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The Western Journal of Medicine Feb 1995The frequency of fulminant pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is relatively rare despite the high prevalence of Mycoplasma species infection in the general... (Review)
Review
The frequency of fulminant pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is relatively rare despite the high prevalence of Mycoplasma species infection in the general population. We recently encountered such a case and have reviewed the English-language literature on cases of M pneumoniae pneumonia that have resulted in respiratory failure or death. Due to host factors or on epidemiologic grounds, fulminant cases seem to be more common in young healthy adults, in males, and possibly in smokers among the 46 patients we found. An enhanced host cellular immune response may be responsible for the development of severe cases. A spectrum of small airways disease is characteristic, including cellular bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis obliterans with and without organizing pneumonia. Based largely on anecdotal experience, corticosteroid use may be salutary in patients with respiratory failure. For reasons that are not well known, the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism is increased in fatal cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 7725685
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of International Medical... Jun 2021(MP) pneumonia in children can be challenging to treat, and the impact of MP blood infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and clinical...
BACKGROUND
(MP) pneumonia in children can be challenging to treat, and the impact of MP blood infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MP septicemia among pediatric patients.
METHODS
Children hospitalized at our center for MP pneumonia between October 2017 and June 2018 were included. Healthy controls visiting our outpatient clinic for regular physical examinations were also enrolled. MP was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples.
RESULTS
Sixty-one children with MP pneumonia and 30 healthy children were included. Among children with MP infection, 31 (50.8%) were positive for MP by qPCR (19 in plasma samples, 8 in PBMC samples, and 4 in both). All healthy controls were negative for MP by qPCR.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MP septicemia in children with MP pneumonia is moderate. However, detection of MP in blood samples may have limited clinical value for guiding treatment.
Topics: Child; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prevalence; Sepsis
PubMed: 34167353
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211021733 -
Respiratory Research Jan 2024This study aimed to investigate the interactions among three core elements of respiratory infection-pathogen, lung microbiome, and host response-and their avocation with...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the interactions among three core elements of respiratory infection-pathogen, lung microbiome, and host response-and their avocation with the severity and outcomes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children.
METHODS
We prospectively collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a cohort of 41 children with MPP, including general MPP (GMPP) and complicated MPP (CMPP), followed by microbiome and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the association among pathogen, lung microbiome, and host response and correlate it with the clinical features and outcomes.
RESULTS
The lung microbiome of patients with CMPP had an increased relative abundance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and reduced alpha diversity, with 76 differentially expressed species. Host gene analysis revealed a key module associated with neutrophil function and several inflammatory response pathways. Patients with a high relative abundance of MP, manifested by a specific lung microbiome and host response type, were more prone to CMPP and had a long imaging recovery time.
CONCLUSION
Patients with CMPP have a more disrupted lung microbiome than those with GMPP. MP, lung microbiome, and host response interacts with each other and are closely related to disease severity and outcomes in children with MPP.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Transcriptome; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Lung; Nitrobenzenes; Organophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 38238712
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02687-4 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38380476
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000293 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Oct 2018
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Doxycycline; Humans; Levofloxacin; Macrolides; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 30344464
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e281 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine May 2022The prevalence of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia has been increasing. However, few studies have investigated the impact of respiratory virus coinfection...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia has been increasing. However, few studies have investigated the impact of respiratory virus coinfection in patients with MP pneumonia, and their results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia.
METHODS
This study enrolled 145 children hospitalized with MP pneumonia between May 2019 and March 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the respiratory virus coinfection and non-coinfection groups. All the children underwent polymerase chain reaction testing for respiratory virus infection. Information on clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings were obtained retrospectively via medical chart reviews.
RESULTS
Children in the respiratory virus coinfection group were younger than those in the non-coinfection group. Respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia was significantly associated with persistence of fever more than 6 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.394; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.172-4.892), severe pneumonia (aOR, 4.602; 95% CI, 1.154-18.353), and poor response to the stepwise approach for MP pneumonia (aOR, 4.354; 95% CI, 1.374-13.800). In addition, higher levels of liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase at admission were associated with respiratory virus coinfection in children with MP pneumonia.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia may be associated with refractory MP pneumonia.
Topics: Child; Coinfection; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Retrospective Studies; Viruses
PubMed: 35637540
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02005-y -
Respiratory Medicine Jan 2024The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical...
BACKGROUND
The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical manifestations and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively investigate whether chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is associated with its clinical features and outcomes.
METHODS
A total of 1,401 hospitalized children with MPP were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021. Imaging findings were categorized as bronchopneumonia and consolidation/atelectasis according to X-ray, and bronchopneumonia, consolidation/atelectasis, bronchiolitis, and mosaic pattern according to computed tomography (CT). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with different imaging classifications were prospectively analyzed based on electronic medical records.
RESULTS
Bronchopneumonia was the most common finding (59.6%), while consolidation/atelectasis was the most severe group. Clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators for the consolidation/atelectasis group included serious abnormalities. Further, outcomes of the patients were worse, including having longer total durations of fever and hospitalization, greater hospitalization expenses, and a higher likelihood of developing refractory MPP, necrotizing pneumonia, and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in this group. The incidence of bronchiolitis, a disease characterized by a high prevalence of fever, moist rales, and an atopic constitution, tended to increase after the coronavirus disease pandemic and predisposed patients to BO. A mosaic pattern occurred in allergic and young individuals, with wheezing as the main manifestation, with patients having relatively mild symptoms and good outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Different imaging classifications have different clinical features and clinical outcomes; thus, formulating an imaging-based classification system is of great clinical value.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bronchopneumonia; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Fever
PubMed: 38043865
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107480 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Feb 2015Coinfection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not uncommon in children with respiratory syndromes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of bacterial and...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Coinfection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not uncommon in children with respiratory syndromes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of bacterial and viral coinfection on mycoplasmal pneumonia in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
METHODS
Children coinfected with M. pneumoniae in a prospective study of the etiology of CAP at a tertiary pediatric facility Children's Hospital were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed. The data of clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of these children were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 59 children were enrolled and stratified into three groups: M. pneumoniae infection alone (n = 31), M. pneumoniae with Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection (n = 9), and M. pneumoniae with virus coinfection (n = 19). As compared with children infected with M. pneumoniae alone, coinfection of children with S. pneumoniae was more likely to occur under the age of 5 years with a longer duration of fever and hospital stay. Furthermore, total leukocyte count and serum C-reactive protein level were also significantly higher in these children (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference in clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes was observed between the patients infected with either M. pneumoniae alone or with virus coinfection.
CONCLUSION
In children with CAP, the influence on the clinical outcomes of M. pneumoniae infection may be heavily dependent on the coinfected pathogen. A potential coexistence of M. pneumoniae infection should be considered in children with features suggesting typical bacterial pneumonia.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Community-Acquired Infections; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prospective Studies; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Outcome; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 23927825
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.006 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2021Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the only pathogen in the Mycoplasma family that can cause respiratory symptoms, including acute upper respiratory tract infection and...
OBJECTIVE
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the only pathogen in the Mycoplasma family that can cause respiratory symptoms, including acute upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis, which are often attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). MPP is one of the diseases that commonly affects the pediatric respiratory system, but its pathogenesis is unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Qingxuan Tongluo formula and its main component, curcumin, on MPP.
METHODS
A mouse model of MPP was obtained by nasal drip of the MP strain. The effects of Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin on the treatment of MPP were studied. The proteomic profiles of the alveolar lavage fluid of mice in the model group, Qingxuan Tongluo formula group and curcumin group were evaluated by LC-MS/MS. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the possible presence of MP infection biomarkers and drug target proteins.
RESULTS
Compared with the mice in the model group, the MPP mice in the Qingxuan Tongluo formula group had significantly reduced fever and cough and prolonged the cough incubation period. Moreover, the pulmonary pathology of the MPP mice was significantly improved, and the lung histopathological score was decreased. After treatment with Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin, the functional and pathway abnormalities caused by MP were mainly inhibited. Levels of HSP90AA1, GRP94, ENO1 and PLG expression were verified by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.
CONCLUSION
Qingxuan Tongluo formula significantly reduced fevers and cough and prolonged the cough incubation period of MPP mice. Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin significantly improved the pathological changes in lung tissue caused by MP infection. Proteomics analyses indicated that Qingxuan Tongluo formula and curcumin may have therapeutic effects on MPP by regulating energy metabolism, relieving oxidative stress and activating the fibrinolytic system. ENO1 and PLG were found to be potential drug targets.
Topics: Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Curcumin; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lung; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Plasminogen; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Protein Interaction Maps; Proteomics; Mice
PubMed: 33378995
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110998 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The factors contributing to the severity of illness caused by...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The factors contributing to the severity of illness caused by M. pneumoniae infection are still under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of common M. pneumoniae detection methods, as well as to analyze the clinical manifestations, genotypes, macrolide resistance, respiratory microenvironment, and their relationship with the severity of illness in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia in Wuhan.
RESULTS
Among 1,259 clinical samples, 461 samples were positive for M. pneumoniae via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, we found that while serological testing is not highly sensitive in detecting M. pneumoniae infection, but it may serve as an indicator for predicting severe cases. We successfully identified the adhesin P1 (P1) genotypes of 127 samples based on metagenomic and Sanger sequencing, with P1-type 1 (113/127, 88.98%) being the dominant genotype. No significant difference in pathogenicity was observed among different genotypes. The macrolide resistance rate of M. pneumoniae isolates was 96% (48/50) and all mutations were A2063G in domain V of 23S rRNA gene. There was no significant difference between the upper respiratory microbiome of patients with mild and severe symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
During the period of this study, the main circulating M. pneumoniae was P1-type 1, with a resistance rate of 96%. Key findings include the efficacy of qPCR in detecting M. pneumoniae, the potential of IgM titers exceeding 1:160 as indicators for illness severity, and the lack of a direct correlation between disease severity and genotypic characteristics or respiratory microenvironment. This study is the first to characterize the epidemic and genomic features of M. pneumoniae in Wuhan after the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, which provides a scientific data basis for monitoring and infection prevention and control of M. pneumoniae in the post-pandemic era.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Epidemiology; Macrolides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Pandemics
PubMed: 38229068
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03180-0