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Journal of Pathogens 2016In Nigeria, one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdened nations, sputum smear microscopy is routinely employed for TB diagnosis at Directly Observed Treatment...
In Nigeria, one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdened nations, sputum smear microscopy is routinely employed for TB diagnosis at Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) Centers. This diagnostic algorithm does not differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Between December 2008 and January 2009, consecutive patients diagnosed with TB were screened for inclusion at 10 DOTS centers in Ibadan, Nigeria. To verify Mycobacterium species in patients diagnosed, we cultured and identified mycobacterial isolates using PCR, line probe assay, and spoligotyping techniques. From 48 patients screened, 23 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All the 23 study patients had a positive culture. Overall, we identified 11/23 patients (48%) with MTC only, 9/23 (39%) with NTM only, and 3/23 (13%) with evidence of both MTC and NTM. Strains of MTC identified were Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) genotype (n = 12), M. africanum (n = 1), and the genotype family T (n = 1). Four M. avium-intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complexes, one M. chelonae complex, one M. abscessus, and one M. intracellulare were identified. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate molecular techniques for more precise diagnosis of TB at DOTS centers to improve clinical outcomes and safe guard public health, particularly in TB endemic countries.
PubMed: 27099795
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6547363 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 1992This paper reviews recent information on the systematics and clinical significance of potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria. A short history of these... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews recent information on the systematics and clinical significance of potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria. A short history of these mycobacteria is given. Information on species for which clinical and systematic aspects have already been well documented, i.e., Mycobacterium kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi, and members of the M. fortuitum complex, is updated. Although the M. avium complex was extensively reviewed in earlier literature, major new systematic and clinical information is presented in some detail. Species that have received very limited prior coverage, i.e., M. asiaticum, M. haemophilum, M. malmoense, and M. shimoidei, are the main subjects of this review and are discussed in detail. The rare infections attributed to species that are normally considered nonpathogenic, i.e., M. gastri, M. gordonae, the M. terrae complex, and most of the rapidly growing mycobacteria outside of the M. fortuitum complex, are critically reviewed. Finally, suggestions are offered for practical measures that can minimize the risk of failing to isolate or misidentifying some of the more obscure potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria that are only infrequently recognized.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections
PubMed: 1735092
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.5.1.1 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 1979
Structural studies on the type-specific antigens and lipids of the mycobacterium avium. Mycobacterium intracellulare. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum serocomplex. Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 9.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Chromatography, Gas; Glycolipids; Glycopeptides; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium avium; Serotyping; Species Specificity
PubMed: 438184
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2007To evaluate the effect of exposure to environmental mycobacteria on results of 2 commercial ELISAs for paratuberculosis in cattle.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of exposure to environmental mycobacteria on results of 2 commercial ELISAs for paratuberculosis in cattle.
DESIGN
Experimental trial.
ANIMALS
19 weaned crossbred beef calves.
PROCEDURES
Calves were inoculated SC with 1 of 5 mycobacterial isolates (3 calves/isolate) derived from herds with high proportions of false-positive serologic reactions for paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP; positive control inoculum; 2 calves), or mineral oil (negative control inoculum; 2 calves). Sera were assessed at intervals by use of 2 ELISAs (A and B) for paratuberculosis in cattle, and all calves underwent tuberculosis testing at the end of the study.
RESULTS
Neither mineral oil-inoculated calf had positive results with either ELISA during the study. Both MAP-inoculated calves were identified as seropositive via ELISA-A, and 1 calf was identified as seropositive via ELISA-B. By use of ELISA-A, > or = 1 false-positive reaction over time was detected in 2, 3, 3, and 1 of the 3 calves injected with Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, or Mycobacterium terrae, respectively. By use of ELISA-B, only M scrofulaceum induced false-positive reactions (2/3 calves). Calves that had at least 1 positive ELISA-A result were more likely to be classified as suspect reactors via the caudal fold tuberculosis test.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
False-positive serologic reactions may occur during use of commercially available ELISAs for paratuberculosis in calves experimentally exposed to environmental mycobacteria; naturally occurring exposures with these mycobacteria may represent a cause for high proportions of false-positive serologic reactions for paratuberculosis in some cattle herds.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; False Positive Reactions; Female; Male; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Species Specificity; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 17362168
DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.6.896 -
Journal of Virology Jun 1972Interpretation of an earlier published infrared spectrum of Mycobacterium smegmatis lipids with receptor site activity for D4 phage led us to the inference that the...
Interpretation of an earlier published infrared spectrum of Mycobacterium smegmatis lipids with receptor site activity for D4 phage led us to the inference that the active substance is very likely a mycoside C. This hypothesis was confirmed: the well-characterized mycosides C(s) and C(1217) elaborated by the heterologous strains M. scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium species 1217, respectively, are essentially indistinguishable from the smegmatis lipids in their behavior toward D4. Minute quantities adsorb and extensively inactivate the phage on appropriate incubations. In accord with derivative expectations, Mycobacterium species 1217 is a permissive host, attacked and lysed by D4. However, our current strains of M. butyricum, M. avium, and M. scrofulaceum, which reputedly produce various related mycosides C, are neither lysed by nor do they significantly adsorb the phage. Implications of these observations are discussed.
Topics: Adsorption; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dioxins; Infrared Rays; Lipids; Lysogeny; Microscopy, Electron; Mycobacteriophages; Mycobacterium; Phosphotungstic Acid; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 4113889
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.9.6.999-1003.1972 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 1980Disease-associated serotypes of Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. avium have been isolated from 32 of 141 rainwater tanks situated in the basin of the Fitzroy River...
Disease-associated serotypes of Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. avium have been isolated from 32 of 141 rainwater tanks situated in the basin of the Fitzroy River and its tributaries in central Queensland, 7 of 32 tanks situated in the hinterland of the coastal city of Rockhampton, and 2 of 32 tanks sampled repetitively in the southeastern Queensland city of Toowoomba. M. gordonae was also isolated from 23 of the river basin tanks, from 9 in the Rockhampton hinterland, and from 5 in the city of Toowoomba. One half of these isolates came from tanks which also yielded M. intracellulare. Mycobacteria of the M. terrae-M. triviale-M. nonchromogenicum complex were found in 7 tanks, usually in conjunction with M. intracellulare. The humans who consume the contaminated tank water are free of symptoms but have not been medically examined. It is suggested that mycobacteria adhering to dust particles disturbed by mechanical cultivation may be the source of contamination.
Topics: Australia; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium avium; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Rain; Rural Population; Serotyping; Urban Population; Water Microbiology; Water Supply
PubMed: 7356321
DOI: 10.1128/aem.39.1.48-53.1980 -
European Journal of Biochemistry Mar 1981The 'C-mycosidic' glycopeptidolipid typing antigens from all serovars in the Mycobacterium avium/M. intracellulare/M. scrofulaceum complex have been examined to varying...
The 'C-mycosidic' glycopeptidolipid typing antigens from all serovars in the Mycobacterium avium/M. intracellulare/M. scrofulaceum complex have been examined to varying extents. Detailed analysis of those from serovars 8, 9, 16 and 25 show that the antigens consist of short acetylated oligosaccharides linked to a common fattyacyl-peptidyl-O-(3,4-di-O-methylrhamnose) 'core'. The oligosaccharide units, in a form suitable for chemical studies, were liberated as oligosaccharide alditols on treatment of the glycopeptidolipids with alkaline borohydride solution. The alditol in the reduced oligosaccharides from all sources is 6-deoxytalitol. Moreover rhamnose is also always present, indicating that a 'basal' disaccharide, rhamnosyl-6-deoxytalosyl, is always linked to the allo-threonine in the acylpeptide. In addition the oligosaccharides from the glycopeptidolipids of each serovar are distinguished by their own individualistic sugars: 3-O-methylglucose in serovar 8; 2,3-di-O-methylfucose in serovar 9; 2-O-methylfucose in serovar 25; 4-O-methylrhamnose in the oligosaccharide from one of the two glycopeptidolipids in serovar 16 and apparently another rhamnosyl substituent in the other oligosaccharide. The glycopeptidolipid antigens in their structural principals, cellular location and physiological role bear a striking miniscule resemblance to cell wall components of other bacteria such as the O-antigenic and R-antigenic lipopolysaccharides.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Carbohydrates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycopeptides; Lipids; Mycobacterium; Oligosaccharides; Oxidation-Reduction; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 7227372
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06190.x -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Jan 1998
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 9498041
DOI: 10.1080/00015559850135977 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2000The LiPA MYCOBACTERIA (Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium) assay was used to identify mycobacterial isolates using culture fluid from positive BACTEC 12B bottles. The LiPA...
The LiPA MYCOBACTERIA (Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium) assay was used to identify mycobacterial isolates using culture fluid from positive BACTEC 12B bottles. The LiPA method involves reverse hybridization of a biotinylated mycobacterial PCR fragment, a 16 to 23S rRNA spacer region, to oligonucleotide probes arranged in lines on a membrane strip, with detection via biotin-streptavidin coupling by a colorimetric system. This system identifies Mycobacterium species and differentiates M. tuberculosis complex, M. avium-M. intracellulare complex, and the following mycobacterial species: M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. chelonae group, M. gordonae, M. xenopi, and M. scrofulaceum. The mycobacteria were identified in the laboratory by a series of tests, including the Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) test, the Gen-Probe ACCUPROBE, and a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene. The LiPA MYCOBACTERIA assay detected 60 mycobacterium isolates from 59 patients. There was complete agreement between LiPA and the laboratory identification tests for 26 M. tuberculosis complex, 9 M. avium, 3 M. intracellulare complex, 3 M. kansasii, 4 M. gordonae, and 5 M. chelonae group (all were M. abscessus) isolates. Three patient samples were LiPA positive for M. avium-M. intracellulare complex, and all were identified as M. intracellulare by the PCR-RFLP analysis. Seven additional mycobacterial species were LiPA positive for Mycobacterium spp. (six were M. fortuitum, and one was M. szulgai). The LiPA MYCOBACTERIA assay was easy to perform, and the interpretation of the positive bands was clear-cut. Following PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis, the LiPA assay was completed within 3 h.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium kansasii; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
PubMed: 10790121
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.5.1915-1919.2000 -
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jul 2024Exposure to Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) varies regionally and may partly explain the disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility.
INTRODUCTION
Exposure to Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) varies regionally and may partly explain the disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility.
METHODS
We examined NTM sputum colonization, associations with clinical characteristics, and tuberculin skin test (TST) responses in an adolescent TB prevalence survey.
RESULTS
Among 5004 adolescents screened, 2281 (45.5 %) were evaluated further. TB and NTM prevalence rates were 0.3 % and 8.0 %, respectively. Among 418 NTM isolates, 103 were unidentifiable, and 315 (75 %) comprised 15 species, the most frequent being M. intracellulare (MAC) (108, 26 %), M. scrofulaceum (96, 23 %) and M. fortuitum (51, 12 %). "NTM colonized" adolescents had less frequent chronic cough and night sweats (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.87and aOR 0.61, CI 0.42-0.89 respectively), and lower TST induration (median 11 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 0-16) vs 13 mm (IQR 6-17; p = 0.006)) when compared to "NTM not colonized" participants. MAC, but not M. scrofulaceum or M. fortuitum, was associated with decreased TST induration (median 7.5 mm (IQR 0-15) vs 13 mm (IQR 6-17) among "MAC colonized" vs "not colonized", p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We observed high NTM prevalence rates with species-specific associations with TST induration, consistent with a model of species-dependent heterologous immunity among mycobacteria.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculin Test; Adolescent; Kenya; Male; Female; Prevalence; Sputum; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Child; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Predictive Value of Tests; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38723342
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102514