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Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2017A 56-year-old woman, without any immunocompromising diseases, was referred to our hospital because of a recurrence of pyogenic spondylitis. Computed tomography revealed...
A 56-year-old woman, without any immunocompromising diseases, was referred to our hospital because of a recurrence of pyogenic spondylitis. Computed tomography revealed multiple osteolytic changes in the whole body. Vertebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis and spondylitis. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was detected in sputum cultures, in abscesses from the right knee, and in a subcutaneous forehead abscess. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection. The patient was treated with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin, which resulted in symptomatic relief and radiological improvement. We herein report a rare case of disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection in an immunocompetent host.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Clarithromycin; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin
PubMed: 28717096
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8181 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified...
The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPD-B and PPD-A). Infection with bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) can result in nonspecific reactions to these tests. We evaluated the performance of the skin test with PPDs and new defined antigens in the guinea pig model. A standard dose (SD) of Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum, M. persicum, M. microti, M. caprae and M. bovis, and a higher dose (HD) of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were tested using PPD-B, PPD-A, P22, ESAT-6-CFP-10-Rv3615c peptide cocktail long (PCL) and fusion protein (FP). The SD of R. equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis did not cause any reactions. The HD of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the SD of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum and M. persicum, caused nonspecific reactions (SIT). A CITT interpretation would have considered M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum groups negative, but not all individuals from M. nonchromogenicum HD, M. monacense HD and M. persicum SD groups. Only animals exposed to M. bovis and M. caprae reacted to PCL and FP. These results support the advantage of complementing or replacing PPD-B to improve specificity without losing sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Cattle; Paratuberculosis; Tuberculin; Mycobacterium; Tuberculosis, Bovine; Antigens; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 36806813
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30147-4 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive turtle species living in the wild has significantly increased in Poland. This proliferation carries many threats, which...
Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive turtle species living in the wild has significantly increased in Poland. This proliferation carries many threats, which mainly include the displacement of native species of animals from their natural habitats. Turtles can also be reservoirs for pathogens, including bacteria from the genus. In order to confirm or rule out the presence of acid-fast mycobacteria in the population of invasive turtle species, samples from carapace, plastron, internal organs and mouth cavity swabs from 125 animals were tested. Twenty-eight mycobacterial strains were isolated in culture, which were classified as atypical following multiplex-PCR reactions. The GenoType Mycobacterium Common Mycobacteria (CM) test, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PRA)- and DNA sequencing were used to identify the species of isolates. Of the 28 strains, 11 were identified as , 10 as , 3 as ssp. , 2 as and 1 each of and . The results of the research will also strengthen the understanding that these animals can be vectors for pathogens when living in the wild.
PubMed: 37111456
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040570 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Mar 1989Cadmium accumulation and transport were studied in two strains of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum differing in their susceptibility to Cd2+ toxicity. A 10-fold excess of...
Cadmium accumulation and transport were studied in two strains of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum differing in their susceptibility to Cd2+ toxicity. A 10-fold excess of either Zn2+ or Mn2+ partially antagonized inhibition of growth by Cd2+. 109Cd2+ uptake by both the tolerant and susceptible strains was temperature dependent and inhibited by a 10-fold excess of either Zn2+ or Mn2+. There were no significant differences in either the kinetics of 109Cd2+ uptake or the retention of accumulated 109Cd2+ by the tolerant and susceptible strains. Both tolerant and susceptible strains removed most of the cadmium from the culture medium, but significantly more was removed by cells of the tolerant strain. Most of the accumulated Cd2+ in the tolerant strain was in the particulate fraction, rather than in the soluble fraction. Intracellular accumulated Cd2+ was primarily in the soluble fraction of the susceptible strain. Increased Cd2+ in culture medium resulted in decreased Mn2+ and Zn2+ in cells of the susceptible strain but did not reduce the Mn2+ and Zn2+ content of cells of the tolerant strain.
Topics: Cadmium; Cadmium Radioisotopes; Culture Media; Drug Tolerance; Manganese; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Temperature; Zinc
PubMed: 2729929
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.33.3.350 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1996Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is most commonly recovered from children with cervical lymphadenitis, although it also accounts for approximately 2% of the mycobacterial... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Identification and subspecific differentiation of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum by automated sequencing of a region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kilodalton heat shock protein.
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is most commonly recovered from children with cervical lymphadenitis, although it also accounts for approximately 2% of the mycobacterial infections in AIDS patients. Species assignment of M. scrofulaceum isolated by conventional techniques can be difficult and time-consuming. To develop a strategy for rapid species assignment of these organisms, a 360-bp region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kDa heat shock protein in 37 isolates from diverse sources was sequenced. Eight hsp65 alleles were identified, and these sequences formed phylogenetic clusters and lineages largely distinct from other Mycobacterium species. There was incomplete correlation between serovar designation and hsp65 allele assignment. The hsp65 data correlated strongly with the results of sequence analysis of the gene coding for 16S rRNA. Automated DNA sequencing of a 360-bp region of the hsp65 gene provides a rapid and unambiguous method for species assignment of these acid-fast organisms for diagnostic purposes.
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; Chaperonin 60; Chaperonins; Child; DNA Primers; DNA, Ribosomal; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Lymphadenitis; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Serotyping; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8940463
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.12.3151-3159.1996 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2018Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature. The data on prevalence of NTM under the RNTCP is scarce. Many NTM species have clinical significance, and...
AIMS
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature. The data on prevalence of NTM under the RNTCP is scarce. Many NTM species have clinical significance, and hence their identification and speciation are important.
METHODS AND RESULTS
It is a cross-sectional study conducted at the five RNTCP accredited culture and drug susceptibility testing (CDST) laboratory. The culture isolates from AFB positive but Immunochromatographic test negative samples were taken for identification and speciation using HPLC. Of the total 266 isolates only 164 isolates had a second sample received at the laboratory. The speciation was done using HPLC for those isolates. The type of species identified are: 26·8% (44) were Mycobacterium chelonae, 12·8% (21) were Mycobacterium fortuitum, 9% (15) were Mycobacterium gordonae, 9% (15) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 6·1% (10) were Mycobacterium kansasii, 4·9% (8) were Mycobacterium simiae, 2·4% (4) were Mycobacterium thermophile, 1·2% (2) were Mycobacterium gastri, 0·6% (1) were Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, 0·6% (1) were Mycobacterium avium and 4·9% (8) isolates had chromatogram which was un-interpretable.
CONCLUSION
Identification and its speciation of NTM are not routinely done under TB control programme. Since HPLC could identify 95% of isolates belonging to 10 species, the speciation of NTM using HPLC should gain importance in the diagnosis of disease caused by NTM.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY
NTM are emerging as important causative agents of pulmonary and extra pulmonary disease, the ability to recognize disease caused by NTM and subsequently treat such disease has become increasingly important. The identification of NTM up to its species level should gain importance in all TB reference Laboratories.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; India; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 28990320
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13604 -
Medical Principles and Practice :... 2019Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) often cause disease that is clinically indistinguishable from tuberculosis. Specific identification is important as treatment varies...
Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Kuwait: Rapid Identification and Differentiation of Mycobacterium Species by Multiplex PCR, INNO-LiPA Mycobacteria v2 Assay and PCR Sequencing of rDNA.
OBJECTIVE
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) often cause disease that is clinically indistinguishable from tuberculosis. Specific identification is important as treatment varies according to Mycobacterium species causing the infection. This study used multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for rapid differentiation of mycobacterial growth indicator tube 960 system (MGIT) cultures as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or NTM together with INNO LiPA Mycobacteria v2 assay (LiPA) and/or PCR sequencing of rDNA for species-specific identification of selected MTB and all NTM isolates in Kuwait.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
DNA was extracted from MGIT cultures (n = 1,033) grown from 664 pulmonary and 369 extrapulmonary specimens from 1,033 suspected tuberculosis patients. mPCR was performed to differentiate MTB from NTM. LiPA was performed and results were interpreted according to kit instructions. rDNA was amplified and sequenced by using panmycobacterial primers.
RESULTS
mPCR identified 979 isolates as MTB, 53 as NTM and 1 isolate as mixed culture. LiPA and/or PCR sequencing confirmed 112 of 979 selected isolates as MTB. Mixed culture contained M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum. LiPA yielded 12 patterns and identified 10 species/species complexes among 47 NTM, M. kansasii + M. scrofulaceum in one culture and 5 isolates only at genus level. PCR sequencing yielded more specific identification for 22 isolates at the species/subspecies level.
CONCLUSIONS
mPCR rapidly differentiated MTB from NTM. LiPA identified 44 of 52 NTM isolates at the species/species complex level and 2 mixed cultures. PCR sequencing yielded more specific identification at the species/subspecies level. Rapid differentiation as MTB or NTM by mPCR, followed by species-specific NTM identification by LiPA/PCR sequencing is suitable for the proper management of mycobacterial infections in Kuwait.
Topics: DNA, Ribosomal; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 30763943
DOI: 10.1159/000498910 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2001Fluorescent acid-fast microscopy (FAM) was used to enumerate intracellular Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in the...
Fluorescent acid-fast microscopy for measuring phagocytosis of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum by Tetrahymena pyriformis and their intracellular growth.
Fluorescent acid-fast microscopy (FAM) was used to enumerate intracellular Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in the ciliated phagocytic protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. There was a linear relationship between FAM and colony counts of M. avium cells both from cultures and within protozoa. The Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain could not be used to enumerate intracellular mycobacteria because uninfected protozoa contained acid-fast, bacterium-like particles. Starved, 7-day-old cultures of T. pyriformis transferred into fresh medium readily phagocytized M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum. Phagocytosis was rapid and reached a maximum in 30 min. M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum grew within T. pyriformis, increasing by factors of 4- to 40-fold after 5 days at 30 degrees C. Intracellular M. avium numbers remained constant over a 25-day period of growth (by transfer) of T. pyriformis. Intracellular M. avium cells also survived protozoan encystment and germination. The growth and viability of T. pyriformis were not affected by mycobacterial infection. The results suggest that free-living phagocytic protozoa may be natural hosts and reservoirs for M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum.
Topics: Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Phagocytosis; Staining and Labeling; Tetrahymena pyriformis
PubMed: 11571139
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4432-4439.2001 -
Microbiology and Immunology 1986
Differentiation of Mycobacterium gordonae from Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium szulgai by susceptibility to enoxacin (antimycobacterial activity of enoxacin).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enoxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium; Naphthyridines; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 3467156
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1986.tb03022.x -
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory... Nov 1995Nineteen strains representing 13 species of mycobacteria were tested for the ability to serve as PCR templates for the production of a 293-bp fragment of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Nineteen strains representing 13 species of mycobacteria were tested for the ability to serve as PCR templates for the production of a 293-bp fragment of the mycobacterial mce gene. The mce gene is a virulence factor recently sequenced from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PCR products were obtained for only the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex. The fragment was sequenced from M. tuberculosis (one strain), M. avium (three strains), M. intracellulare (two strains), and M. scrofulaceum (two strains). Sequence comparisons suggest that the fragments from each of the species are regions that code for a similar product. One of the M. scrofulaceum strains yielded a sequence whose most probable reading frame was truncated by an amber stop codon caused by a single nuclei acid difference from the other sequences. The amino acid sequences from the non-MTC sequences cluster together, displaying fewer differences from each other than from the M. tuberculosis sequence and the truncated M. scrofulaceum sequence. Principal component analysis of the distance matrix displays the clustering of the M. avium and M. intracellulare sequences into single-species clusters. It is concluded that at least one open reading frame of the mce gene is found, although it is discernibly different, in pathogenic mycobacteria other than the MTC.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 8574846
DOI: 10.1128/cdli.2.6.770-775.1995