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Journal of Infection in Developing... Oct 2022Mycobacterium fortuitum infections of the musculoskeletal system are commonly missed, given their rarity and the absence of systemic symptoms. In this study, we isolated... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium fortuitum infections of the musculoskeletal system are commonly missed, given their rarity and the absence of systemic symptoms. In this study, we isolated the M. fortuitum from the skin sinus tract of a traffic accident patient's right medial knee surgical incision (over the open fracture wound), and confirmed by Morphological analysis, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and mNGS. Then we adjusted the treatment plan and treated the patient with cefoxitin, amikacin, and doxycycline. At three months follow-up review, his wound had completely healed. This report may provide a reference for the clinical treatment of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in patients with open fractures.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Leg; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Amikacin; Mycobacterium Infections
PubMed: 36332221
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.16635 -
BioMed Research International 2018Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause various diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the prevalence of NTM-related disease has been on the rise, becoming an...
OBJECTIVE
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause various diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the prevalence of NTM-related disease has been on the rise, becoming an emerging public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of . We performed susceptibility tests on 37 clinical NTM isolates to 30 antibiotics with the microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Both and were highly resistant to antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, ethionamide, and rifabutin. showed the lowest resistant rates to cefoxitin (10%), azithromycin (10%), amikacin (10%), and clarithromycin (20%) and very high resistant to sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, and all fluoroquinolones. showed low resistance to tigecycline (0%), tetracycline (0%), cefmetazole (12%), imipenem (12%), linezolid (18%), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (0%), tobramycin (0%), neomycin (0%), and gentamycin (24%).
CONCLUSION
Amikacin, cefoxitin, and azithromycin have the highest activity against . Isolates of need to be individually evaluated for drug susceptibility before choosing an effective antimicrobial regimen for treatment of infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium fortuitum
PubMed: 30687747
DOI: 10.1155/2018/4902941 -
Journal of the Association of Medical... Mar 2022is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, ubiquitous in soil and water, but it is an uncommon cause of infections in immunocompetent hosts. Cardiac device infections and...
BACKGROUND
is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, ubiquitous in soil and water, but it is an uncommon cause of infections in immunocompetent hosts. Cardiac device infections and bloodstream infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria are rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with infective endocarditis and pacemaker lead infection secondary to .
PubMed: 36340848
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2021-0003 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... May 2017We performed molecular identification of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) and conducted drug susceptibility testing to analyze the in vitro...
We performed molecular identification of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) and conducted drug susceptibility testing to analyze the in vitro susceptibility of clinical M. fortuitum isolates and potential molecular mechanism conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone and macrolide drugs. The results showed that moxifloxacin had the highest in vitro activity against M. fortuitum, and most M. fortuitum isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and linezolid in China. The loss of genetic mutation in clarithromycin- and amikacin-resistant isolates indicates that some other intrinsic mechanism conferring clarithromycin and amikacin resistance plays an essential role in M. fortuitum infection.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium fortuitum
PubMed: 28549494
DOI: 10.3967/bes2017.049 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2019The understanding of species distribution and inducible macrolide resistance in the complex (MFC) is limited. Of 90 mostly respiratory MFC clinical isolates, half were...
The understanding of species distribution and inducible macrolide resistance in the complex (MFC) is limited. Of 90 mostly respiratory MFC clinical isolates, half were , followed by , , , and Most , , and isolates were inducibly resistant to clarithromycin, whereas two-thirds of the isolates were clarithromycin susceptible. Clarithromycin-resistant isolates exhibited common mutations of (39), potentially involved in clarithromycin resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium fortuitum
PubMed: 30885902
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02331-18 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2021is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) with weak pathogenicity. Here, we present a rare case of disseminated and coinfection in a human...
BACKGROUND
is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) with weak pathogenicity. Here, we present a rare case of disseminated and coinfection in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 28-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to 2 months of swelling of lymph nodes on the right side of her cervix, accompanied by repeated low fever for more than 1 month. Biopsy of the right cervical lymph node and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) both suggested granulomatous inflammation. The bacterial culture and mycobacteria examination of the lesion as well as HIV antibody test were all negative. Disseminated infection was diagnosed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results from the blood showing 1798 copies/ul. In the meantime, treatment with amphotericin B combined with cefoxitin was administered for suspected NTM infection. However, the once-dropped fever recurred and the lymph nodes continued to swell. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detection of the lymph nodes indicated . After combination treatment with amphotericin B, voriconazole, linazolamide, and imipenem, the patient's body temperature returned to normal, the lymph node swelling was gradually reduced, and the lung lesion was absorbed.
CONCLUSION
We report the first case of an HIV-negative patient diagnosed with disseminated and coinfection with nonspecific clinical manifestation, in order to heighten awareness of these infections.
PubMed: 34526784
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S316881 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect members of genus . Because of the rise in antibiotic resistance in mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis,...
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect members of genus . Because of the rise in antibiotic resistance in mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, mycobacteriophages have received renewed attention as alternative therapeutic agents. Mycobacteriophages are highly diverse, and, on the basis of their genome sequences, they are grouped into 30 clusters and 10 singletons. In this article, we have described the isolation and characterization of a novel mycobacteriophage Kashi-VT1 (KVT1) infecting mc 155 () and isolated from Varanasi, India. KVT1 is a cluster K1 temperate phage that belongs to family as visualized in transmission electron microscopy. The phage genome is 61,010 base pairs with 66.5% Guanine/Cytosine (GC) content, encoding 101 putative open reading frames. The KVT1 genome encodes an immunity repressor, a tyrosine integrase, and an excise protein, which are the characteristics of temperate phages. It also contains genes encoding holin, lysin A, and lysin B involved in host cell lysis. The one-step growth curve demonstrated that KVT1 has a latency time of 90 min and an average burst size of 101 phage particles per infected cell. It can withstand a temperature of up to 45°C and has a maximum viability between pH 8 and 9. Some mycobacteriophages from cluster K are known to infect the pathogenic (); hence, KVT1 holds potential for the phage therapy against tuberculosis, and it can also be engineered to convert into an exclusively lytic phage.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacteriophages; Genome, Viral; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Tuberculosis; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 37545854
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1173894 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2009Highly pathogenic mycobacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis are characterised by their slow growth and their ability to reside and multiply in the very hostile...
BACKGROUND
Highly pathogenic mycobacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis are characterised by their slow growth and their ability to reside and multiply in the very hostile phagosomal environment and a correlation between the growth rate of mycobacteria and their pathogenicity has been hypothesised. Here, porin genes from M. fortuitum were cloned and characterised to address their impact on the growth rate of fast-growing and pathogenic mycobacteria.
RESULTS
Two genes encoding porins orthologous to MspA from M. smegmatis, porM1 and porM2, were cloned from M. fortuitum strains, which were originally isolated from human patients. Both porin genes were at least partially able to complement the mutations of a M. smegmatis mutant strain lacking the genes mspA and mspC with respect to the growth rate. PorM1 and porM2 were present in different strains of M. fortuitum including the type strain. Comparative expression analysis of porM genes revealed divergent porin expression among analysed M. fortuitum strains. Repression of the expression of porins by antisense technique decreased the growth rates of different M. fortuitum. The effects of over-expression of porM1 as well as porM2 varied depending on the strain and the concentration of antibiotic added to the medium and indicated that PorM1 and PorM2 enhance the growth of M. fortuitum strains, but also the diffusion of the antibiotic kanamycin into the cells.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the important role of porin expression in growth as well as antibiotic susceptibility of the opportunistic bacterium M. fortuitum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene Order; Genetic Complementation Test; Humans; Kanamycin; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Porins; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 19203364
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-31 -
Microorganisms Sep 2020The constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic... (Review)
Review
The constitute a family of varied Gram-positive organisms that include a large number of pathogenic bacteria. Among these, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are endemic worldwide and have been associated with infections in a large number of organisms, including humans and other mammals and reptiles, as well as fish. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding this group of pathogens in fish. There, four species are most commonly associated with disease outbreaks: the most common of these fish mycobacterial pathogens, , , and . These bacteria have a broad host range: they are zoonotic, and infections have been reported in a large number of fish species. The main route of entry of the bacterium into the fish is through the gastrointestinal route, and the disease is associated with ulcerative dermatitis as well as organomegaly and the development of granulomatous lesions in the internal organs. are slow-growing and fastidious and isolation is difficult and time consuming and diagnostic is mostly performed using serological and molecular tools. Control of the disease is also difficult: there is currently no effective vaccine and infections react poorly to antibiotherapy. For this reason, more research is needed on the subject of these vexing pathogens.
PubMed: 32906655
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091368 -
IDCases 2021Endocarditis and cardiac device infection due to is a rare entity in the hospital settings. We report a case of pacemaker infection and native valve endocarditis due to...
Endocarditis and cardiac device infection due to is a rare entity in the hospital settings. We report a case of pacemaker infection and native valve endocarditis due to , which was associated with tricuspid valve vegetation. two days after admission with fever, chills, body aches and swelling around her pacemaker, the patient's pacing system was surgically removed. The patient was then discharged at day 16 after surgery and treated with a multidrug regimen of azithromycin, levofloxacin, imipenem/cilastatin, and amikacin for six weeks followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus doxycycline for a further three months.
PubMed: 34189045
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01200