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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Desiccation-tolerance of cells of four strains of and individual strains of , , , and were measured by two methods. The survival of water-acclimated cells both in...
Desiccation-tolerance of cells of four strains of and individual strains of , , , and were measured by two methods. The survival of water-acclimated cells both in filter paper and on the surface of stainless-steel coupons were measured. In filter paper at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C, survival of patient isolates of and cells was 28% and 34% after 21 days of incubation, whereas it was 100% for the Sorin 3T isolate of . On stainless-steel biofilms after 42 days of incubation at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C, survival of water-acclimated cells of was above 100%, while cells did not survive beyond 21 days, and survival of water-acclimated cells of and was 18% and 14%, respectively. On stainless-steel coupons, survival of patient and Sorin 3T isolates of was quite similar, specifically between 14% and 28% survival, after 42 days of incubation at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C. The experiments would support the hypothesis that some nontuberculous mycobacterial species are relatively desiccation-tolerant, whereas others are not. Further, long-term survival of the two strains is consistent with the presence of that species in Sorin 3T heater-coolers shipped throughout the world.
PubMed: 35456138
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040463 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jul 2022
Topics: Clarithromycin; Discitis; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium chelonae
PubMed: 34924460
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8539-21 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Oct 2019The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is...
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is particularly concerning because it is a common disease associated with chronic infections in these fish. Infections are also a source of uncontrolled experimental variance that may influence research results. Live feeds for zebrafish are common and include paramecia (Paramecium caudatum), brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and rotifers (Branchionus spp.). Although nutritionally beneficial, live feeds may pose a biosecurity risk. In this study, we investigate transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum through these three live feeds. We show that all three live feeds ingest both M. marinum and M. chelonae and can transmit mycobacterial infections to zebrafish. This observation emphasizes the need for live feeds to be included in the consideration of potential biosecurity risks. This study is of importance to other beyond the zebrafish community, including those of additional aquatic models and those using live feeds for other types of aquaculture.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Artemia; Diet; Female; Fish Diseases; Male; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium marinum; Paramecium caudatum; Prevalence; Rotifera; Zebrafish
PubMed: 31418901
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13071 -
Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia... 2015A systematic analysis was made in view of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and main outcomes of mycobacterial endocarditis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
A systematic analysis was made in view of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and main outcomes of mycobacterial endocarditis.
METHODS
The data source of the present study was based on a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, Highwire Press and Google search engine for publications on mycobacterial endocarditis published between 2000 and 2013.
RESULTS
The rapidly growing mycobacteria become the predominant pathogens with Mycobacterium chelonae being the most common. This condition has changed significantly in terms of epidemiology since the 21st century, with more broad patient age range, longer latency, prevailed mitral valve infections and better prognosis.
CONCLUSION
Mycobacterial endocarditis is rare and the causative pathogens are predominantly the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Amikacin, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin are the most frequently used targeted antimicrobial agents but often show poor responses. Patients with deep infections may warrant a surgical operation or line withdrawal. With periodic multidrug therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing, and surgical managements, patients may achieve good therapeutic results.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 25859873
DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140113 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023We aimed to evaluate the activity of PBTZ169 and pretomanid against non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) and .
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the activity of PBTZ169 and pretomanid against non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) and .
METHODS
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antibiotics, against slow-growing mycobacteria (SGMs) and rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGMs) were tested using the microplate alamarBlue assay. The activities of bedaquiline, clofazimine, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, PBTZ169 and pretomanid against four common NTMs were assessed in murine models.
RESULTS
PBTZ169 and pretomanid had MICs of >32 μg/mL against most NTM reference and clinical strains. However, PBTZ169 was bactericidal against (3.33 and 1.49 log10 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively) and (2.29 and 2.24 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively) in mice, and bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium avium and . Pretomanid dramatically decreased the CFU counts of (3.12 and 2.30 log10 CFU reductions in the lungs and spleen, respectively), whereas it showed moderate inhibition of and . Bedaquiline, clofazimine, and moxifloxacin showed good activities against four NTMs and . Rifabutin did not inhibit and in mice.
CONCLUSION
PBTZ169 appears to be a candidate for treating four common NTM infections. Pretomanid was more active against , and than against .
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium chelonae; Clofazimine; Moxifloxacin; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections; Rifabutin; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37077530
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1115530 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Jul 2018Ibrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. There is growing concern about the risk of...
Ibrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. There is growing concern about the risk of opportunistic infections following ibrutinib therapy. Herein, we describe the first case of skin and soft tissue infection in a patient receiving ibrutinib and recount the challenges in treating this infection.
PubMed: 30090839
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy168 -
Current Tropical Medicine Reports Dec 2018Mycobacterial infections may affect any human organ and produce disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. Their most common clinical presentations include...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Mycobacterial infections may affect any human organ and produce disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. Their most common clinical presentations include pulmonary, cutaneous (skin and soft tissues), and disseminated forms. The skin and soft tissues are frequent targets of affection by mycobacterial pathogens manifesting as localized or diffuse disease.
RECENT FINDINGS
Overall, infections due to , , and are the most frequently recognized mycobacterial pathogens involving the skin and soft tissues. Additionally, all mycobacterial species of the nontuberculous group may also produce cutaneous disease. Of these, the most commonly identified organisms causing localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissues are the rapidly growing species (, , and complex), , and . Since the skin and soft tissues are important protective barriers for environmental pathogens, their disruption often represents the portal of entry of nontuberculous environmental mycobacteria (soil, natural water systems, engineered water networks, etc.). Additionally, some mycobacterial diseases affecting cutaneous structures occur after exposure to infected animals or their products (i.e., ). Mycobacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues may manifest with a broad range of clinical phenotypes such as cellulitis, single or multiple abscesses, subacute or chronic nodular lesions, macules, superficial lymphadenitis, plaques, nonhealing ulcers, necrotic plaques, verrucous lesions, and many other dermatologic manifestations.
SUMMARY
Geography and environmental exposure play an important role in the epidemiology of cutaneous mycobacterial infections. Mycobacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is an important cause of human suffering in terms of morbidity, deformity, dysfunction, and stigma. The diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacterial infections is challenging requiring a low threshold of clinical suspicion for obtaining skin biopsies of cutaneous lesions for acid-fast staining and cultures, and molecular probe assays to detect the presence of mycobacterial pathogens. The choice of antibacterial therapy combinations and length of therapy for cutaneous mycobacterial infections is species-specific.
PubMed: 34164254
DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0161-7 -
Nature Communications May 2022Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of chronic disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. Multidrug-resistant M. chelonae infections present a...
Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of chronic disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. Multidrug-resistant M. chelonae infections present a challenge for treatment, and prolonged antimicrobial courses lead to significant toxicities and further antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of refractory cutaneous disseminated M. chelonae infection in a patient with seronegative arthritis on immunotherapy with tofacitinib that was treated with combination antimicrobial, surgical, and single bacteriophage therapy with excellent clinical response. The patient developed neutralizing antibodies against the bacteriophage but continues to have stable improvement of disease with negative biopsies and no evidence of bacterial resistance to the phage.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Clarithromycin; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium chelonae; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 35504908
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29689-4 -
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Tuberculosis suspects, Southwest of China, 2017-2022.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023This study summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, species distribution, and drug sensitivity of clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at the...
OBJECTIVES
This study summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, species distribution, and drug sensitivity of clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, China, from January 2017 to December 2022.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with clinically isolated NTM strains. Chi-square analysis assessed the rate of strain isolation over 6 years.
RESULTS
The number of samples tested for (MTB) and/or NTM increased each year, while MTB detection decreased and NTM detection rose significantly each year (P=0.03). The average age of NTM patients was 51 ± 17.53 years, with a 14.1% HIV infection rate. The predominant isolates were (MAC) and /, with 96.4% of cases being of Han ethnicity. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were effective against and ; linezolid, amikacin, and cefoxitin were effective against /. Over 90% of NTM cases originated from the respiratory tract.
CONCLUSION
The NTM isolation rate in Southwest China has risen in recent years, primarily among elderly patients with a high HIV co-infection rate. The main NTM isolates were MAC and /. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and linezolid exhibited strong antibacterial activity against SGM, while amikacin and linezolid displayed relatively better antibacterial activity against RGM. The prevalence of NTM infection may be positively associated with regional economic development and health conditions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Adult; Middle Aged; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Clarithromycin; Amikacin; Linezolid; HIV Infections; Moxifloxacin; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tuberculosis; China; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38029240
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282902 -
Microorganisms Sep 2020The constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic... (Review)
Review
The constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic worldwide and have been associated with infections in a large number of organisms, including humans and other mammals and reptiles, as well as fish. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding this group of pathogens in fish. There, four species are most commonly associated with disease outbreaks: the most common of these fish mycobacterial pathogens, , , and . These bacteria have a broad host range: they are zoonotic, and infections have been reported in a large number of fish species. The main route of entry of the bacterium into the fish is through the gastrointestinal route, and the disease is associated with ulcerative dermatitis as well as organomegaly and the development of granulomatous lesions in the internal organs. are slow-growing and fastidious and isolation is difficult and time consuming and diagnostic is mostly performed using serological and molecular tools. Control of the disease is also difficult: there is currently no effective vaccine and infections react poorly to antibiotherapy. For this reason, more research is needed on the subject of these vexing pathogens.
PubMed: 32906655
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091368