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Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2022Concurrent training can be an effective and time-efficient method to improve both muscle strength and aerobic capacity. A major challenge with concurrent training is how... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Concurrent training can be an effective and time-efficient method to improve both muscle strength and aerobic capacity. A major challenge with concurrent training is how to adequately combine and sequence strength exercise and aerobic exercise to avoid interference effects. This is particularly relevant for athletes.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise on subsequent measures of muscle strength and power in trained male individuals.
DESIGN
We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic literature searches in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted up to July 2021.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Studies were included that applied a within-group repeated-measures design and examined the acute effects of aerobic exercise (i.e., running, cycling exercise) on subsequent measures of lower limb muscle strength (e.g., maximal isometric force of the knee extensors) and/or proxies of lower limb muscle power (e.g., countermovement jump height) in trained individuals.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.79; p = 0.003). Low-intensity aerobic exercise did not moderate effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.157) while moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise resulted in moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.65; p = 0.020). However, the difference between subgroups was not statistically significant (p = 0.979). Regarding aerobic exercise duration, large declines in muscle strength were found after > 30 min (SMD = 1.02; p = 0.049) while ≤ 30 min of aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in muscle strength (SMD = 0.59; p = 0.013). The subgroup difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.204). Cycling exercise resulted in significantly larger decrements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.79; p = 0.002) compared with running (SMD = 0.28; p = 0.035). The difference between subgroups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). For muscle power, aerobic exercise did not result in any statistically significant changes (SMD = 0.04; p = 0.846).
CONCLUSIONS
Aerobic exercise induced moderate declines in measures of muscle strength with no statistically significant effects on proxies of muscle power in trained male individuals. It appears that higher compared with lower intensity as well as longer compared with shorter aerobic exercise duration exacerbate acute declines in muscle strength. Our results provide evidence for acute interference effects when aerobic exercies is performed before strength exercises. These findings may help practitioners to better prescribe single training sessions, particularly if environmental and/or infrastructural reasons (e.g., availability of training facilities) do not allow the application of strength training before aerobic exercise.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training; Running
PubMed: 34878640
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01615-6 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2018Hip muscle weakness in older people seems to be an influencing factor of falls. Currently, it is unclear which muscles out of the hip muscle group play an important role...
BACKGROUND
Hip muscle weakness in older people seems to be an influencing factor of falls. Currently, it is unclear which muscles out of the hip muscle group play an important role in older people. A validating process in the measurement regarding muscle strength related to falls is necessary before answering that question.
OBJECTIVE
Firstly, we aimed to investigate which hip muscle group strength shows an acceptable level of distinction between older adult fallers and non-fallers compared to a predefined external criterion regarding falling. Secondly, we aimed to compare the same outcomes and questions for hand-grip strength in relation to the same external criterion.
DESIGN
This study was a cross-sectional validity study.
METHODS
The maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and the rate of force generation of hip abductors (ABD), adductors, internal and external rotators, extensors, and flexors were measured with a dynamometer fixed to a custom-made frame as well as hand-grip strength with a Martin Vigorimeter in 60 older people aged over 65 years (38 females and 22 males).
RESULTS
The area under the curve (AUC) and the results of the mean decrease in Gini index assessed by random forest approach show that of all the assessed parameters, hip ABD MVIS showed the highest discriminative value regarding the chosen external criterion in older people (AUC ABD MVIS 0.825, 95% confidence interval: 0.712-0.938).
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that ABD MVIS is a useful measure to distinguish between older adult fallers and non-fallers regarding the chosen external criterion.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Muscle, Skeletal; Torque
PubMed: 29317804
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S146834 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Any form of physical activity is recommended for the older adults to maintain their physical function; however, the effect of daily activities on muscle function still...
BACKGROUND
Any form of physical activity is recommended for the older adults to maintain their physical function; however, the effect of daily activities on muscle function still needs to be investigated. Humans always use one dominant hand to perform tasks, providing a natural situation for research on the effect of daily activities on muscle function.
METHODS
Five hundred and twenty-six healthy adults were recruited from the community in Beijing. Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, lean mass, fat mass, bone area and bone mineral content of upper limbs were assessed using dual-energy X ray-absorptiometry. The results were compared between the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs.
RESULTS
The dominant upper limb had better muscle strength, lean mass, bone area and bone mineral content than the non-dominant side. The difference in muscle strength and lean mass between the two upper limbs decreased with the advanced age. In older age, fat mass of upper limbs increased in men, but not in women.
CONCLUSION
Daily activities can maintain better muscle function in the dominant upper limb than in the non-dominant side; however, the delaying effect on age-related decline in muscle function was limited.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Hand Strength; Upper Extremity; Bone Density; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38074765
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284959 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2021Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders negatively affect ability to perform activities of daily living, self-care and work. Therefore, outcome measurements that...
BACKGROUND
Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders negatively affect ability to perform activities of daily living, self-care and work. Therefore, outcome measurements that address muscle strength, fatigue resistance, functionality and work physical capacity must be defined to assess and plan specific actions to minimize them.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of upper extremity muscle strength with upper extremity fatigue resistance, work ability and upper extremity dysfunction in a sample of workers from a tertiary hospital.
METHODS
Shoulder and elbow isokinetic strength were assessed by Biodex System 4™, isometric hand grip by JAMAR™, upper extremity fatigue resistance by Functional Impairment Test Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA), ability to work by the Work Ability Index and upper extremity dysfunction by the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand QuickDASH-Br questionnaire. The Nordic questionnaire and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used for pain description. The associations were analysed by Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho) (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Twenty-seven participants: 59.2% women; mean age 46 years old; 70.3% obese/overweight; 62.9% active with predominantly dynamic muscle contraction work. Besides predominance of good to moderate work ability (81.4%) and comorbidities (37%), all participants had symptoms of the upper extremities for at least 12 months, with a predominance of low-intensity in the shoulder (55.5%). In addition, 88.8% reported pain in other segments. Muscle strength of abduction (rho = 0.49), adduction (rho = 0.40), internal rotation (rho = 0.44) and hand grip (rho = 0.68) presented moderate correlation with FIT-HaNSA. Hand grip (rho = - 0.52) showed moderate correlation with upper extremity dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this preliminary study suggested the association of shoulder strength with fatigue resistance. Also, hand grip strength was associated with upper extremity dysfunction and fatigue resistance. No association was found with the Work Ability Index in this sample. So, it is suggested that hand grip and shoulder strength could be outcome measurements used for future interventions focused on upper extremity preventive exercises to improve strength and fatigue resistance of workers at risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Other individual, psychosocial and organizational risk factors must also be considered as influences on upper extremity function.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Tertiary Care Centers; Upper Extremity; Work Capacity Evaluation
PubMed: 34074292
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04256-y -
Neuromuscular Disorders : NMD Apr 2022It is uncertain whether residual muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) can improve, and whether it reflects deficits and disability. In a population-based follow-up...
It is uncertain whether residual muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) can improve, and whether it reflects deficits and disability. In a population-based follow-up study of 107 patients with MG and 50 healthy controls, maximal shoulder, knee and ankle strength was measured using isometric dynamometry and related to the quantitative MG (QMG), the MG Composite (MGC), the MG-activities of daily living (MG-ADL), the MG quality of life 15-items (QOL15) and a 400 m walk test (400MWT). During a mean follow-up of 4.6 (±0.04) years, patients improved 10.8% (P < 0.001) in isometric shoulder strength, whereas their isometric knee strength did not improve (3.2%, P = 0.151). Higher age, longer disease duration and greater baseline impairment had no negative impact. Change in isometric shoulder and knee strength did not correlate with changes in the QMG, the MG-ADL or the QOL15. Change in isometric knee strength correlated with change in the 400MWT (r = -0.357), and the 400MWT correlated with changes in the QMG (r = 0.439), the MG-ADL legs subitem (r = 0.419) and the QOL15 (r = 0.310). Overall, muscle strength improved over time, and the MG clinical scales were related to impaired mobility and muscle strength. Change in residual muscle weakness was unrelated to disability (MG-ADL) and quality of life (QOL15).
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle Weakness; Myasthenia Gravis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35279342
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.02.007 -
PloS One 2021The biological maturation (BM) analyzed by peak height velocity (PHV) and bone age (BA), and lean body mass has been associated with the strength and muscle power of... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
The biological maturation (BM) analyzed by peak height velocity (PHV) and bone age (BA), and lean body mass has been associated with the strength and muscle power of young athletes. However, the ability of BM (PHV and BA) and LM markers to predict muscle strength and power in young athletes remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
The Aim was determine the predicting power of BM markers (PHV and BA) and LM in relation to muscle power of upper and lower limbs and muscle strength of upper limbs in adolescent athletes at puberty.
METHODS
Ninety-two adolescent athletes (both sexes; age 12.4 ± 1.02 years) were assessed for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Power of upper limbs (ULP), force handgrip (HG), vertical jump (VJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were recorded. BM was predicted by mathematical models to estimate PHV and BA. Multilayer artificial neural network analyses (MLP's) were used to determine the power of prediction of LM, PHV and BA on muscle power and strength of upper- and lower-limbs of the athletes.
RESULTS
LM, BA and PHV were associated with HG (r>0.74, p<0.05) and ULS (r>0.60, p<0.05) in both sexes. In both sexes BA was associated with VJ (r>0.55, p<0.05) and CMJ (r>0.53, p<0.05). LM indicated associations (r>0.60, p<0.05) with BA and with PHV (r<0.83, p<0.05) in both sexes. MLP's analysis revealed that the LM provides > 72% of probability to predict the muscle power of upper- and lower-limbs, and the strength of the upper limbs; whereas PHV provides > 43% and bone age >64% in both female and male adolescent athletes.
CONCLUSION
We identified that, like PHV and BA, LM is a strong predictor of low cost of both upper limbs muscle strength and upper and lower limbs power in adolescent athletes.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Body Composition; Child; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Muscle Strength; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 34252161
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254552 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jun 2022Skeletal muscles are required for functional movement and force production. While it is clear that cerebral palsy (CP) results in loss of muscle strength and bodily... (Review)
Review
Skeletal muscles are required for functional movement and force production. While it is clear that cerebral palsy (CP) results in loss of muscle strength and bodily function, and that much of this loss is caused by injury to the central nervous system, muscle is a very plastic tissue that is also dramatically affected. In many studies, it is assumed that voluntary exercise will cause the muscle to respond in the same way that typically developing muscle does, but there are scarce data demonstrating that this is true. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe muscle architectural adaptation to various forms of exercise with specific reference to voluntary exercise performed in children with CP. Exercise itself is not generic but can vary by intensity, duration, and the exact nature of the muscle length change and velocity imposed during the exercise. Our goal is to stimulate discussion in this area by pointing out salient experimental variables and, ultimately, to improve activity and participation in children with CP.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child; Exercise; Humans; Movement; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 35142371
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15173 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Sep 2021
Topics: Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34131947
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4390 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Jul 2019Assessing aging muscle through estimates of muscle heterogeneity may overcome some of the limitations of grayscale analyses. The objectives of this study included...
OBJECTIVES
Assessing aging muscle through estimates of muscle heterogeneity may overcome some of the limitations of grayscale analyses. The objectives of this study included determining statistical model parameters that characterize muscle echogenicity and are associated with strength in younger and older participants.
METHODS
Thirty-three community-dwelling participants were assigned to younger and older groups. Quantitative B-mode ultrasound scanning of the rectus femoris and isometric grip strength testing were completed. Shape or dispersion parameters from negative binomial distribution, Nakagami, gamma, and gamma mixture models were fitted to the grayscale histograms.
RESULTS
The mean ages ± SDs of the younger and older groups were 24.0 ± 2.3 and 65.1 ± 6.5 years, respectively. Statistical model shape and dispersion parameters for the grayscale histograms significantly differed between the younger and older participants (P = .002-.006). Among all of the statistical models considered, the gamma mixture model showed the best fit with the grayscale histograms (χ goodness of fit = 62), whereas the Nakagami distribution displayed the poorest fit (χ goodness of fit = 2595). Grayscale values were significantly associated with peak grip strength force in younger adult participants (R = 0.36; P < .008). However, the negative binomial dispersion parameter k (adjusted R = 0.70; P < .001) and gamma shape parameter α (adjusted R = 0.68; P < .01) showed the highest associations with peak grip strength force in older adult participants.
CONCLUSIONS
The negative binomial dispersion parameter k and the gamma shape parameter α have clinical relevance for the assessment of age-related muscle changes. Statistical models of muscle heterogeneity may characterize the association between muscle tissue composition estimates and strength better than grayscale measures in samples of community-dwelling older adults.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Quadriceps Muscle; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30548644
DOI: 10.1002/jum.14864 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022We studied the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) on lower-limb muscle strength and mass in post-middle-aged... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Combined with Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Mass in Post-Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
We studied the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) on lower-limb muscle strength and mass in post-middle-aged adults. The PubMed, OVID, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used to obtain randomized controlled trials, and the effects of BFR and LIRT (BFRt) on muscle strength and mass in adults were examined. The Cochrane risk of bias tool assessed bias in the included trials. The combined effects of BFR and LIRT (BFRt) were calculated by meta-analysis, the association between muscle strength/mass and interventions was determined by meta-regression, and beneficial variables of intervention were explored by subgroup analysis. A total of 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The combined effects showed that BFRt significantly improved lower extremity muscle strength but not muscle mass gain. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the effect of BFRt on changes in muscle strength was correlated with frequency of the intervention. Subgroup analysis revealed that BFRt achieved greater muscle strength gains than normal activity, LIRT, and similar muscle strength gains compared to high-intensity resistance training. The increased muscle strength after BFRt was noticed with a frequency of three times a week, but not with a frequency of two times a week, and the difference between these subgroups was statistically significant. Our findings indicate that BFRt can increase lower-limb muscle strength in post-middle-aged adults. Frequency of intervention is a key variable; particularly, a schedule of three times a week is effective in improving muscle strength.
Topics: Middle Aged; Adult; Humans; Resistance Training; Regional Blood Flow; Muscle Strength; Lower Extremity; Hemodynamics; Muscle, Skeletal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36497769
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315691