-
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The comorbidity of optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis has been well recognized. However, the causal association between multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, as...
INTRODUCTION
The comorbidity of optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis has been well recognized. However, the causal association between multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, as well as other eye disorders, remains incompletely understood. To address these gaps, we investigated the genetically relationship between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, and explored potential drugs.
METHODS
In order to elucidate the genetic susceptibility and causal links between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the causality between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders. Additionally, causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms were annotated and searched for expression quantitative trait loci data. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the possible mechanisms responsible for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Potential therapeutic chemicals were also explored using the Cytoscape.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that multiple sclerosis increased the incidence of optic neuritis while reducing the likelihood of concurrent of cataract and macular degeneration. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis implicated that lymphocyte proliferation, activation and antigen processing as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, pharmaceutical agents traditionally employed for allograft rejection exhibited promising therapeutic potential for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis.
DISCUSSION
Multiple sclerosis genetically contributes to the development of optic neuritis while mitigating the concurrent occurrence of cataract and macular degeneration. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore additional mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of multiple sclerosis and eye disorders.
Topics: Humans; Cataract; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Macular Degeneration; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 38375484
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337528 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Jan 1992
Topics: Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurologic Examination; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 1548489
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.1.1 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with higher female prevalence, and the majority of patients are of childbearing age. Thus, pregnancy concerns are important for...
OBJECTIVE
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with higher female prevalence, and the majority of patients are of childbearing age. Thus, pregnancy concerns are important for patients with MS and their families. Improving the understanding of the effects of pregnancy on the progress of MS could improve the knowledge about pregnancy-related issues in MS patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the general knowledge of Saudi adults living in the Qassim region regarding pregnancy-related relapses in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and to identify misconceptions regarding pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the use of oral hormonal contraceptives among female MS patients.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A representative random cluster sample of 337 participants was used in this cross-sectional study. All participants were living in one of the following cities in the Qassim region: Buraydah, Unaizah, and Alrrass. Data collection was done between February 2022 and March 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS
The overall mean knowledge score was 7.42 (SD 4.21), with poor, moderate, and good knowledge representing 77.2%, 187%, and 4.2% of the sample, respectively. Higher knowledge scores were associated with age less than 40 years, being a student, knowing about MS, and knowing someone with MS. Other variables such as gender, educational level, and residence location did not show significant differences regarding the knowledge score.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that knowledge and attitude are suboptimal among the Qassim population regarding the effects of MS on pregnant patients, pregnancy outcomes, breastfeeding, and usage of contraceptive methods, with 77.2% showing poor total knowledge scores.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Multiple Sclerosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Surveys and Questionnaires; Contraceptives, Oral
PubMed: 37140286
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_32107 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Mar 2012Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder, characterized by mononuclear cell inflammation, demyelination and often with extensive axonal injury. It... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder, characterized by mononuclear cell inflammation, demyelination and often with extensive axonal injury. It was first described neuropathologically in the late 1800s. MS has an interesting geographical epidemiology, with a higher rate at latitudes further from the equator in both directions. Women outnumber males by about 2:1; this ratio has been increasing in recent years. Genome wide association studies have thus far identified over 50 genetic susceptibility loci, and these are rapidly expanding. Several environmental risk factors have been identified, including low serum vitamin D levels, exposure to Epstein-Barr virus and cigarette smoking. MS displays a heterogeneous disease course; most patients with the disease begin with a relapsing-remitting course, but often eventually develop steady disability progression. A small percentage of MS patients have a progressive course without clinical relapses. Several treatments are now available to decrease relapse rate and slow the accumulation of disability in patients with relapsing MS, but there is currently no effective treatment to slow the progressive forms of MS.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 22850053
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2011-0736 -
Neuroepidemiology 2016Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system and an important cause of non-traumatic neurologic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system and an important cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability among young population in several countries. Recent reports from East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia have proposed a low to moderate prevalence of MS in these countries.
METHODS
A literature review search was carried out in December 2014 in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library to recover original population-based studies on MS epidemiology in East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia countries published between January 1, 1950 and December 30, 2014. We intended search strategies using the key words: multiple sclerosis, prevalence, incidence and epidemiology. Based on our inclusion criteria, 68 epidemiologic studies were included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
The most extensively used diagnostic criteria in the studies were McDonald's criteria. Most studies were performed in a multi-center hospital setting. The female to male ratio varied and ranged from 0.7 in India to 9.0 in China. The mean age at disease onset ranged from the lowest age of 25.3 in Iran to the highest age of 46.4 in China. MS prevalence ranged from 0.77 in 100,000 populations in Hong Kong (1999) to 85.80 in 100,000 in Iran (2013).
CONCLUSIONS
Advances in MS registries around the globe allow nationwide population-based studies and will allow worldly comparisons between the prevalence and incidence in different regions that are provided to monitor estimation.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; Cross-Sectional Studies; Asia, Eastern; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 26901651
DOI: 10.1159/000444019 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1980
Topics: Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Linoleic Acids; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 7357321
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.280.6208.184-d -
Nature Reviews. Neurology Mar 2012The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that... (Review)
Review
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex differences might provide important insight into mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression of the disease in patients. MS occurs more frequently in women than in men, indicating that sex-related factors have an effect on an individual's susceptibility to developing the condition. These factors include hormonal, genetic and environmental influences, as well as gene-environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms. Interestingly, women do not have a poorer prognosis than men with MS despite a higher incidence of the disease and more-robust immune responses, which suggests a mechanism of resilience. Furthermore, the state of pregnancy has a substantial effect on disease activity, characterized by a reduction in relapse rates during the third trimester but an increased relapse rate in the postpartum period. However, pregnancy has little effect on long-term disability in women with MS. The unravelling of the mechanisms underlying these clinical observations in the laboratory and application of the results to the clinical setting is a unique and potentially fruitful strategy to develop novel therapeutic approaches for MS.
Topics: Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Risk Factors; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 22450508
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.43 -
NeuroRx : the Journal of the American... Apr 2006Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs at all ages of the pediatric population. Childhood MS may represent up to 10% of all MS cases. Establishing the diagnosis of MS in a child... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs at all ages of the pediatric population. Childhood MS may represent up to 10% of all MS cases. Establishing the diagnosis of MS in a child is complicated by the limited diagnostic criteria and the possibility of significant clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) overlap with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and other pediatric diseases. Although the clinical profile of MS appears similar to that seen in adults, several features may differ and specific issues arise in children. Sex ratios are different between young children with MS and adolescents--implicating a role for sex hormones in disease pathogenesis and/or modification of disease expression. Younger patients with MS are more likely to have seizures, brainstem, and cerebellar symptoms than adults. Children with MS may have fewer T2 hyperintense areas on MRI scans, therefore not meeting MRI criteria established for adults. It is possible that the pediatric MS course is more indolent than in adult patients but the disease may lead to significant disability at a younger age, e.g., while patients are students, young professionals, or want to start a family. There has been no controlled clinical trial in children with disease modifying therapies approved for adult MS due to the limited number of patients under the age of 18 years compared with the adult contingent. As a result, children are receiving adult therapies in an arbitrary manner and our understanding of pediatric treatment effect and tolerability is limited. Available data on tolerability of approved drugs for adults is reviewed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 16554264
DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.01.011 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Apr 2022Although cognitive impairment is common and disabling in multiple sclerosis (MS), there are no approved pharmacological treatments for it. Fortunately, there is now good...
BACKGROUND
Although cognitive impairment is common and disabling in multiple sclerosis (MS), there are no approved pharmacological treatments for it. Fortunately, there is now good evidence that cognitive rehabilitation is effective in MS. However, most healthcare providers are unaware of these treatment options.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to outline the evidence supporting cognitive rehabilitation in MS.
DISCUSSION
Often beneficial as a brief cognitive rehabilitation intervention is the psychoeducational feedback session provided after a neuropsychological assessment. Beyond this, more intensive compensatory and restorative cognitive rehabilitation interventions can be effective in MS. Choosing an intervention will depend on the patients' goals, which may range from specific everyday activity/participation goals to preserving existing cognitive functioning by building up cognitive reserve or delaying further cognitive decline by slowing the underlying neurobiological changes. General practitioners can best assist their patients by understanding the treatment options and facilitating their patients' access to the most appropriate cognitive rehabilitation services available.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 35362007
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-08-21-6146 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Oct 1999Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system clinically characterized by relapses and remissions of... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system clinically characterized by relapses and remissions of neurological disturbance. A typical relapse, exemplified by optic neuritis, increases in severity over a week or two and after approximately one month begins to remit. Resolution takes place over the course of two to three months. In the early stages, clinical recovery is virtually complete, though persistent abnormalities of conduction can usually be detected by evoked potential techniques and persistent structural abnormalities can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques, together with cerebrospinal fluid examination for oligoclonal IgG, provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis which, in the absence of a specific test, nevertheless remains primarily clinical. The course of the disease is very variable, but after a number of years neurological deficit begins to accumulate after each relapse. In most patients, the relapsing and remitting phase of the disease is followed by a phase of continuous progression of disability. Cognitive disturbances can be detected in many patients even quite early in the course of the illness. Deficits in attention, memory and executive skills may be prominent and tend to become increasingly prominent as neurological deficit increases, although this is not always the case. There is some correlation between the extent of MRI abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and the severity of cognitive deficit. Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced but are poorly correlated to the lesion load seen on MRI. In contrast, the much rarer psychotic symptoms, euphoria and emotional lability are closely linked to the severity of white matter disease.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis
PubMed: 10603614
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0506