gained tremendous significance as contrast agents for both anatomical and functional preclinical bio-imaging. Contrary to conventional medical practices, molecular imaging plays an important role in exploring the affected cells, thus providing precision medical solutions. It has been observed that incorporating nanoprobes improves the overall efficacy of the diagnosis and treatment processes. These nano-agents and tracers are therefore often incorporated into preclinical therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Multimodal imaging approaches are well equipped with nanoprobes to explore neurological disorders, as they can display more than one type of characteristic in molecular imaging. Multimodal imaging systems are explored by researchers as they can provide both anatomical and functional details of tumors and affected tissues. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art research concerning multimodal imaging systems and nanoprobes for neuroimaging applications.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Neuroimaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Research; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 28157157
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020311 -
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU Oct 2022Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common valvular pathology. Multimodality noninvasive cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess the mechanism of AR, degree, and... (Review)
Review
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common valvular pathology. Multimodality noninvasive cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess the mechanism of AR, degree, and its hemodynamic impact on the cardiovascular system. Collecting this information is crucial in establishing the prognosis and in guiding patient management and follow-up. While echocardiography remains the primary test to assess AR, a comprehensive assessment of this valvulopathy can be obtained by combining the information from different techniques. This state-of-the-art review is intended to provide an update ed overview of the applications, strengths, and limits of transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and cardiac computed tomography in patients with AR.
Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Echocardiography; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 36218214
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23299