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Current Cardiology Reviews 2019Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4)-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by elevation of serum IgG4. IgG4-RSD can affect any organ in... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4)-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by elevation of serum IgG4. IgG4-RSD can affect any organ in the body, and the list of organs associated with this condition is growing steadily. IgG4-related cardiovascular disease affects the coronary arteries, heart valves, myocardium, pericardium, aorta, pulmonary and peripheral vessels. Echocardiography is the most commonly used non-invasive imaging method. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can assess aortitis, periarteritis and coronary aneurysms. Coronary CTA is fast, offers high spatial resolution and a wide coverage field of view. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) offers a comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular system including cardiac function, extent of myocardial fibrosis, characterise cardiac masses with different pulse sequences and guide to further treatment. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) can provide important information about the extent of disease, the presence of active inflammation and the optimum biopsy site. In general, the role of diagnostic imaging includes establishing the diagnosis, detecting complications, guiding biopsy and documenting response to therapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30652646
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X15666190117101607 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Jan 2015Ophthalmic practitioners have to make a critical differential diagnosis in cases of an elevated optic nerve head. They have to discriminate between pseudopapilloedema... (Review)
Review
Ophthalmic practitioners have to make a critical differential diagnosis in cases of an elevated optic nerve head. They have to discriminate between pseudopapilloedema (benign elevation of the optic nerve head) and true swelling of the optic nerve head. This decision has significant implications for appropriate patient management. Assessment of the optic disc prior to the advanced imaging techniques that are available today (particularly spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence), has mainly used diagnostic tools, such as funduscopy and retinal photography. As these traditional methods rely on the subjective assessment by the clinician, evaluation of the elevated optic nerve head to differentiate pseudopapilloedema from true swelling of the optic nerve head can be a challenge in clinical practice with patients typically referred for further neuroimaging investigation when the diagnosis is uncertain. The use of multimodal ocular imaging tools such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography, short wavelength fundus autofluorescence and ultrasonography, can potentially aid in the differentiation of pseudopapilloedema from true swelling of the optic nerve head, in conjunction with other clinical findings. By doing so, unnecessary patient costs and anxiety in the case of pseudopapilloedema can be reduced, and appropriate urgent referral and management in the case of true swelling of the optic nerve head can be initiated.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Diseases, Hereditary; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Ophthalmoscopy; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve Diseases; Papilledema; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 25315395
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12177 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Jan 2019Multiparametric quantitative imaging is gaining increasing interest due to its widespread advantages in clinical applications. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a... (Review)
Review
Multiparametric quantitative imaging is gaining increasing interest due to its widespread advantages in clinical applications. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a recently introduced approach of fast multiparametric quantitative imaging. In this article, magnetic resonance fingerprinting acquisition, dictionary generation, reconstruction, and validation are reviewed.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Data Compression; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Phantoms, Imaging; Radio Waves; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Software; Spin Labels
PubMed: 30277265
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27403 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2020
Topics: Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Ophthalmology; Refractive Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 33229634
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.301283 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2019Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are non-linear techniques that allow label-free, non-destructive and non-invasive...
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are non-linear techniques that allow label-free, non-destructive and non-invasive imaging for cellular and tissue analysis. Although live-imaging studies have been performed previously, concerns that they do not cause any changes at the molecular level in sensitive biological samples have not been addressed. This is important especially for stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering, if CARS/SHG microscopy is to be used as a non-invasive, label-free tool for assessment of the developing neo-tissue. In this work, we monitored the differentiation of human fetal-femur derived skeletal cells into cartilage in three-dimensional cultures using CARS and SHG microscopy and demonstrate the live-imaging of the same developing neo-tissue over time. Our work conclusively establishes that non-linear label-free imaging does not alter the phenotype or the gene expression at the different stages of differentiation and has no adverse effect on human skeletal cell growth and behaviour. Additionally, we show that CARS microscopy allows imaging of different molecules of interest, including lipids, proteins and glycosaminoglycans, in the bioengineered neo-cartilage. These studies demonstrate the label-free and truly non-invasive nature of live CARS and SHG imaging and their value and translation potential in skeletal research, regeneration medicine and tissue engineering.
Topics: Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Chondrogenesis; Femur; Gene Expression; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Proteins; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Tissue Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30944358
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41466-w -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Mar 2018Label-free microscopy is a very powerful technique that can be applied to study samples with no need for exogenous fluorescent probes, keeping the main benefits of...
Label-free microscopy is a very powerful technique that can be applied to study samples with no need for exogenous fluorescent probes, keeping the main benefits of multiphoton microscopy, such as longer penetration depths and intrinsic optical sectioning while enabling serial multitechniques examinations on the same specimen. Among the many label-free microscopy methods, harmonic generation (HG) is one of the most intriguing methods due to its generally low photo-toxicity and relative ease of implementation. Today, HG and common two-photon microscopy (TPM) are well-established techniques, and are routinely used in several research fields. However, they require a significant amount of fine-tuning to be fully exploited, making them quite difficult to perform in parallel. Here, we present our designed multimodal microscope, capable of performing simultaneously TPM and HG without any kind of compromise thanks to two, separate, individually optimized laser sources with axial chromatic aberration compensation. We also apply our setup to the examination of a plethora of ex vivo samples to prove its capabilities and the significant advantages of a multimodal approach.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Equipment Design; Heart; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lung; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Multimodal Imaging; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 29516689
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.23.9.091403 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2017The major challenge in current clinic contrast agents (CAs) and chemotherapy is the poor tumor selectivity and response. Based on the self-quench property of IR820 at...
The major challenge in current clinic contrast agents (CAs) and chemotherapy is the poor tumor selectivity and response. Based on the self-quench property of IR820 at high concentrations, and different contrast effect ability of Gd-DOTA between inner and outer of liposome, we developed "bomb-like" light-triggered CAs (LTCAs) for enhanced CT/MRI/FI multimodal imaging, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of tumor tissue specifically. IR820, Iohexol and Gd-chelates were firstly encapsulated into the thermal-sensitive nanocarrier with a high concentration. This will result in protection and fluorescence quenching. Then, the release of CAs was triggered by near-infrared (NIR) light laser irradiation, which will lead to fluorescence and MRI activation and enable imaging of inflammation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that LTCAs with 808 nm laser irradiation have shorter T relaxation time in MRI and stronger intensity in FI compared to those without irradiation. Additionally, due to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of IR820, the injection of LTCAs was demonstrated to completely inhibit C6 tumor growth in nude mice up to 17 days after NIR laser irradiation. The results indicate that the LTCAs can serve as a promising platform for NIR-activated multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Female; Heterocyclic Compounds; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Infrared Rays; Liposomes; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Organometallic Compounds; Phototherapy; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 28670120
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S137835 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2018This review article highlights the role of radiological and nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections with particular regard to hybrid... (Review)
Review
This review article highlights the role of radiological and nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections with particular regard to hybrid imaging of osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, sternal infections and spine infections. Authors conclude on the complementary role of the several techniques with indications for an appropriate diagnostic flow chart, in the light of the recent European Association of Nuclear Medicine guidelines on infection.
Topics: Humans; Infections; Multimodal Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nuclear Medicine
PubMed: 29166757
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.17.03045-X -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2021To investigate trends observed in a decade of published research on multimodality PET(/CT)+MR imaging in abdominal oncology, and to explore how these trends are... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate trends observed in a decade of published research on multimodality PET(/CT)+MR imaging in abdominal oncology, and to explore how these trends are reflected by the use of multimodality imaging performed at our institution.
METHODS
First, we performed a literature search (2009-2018) including all papers published on the multimodality combination of PET(/CT) and MRI in abdominal oncology. Retrieved papers were categorized according to a structured labelling system, including study design and outcome, cancer and lesion type under investigation and PET-tracer type. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and evolutions over time were plotted graphically. Second, we performed a descriptive analysis of the numbers of MRI, PET/CT and multimodality PET/CT+MRI combinations (performed within ≤14 days interval) performed during a similar time span at our institution.
RESULTS
Published research papers involving multimodality PET(/CT)+MRI combinations showed an impressive increase in numbers, both for retrospective combinations of PET/CT and MRI, as well as hybrid PET/MRI. Main areas of research included new PET-tracers, visual PET(/CT)+MRI assessment for staging, and (semi-)quantitative analysis of PET-parameters compared to or combined with MRI-parameters as predictive biomarkers. In line with literature, we also observed a vast increase in numbers of multimodality PET/CT+MRI imaging in our institutional data.
CONCLUSIONS
The tremendous increase in published literature on multimodality imaging, reflected by our institutional data, shows the continuously growing interest in comprehensive multivariable imaging evaluations to guide oncological practice.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
The role of multimodality imaging in oncology is rapidly evolving. This paper summarizes the main applications and recent developments in multimodality imaging, with a specific focus on the combination of PET+MRI in abdominal oncology.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Oncology; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 34387508
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201351 -
NeuroImage May 2020This paper asks whether integrating multimodal EEG and fMRI data offers a better characterisation of functional brain architectures than either modality alone. This...
This paper asks whether integrating multimodal EEG and fMRI data offers a better characterisation of functional brain architectures than either modality alone. This evaluation rests upon a dynamic causal model that generates both EEG and fMRI data from the same neuronal dynamics. We introduce the use of Bayesian fusion to provide informative (empirical) neuronal priors - derived from dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of EEG data - for subsequent DCM of fMRI data. To illustrate this procedure, we generated synthetic EEG and fMRI timeseries for a mismatch negativity (or auditory oddball) paradigm, using biologically plausible model parameters (i.e., posterior expectations from a DCM of empirical, open access, EEG data). Using model inversion, we found that Bayesian fusion provided a substantial improvement in marginal likelihood or model evidence, indicating a more efficient estimation of model parameters, in relation to inverting fMRI data alone. We quantified the benefits of multimodal fusion with the information gain pertaining to neuronal and haemodynamic parameters - as measured by the Kullback-Leibler divergence between their prior and posterior densities. Remarkably, this analysis suggested that EEG data can improve estimates of haemodynamic parameters; thereby furnishing proof-of-principle that Bayesian fusion of EEG and fMRI is necessary to resolve conditional dependencies between neuronal and haemodynamic estimators. These results suggest that Bayesian fusion may offer a useful approach that exploits the complementary temporal (EEG) and spatial (fMRI) precision of different data modalities. We envisage the procedure could be applied to any multimodal dataset that can be explained by a DCM with a common neuronal parameterisation.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Brain; Computer Simulation; Electroencephalography; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Theoretical; Multimodal Imaging; Neurovascular Coupling; Proof of Concept Study
PubMed: 32027965
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116595