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Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Jul 2022Most studies of knee osteoarthritis use isokinetic peak strength as a measure of muscle strength. However, estimated one-repetition maximum (1-RM) may have a stronger... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Most studies of knee osteoarthritis use isokinetic peak strength as a measure of muscle strength. However, estimated one-repetition maximum (1-RM) may have a stronger relationship than isokinetic peak strength with daily activities. The aim of this study was to test the following hypotheses: first, the estimated 1-RM is more strongly associated than isokinetic peak strength with daily activities; and secondly, the estimated 1-RM is most strongly associated with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), followed by the Get Up and Go test (GUG test) and the stair-climb test.
METHODS
Data were used for 177 patients with knee osteoarthritis from a randomized controlled trial on improving muscle strength. The patients had a mean age of 67.6 ± 5.8 years. Isokinetic peak strength was measured using a dynamometer, 1-RM was estimated with the 10-RM test, and physical performance was measured with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), get-up and go test (GUG) test and stair-climb test, at the start and end of 12 weeks of resistance training. Linear regression analyses provided standardized betas (β) that were comparable between the different associations between measures of muscle strength and daily activities.
RESULTS
Compared with the estimated 1-RM, isokinetic peak strength was more strongly associated with all performance-based measures. The associations between the estimated 1-RM and performance-based tests were not ranked in the order hypothesized (6MWT, GUG test, stair-climb test).
CONCLUSION
Contrary to the first hypothesis, isokinetic peak strength showed stronger associations with all daily activities than did estimated 1-RM. In addition, the second hypothesis regarding the activity-specific pattern for the 1-RM with regards walking, chair rising and stair climbing measurements was not confirmed.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Walking
PubMed: 35775838
DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v54.2942 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023Certain cut-off points for sarcopenia screening and diagnosis are arbitrary and based on European populations, with normative references often obtained from healthy...
Certain cut-off points for sarcopenia screening and diagnosis are arbitrary and based on European populations, with normative references often obtained from healthy young adults. Although respiratory skeletal muscle strength tests represent low-cost clinical measures commonly performed in clinical practice by health professionals, a gap remains regarding whether respiratory skeletal muscle strength tests are adequate and sensitive measures for sarcopenia screening. This study aimed to verify the value of handgrip and respiratory muscle strength as possible discriminators to identify sarcopenia and to establish cut-off points for sarcopenia screening in community-dwelling, Brazilian women. In a cross-sectional study, 154 community-dwelling, Brazilian women (65-96 years) were assessed for appendicular skeletal muscle mass, handgrip (HGS), and respiratory muscular strength, including maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). The data were analyzed using the ROC curve and the Youden Index determined cut-off points. Statistical significance was set at 5%. 88 participants (57%) were sarcopenic. MEP (OR 0.98 [95%CI 0.97, 1.00], p = 0.023) and HGS (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.75, 0.90], p < 0.001) were independent factors for sarcopenia in older. The optimal cut-off points for identifying sarcopenia were ≤ 77 cmHO for MEP (AUC = 0.72), and ≤ 20 kg for HGS (AUC = 0.80). Simple muscular strength tests, including HGS and MEP, may be considered in the identification of sarcopenia in older, community-dwelling, Brazilian women. Future work is still needed to assess external validation of the proposed cut-offs before the clinical application.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Female; Aged; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Independent Living; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 36707661
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28549-5 -
Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... Mar 2022To evaluate differences in physical impairment, muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle density between patients with hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (hEDS),...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate differences in physical impairment, muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle density between patients with hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), hypermobile spectrum disorder (HSD), and healthy controls.
METHODS
Female adults with hEDS (n=20) and HSD (n=23), diagnosed to the most recent criteria, and age-matched healthy controls (n=28) completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (physical functioning) and performed maximal muscle strength and strength endurance tests of lower and upper limbs (hand grip, posture maintenance, 30 seconds chair rise and isokinetic tests). Muscle mass and density were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
RESULTS
No differences in physical functioning and muscle strength were found between adults with hEDS and HSD. Furthermore, no differences in muscle mass and density were observed between the three groups. Nevertheless, when both patient groups were compared to controls, physical functioning, maximal muscle strength and muscle strength endurance were significantly lower (all p<0.001), except for the hand flexors.
CONCLUSION
Physical functioning, muscle strength, density and mass did not significantly differ between individuals with hEDS and HSD. Compared to controls, physical functioning and muscle strength (maximal and endurance) were significantly lower. Consequently, (functional) strength training in individuals with hEDS and HSD is necessary.
Topics: Adult; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Joint Instability; Muscle Strength; Muscles
PubMed: 35234154
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Oct 2009Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature that compared muscle strength in postmenopausal women who were and were not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature that compared muscle strength in postmenopausal women who were and were not on estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT).
METHODS
Twenty-three relevant studies were found. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as the standardized mean difference, and meta-analyses were completed using a random effects model.
RESULTS
HT was found to result in a small beneficial effect on muscle strength in postmenopausal women (overall ES = 0.23; p = .003) that equated to an approximately 5% greater strength for women on HT. Among the 23 studies, various muscle groups were assessed for strength, and those that benefitted the most were the thumb adductors (ES = 1.14; p < .001). Ten studies that compared muscle strength in rodents that were and were not estradiol deficient were also analyzed. The ES for absolute strength was moderate but not statistically significant (ES = 0.44; p = .12), whereas estradiol had a large effect on strength normalized to muscle size (ES = 0.66; p = .03).
CONCLUSION
Overall, estrogen-based treatments were found to beneficially affect strength.
Topics: Animals; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Muscle Strength; Rodentia
PubMed: 19561145
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp082 -
Nutrients Feb 2024Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary...
Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. We aim to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, function, and strength. Data were derived from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study in Sweden, including 719,70-year-olds born in 1944 (54.1% females). For independent variables, the diet history method (face-to-face interviews) was used to estimate habitual food intake during the preceding three months. Dependent variables were gait speed (muscle performance), hand grip strength (muscle strength), and the appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI). Linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between the dependent variables and each of the covariates. Several nutrients were positively associated with ALSTI, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA), selenium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, and protein. After correction for multiple comparisons, there were no remaining correlations with handgrip and gait speed. Findings of positive correlations for some nutrients with lean mass suggest a role for these nutrients in maintaining muscle volume. These results can be used to inform clinical trials to expand the preventive strategies and treatment options for individuals at risk of muscle loss and sarcopenia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Aged; Male; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Cohort Studies; Body Composition; Muscle Strength; Eating; Muscles
PubMed: 38398892
DOI: 10.3390/nu16040568 -
Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 2016Water-based exercises are recommended for people with osteoarthritis (OA), due to the beneficial effects on physical function, quality of life and symptom reduction.... (Review)
Review
Water-based exercises are recommended for people with osteoarthritis (OA), due to the beneficial effects on physical function, quality of life and symptom reduction. However, the effects on muscle strength are still controversial. The aim of this review was to assess and compare the effects of aquatic exercise programs on muscle strength and physical function in people with OA. A systematic search was performed at Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Clinical trials with interventions involving aquatic exercises for individuals with OA were included. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. 296 studies were found and twelve were selected: six studies comparing water-based exercises with land-based exercise, and six comparing water-based exercise groups with the control group. Exercise programs included muscle strengthening, aerobic, balance, flexibility and stretching exercises. Duration of the program, weekly frequency, intensity and progression varied between studies. Beneficial effects of aquatic exercise were found on physical function. However, only two of five studies that assessed muscle strength observed positive effect of aquatic exercise. Although it is difficult to compare studies and establish guidelines for the standardized protocol formulation, it was observed that water-based exercises can be effective on improving physical function and increasing muscle strength, since they are well-structured, with exercise intensity and overload controlled.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 27914601
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.09.003 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Aging-related muscle atrophy is associated with decreased muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS), and muscle function (MF) and may cause motor control, balance, and gait...
Aging-related muscle atrophy is associated with decreased muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS), and muscle function (MF) and may cause motor control, balance, and gait pattern impairments. This study determined associations of three speed-based gait variables with loss of MM, MS, and MF in older women. Overall, 432 older women aged ≥65 performed appendicular skeletal muscle, handgrip strength, and five times sit-to-stand test to evaluate MM, MS, and MF. A gait test was performed at three speeds by modifying the preferred walking speed (PWS; slower walking speed (SWS); faster-walking speed (FWS)) on a straight 19 m walkway. Stride length (SL) at PWS was significantly associated with MM. FWS and coefficient of variance (CV) of double support phase (DSP) and DSP at PWS showed significant associations with MS. CV of step time and stride time at SWS, FWS, and single support phase (SSP) at PWS showed significant associations with MF. SL at PWS, DSP at FWS, CV of DSP at PWS, stride time at SWS, and CV of SSP at PWS showed significant associations with composite MM, MS, and MF variables. Our study indicated that gait tasks under continuous and various speed conditions are useful for evaluating MM, MS, and MF.
Topics: Aged; Female; Gait; Hand Strength; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscles; Walking; Walking Speed
PubMed: 36011529
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169901 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with 808 and 660 nm wavelength on muscle strength and functional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with 808 and 660 nm wavelength on muscle strength and functional outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 47 participants were randomly assigned to the 808 nm, 660 nm, and sham control groups. Two LLLT groups received continuous LLLT with a mean power of 300 mW in different wavelengths at the knee joint 15 min a session three days per week for eight weeks, while the control group received the sham LED treatment. The knee strength and functional performance involving 30-s sit-to-stand, 40 m fast-paced walk, stair climbing, and the TUG test were measured at the baseline and one week after the interventions were completed. The results showed that knee extensor strength was more improved in the 808 nm group as compared to the 660 nm group (p < 0.001, d = 0.57) and the sham control (p < 0.001, d = 0.40), while increased flexor strength was demonstrated in the 808 nm (p = 0.009, d = 0.67) and sham control groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.97). The number of 30-s sit-to-stand was increased only in the 660 nm group (p = 0.006, d = 0.49). All three groups exhibited improvements in the other three functional performance-based tests after the interventions with no statistically significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, both intervention groups improved muscle strength and functional performance as compared to the control group. The 808 nm wavelength group showed better results in knee extensor strength. Therefore, laser therapy is suggested to be integrated into rehabilitation programs to improve muscle strength and functional performance in the population with knee OA.
Topics: Humans; Knee Joint; Low-Level Light Therapy; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis, Knee
PubMed: 36599881
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26553-9 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2023: Idiopathic anterior knee pain is a common condition in adolescents and is mostly of unknown cause. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the Q-angle...
: Idiopathic anterior knee pain is a common condition in adolescents and is mostly of unknown cause. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the Q-angle and muscle strength on idiopathic anterior knee pain. : Seventy-one adolescents (41 females and 30 males) diagnosed with anterior knee pain were included in this prospective study. The extensor strength in the knee joint and the Q-angle were monitored. The healthy extremity was used as a control. The Student's paired sample -test was applied for testing the difference. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. : There was no statistically significant difference in the Q-angle value between the idiopathic AKP and the healthy extremity ( > 0.05) within the entire sample. A statistically significant higher Q-angle of the idiopathic AKP knee ( < 0.05) was obtained in the female subgroup. No statistically significant difference ( > 0.05) was found in the male subgroup. Within the male subgroup, the strength of the extensors within the knee joint of the healthy extremity had statistically significant higher values than the strength of these muscles in the affected extremity ( < 0.05). : A greater Q-angle is a risk factor linked to anterior knee pain within the female population. Decreased muscle strength of knee joint extensors is a risk factor linked to anterior knee pain in both sex subgroups.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adolescent; Prospective Studies; Knee Joint; Lower Extremity; Muscle Strength; Pain; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37374224
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061016 -
Epidemiology and Health 2020Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life....
OBJECTIVES
Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults.
METHODS
Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week.
CONCLUSIONS
Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Smoking; United States
PubMed: 32777884
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020055