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Journal of the Korean Association of... Apr 2021Bruxism is defined as a parafunctional activity during sleep or while awake that includes locking and grinding of teeth and clenching. It generates excessive occlusal...
Bruxism is defined as a parafunctional activity during sleep or while awake that includes locking and grinding of teeth and clenching. It generates excessive occlusal force that may lead to implant failure. Therefore, diagnosis of bruxism and providing specific protocols such as occlusal splint and/or injection of botulinum toxin before implant installation are important to prevent increases the risk of implant failure in bruxism patients.
PubMed: 33911049
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.2.149 -
Biomedical Journal Jun 2021Previous computer-generated splints were designed and produced without modification than the traditional occlusal splints, which did not facilitate surgeon's...
BACKGROUND
Previous computer-generated splints were designed and produced without modification than the traditional occlusal splints, which did not facilitate surgeon's intraoperative judgment in the single-splint two-jaw orthognathic surgery. Modifications of the digital occlusal splint can be achieved using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software. This study reported the design, clinical application and validation of a novel CAD/CAM occlusal splint.
METHODS
The maxillary and mandibular segments were fixed into the final occlusal splint and moved to the planned position according to the 3-dimensional simulation. The composite occlusal splint has 4 orthogonal bars to facilitate intraoperative assessment of the dental and skeletal midline, facial soft tissue midline, occlusal plane, upper tooth show, facial symmetry and facial bone position. To validate the surgical outcome, 5 parameters including pitch, roll and yaw rotations, midline deviation and chin position were measured on the virtual plan and the postoperative cone-beam computed tomography images to quantify the difference.
RESULTS
The results showed no significant differences in the 5 parameters between the simulation and postoperative images. The root-mean-square difference between the conventional splints and CAD/CAM surgical splint ranged from 0.18 to 0.31 mm by superimposition of the two image models. All patients were satisfied with the treatment outcomes. Overall, this novel occlusal splint is ideal for verification of the maxillomandibular position during surgery.
CONCLUSION
The novel composite occlusal splint provided useful and informative check to verify the maxillomandibular complex (MMC) position and facial appearance in single-splint two-jaw orthognathic surgery.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Humans; Mandible; Occlusal Splints; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Splints
PubMed: 34144940
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.004 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Nov 2022Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain activity so as to provide theoretical support to enable future studies on the subject.
STUDY SELECTION DATA AND SOURCES
Relevant case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews available in English were retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Of the 53 articles obtained, 12 were included.
CONCLUSION
The sensorimotor cortex is affected by changes in occlusion. It is speculated that occlusion could play an important role in the development of diseases, from anxiety and stress to Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Further investigations into the interactions between occlusion and brain function are needed to elucidate the parts of the brain that are affected when occlusion is disturbed and to determine whether brain function is altered.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dentists must consider that alterations in the occlusal pattern during mastication can lead to changes in the activation of different brain regions related to memory, learning, anticipatory pain, and anxiety. This suggests that mastication maintains the integrity of certain brain areas and that it may be a key factor in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
PubMed: 36267531
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.09.001 -
Dentistry Journal Aug 2023Data regarding the mechanical properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printed materials for occlusal splint manufacturing are scarce. The aim of the present study was to...
Data regarding the mechanical properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printed materials for occlusal splint manufacturing are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the flexural strength and surface hardness of modern 3D-printed occlusal splint materials and compare them with two control groups, namely, milled and conventional cold-polymerized occlusal splint materials. A total of 140 rectangular specimens were manufactured for the present study. The specimens were prepared in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization standards (ISO 20795-1:2013). Five 3D-printed (NextDent Ortho Rigid, Dental LT Clear, Dentona Flexisplint, Cosmos Bite Splint, and ProArt Print Splint), one milled (ProArt CAD Splint), and one cold-polymerized (ProBase Cold) occlusal splint materials were used to determine flexural strength and surface hardness values. The three-point flexure test was used for the determination of flexural strength values, while Vickers hardness was measured to determine surface hardness. Ten specimens ( = 10) of each material were tested using these procedures. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to analyze the obtained results (α = 0.05). The values of flexural strength ranged from 46.1 ± 8.2 MPa to 106 ± 8.3 MPa. The Vickers hardness values ranged from 4.9 ± 0.5 VHN to 20.6 ± 1.3 VHN. Significant differences were found among the tested materials ( < 0.0001). The milled and cold-polymerized materials yielded higher values for both flexural strength (only one 3D-printed resin had comparable results to cold-polymerized acrylics) and surface hardness. There are differences in the mechanical properties of the various tested occlusal splint materials. The flexural strength of most of the 3D-printed materials and their surface hardness values are still inferior when compared to the milled or cold-polymerized materials.
PubMed: 37623295
DOI: 10.3390/dj11080199 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2021Contradicting evidence regarding the effects of occlusal splint therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and promising results shown by muscle... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Contradicting evidence regarding the effects of occlusal splint therapy in the management of Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and promising results shown by muscle energy technique.
AIM
To determine and compare the effects of occlusal splint therapy, muscle energy technique, and combined treatment with education for self-management and counseling in the management of TMD.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS
Randomized clinical trial.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 160 participants diagnosed with TMD according to Diagnostic Criteria/TMD axis I were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with equal allocation ratio using random numbers table. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of pain in the preauricular area, TMJ and/or muscles of mastication and maximum mouth opening <40 mm. Group A participants received muscle energy technique, Group B participants received occlusal splint therapy, Group C participants received combined treatment, and Group D participants received education for self-management and counseling (control). Control group treatment was provided to all the trial participants.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Intragroup comparison was made using Friedman test and Wilcoxon test while intergroup comparison was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
Intensity of pain on a visual analog scale and maximum mouth opening were measured at baseline, at 1 week, at 2 weeks, at 1 month, and after 3 months.
CONCLUSION
Muscle energy technique, occlusal splint therapy and combined treatment significantly reduce pain compared to controls and muscle energy and combined treatment are superior to other groups for mouth opening improvements in patients with TMD.
Topics: Humans; Muscles; Occlusal Splints; Pain Measurement; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34810363
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_332_21 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost, mixed occlusal splint (MOS) compared to that of a rigid splint. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 adults of both sexes with possible sleep bruxism and satisfactory dental conditions. They were divided into rigid occlusal splint (ROS) (n = 23) and MOS (n = 20) groups. Masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain intensity (visual analog scale), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), indentations in the oral mucosa, anxiety, and depression (HADS), number of days of splint use, and splint wear were evaluated. All variables were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after splint installation (T0), and splint wear was evaluated at T6 and T12. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, non-parametric Friedman's analysis of variance for paired samples and pairwise multiple comparisons, Pearson's chi-square test, two-proportion z-test, non-parametric McNemar's and Cochran's Q, and Wilcoxon tests were used (p < 0.05). In both groups, there was a decrease in TMJ pain and pain intensity over time and improvements in the quality of life scores. At T6, there was a higher rate of splint wear in the MOS group than in the ROS group (p = 0.023). The MOS showed a higher rate of wear than the rigid splint but had similar results for the other variables. Therefore, the use of a mixed splint appears to be effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism.
Topics: Adult; Female; Male; Humans; Occlusal Splints; Splints; Quality of Life; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sleep Bruxism
PubMed: 38477803
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0017 -
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2020Postsurgical malocclusion is a possible sequela of care following segmental mandibulectomy and osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction. Patient-specific factors may make...
Postsurgical malocclusion is a possible sequela of care following segmental mandibulectomy and osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction. Patient-specific factors may make surgical correction an impossibility. In addition, conservative occlusal adjustments may be insufficient for correction of the occlusion. An alternative approach for the management of severe postoperative malocclusion is to fabricate a maxillary occlusal splint, which establishes interocclusal articulating surfaces and facilitates mastication. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the technique and utility of a maxillary prosthesis to correct posttreatment malocclusion in the oncologic patient.
PubMed: 33708608
DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_253_19 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2020Temporomandibular disorder is a multifactorial disease that causes pain in the jaw and face area with nondental origin, which frequently limits talking, chewing, and... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorder is a multifactorial disease that causes pain in the jaw and face area with nondental origin, which frequently limits talking, chewing, and other jaw activities. Various factors such as malocclusion, trauma, stress, parafunctional habits (clenching and bruxing), osteoarthritis, and synovitis play a role in its occurrence, although the etiology of these disorders is little understood. Several treatments are being used to treat these disorders. Ozone therapy has been recently introduced as one of these treatments. Considering that no extensive study has been found in this field so far, this study is aiming to report the studies that have been conducted to determine the efficacy of ozone injection therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders. This report addresses the studies which are conducted clinically, experimentally, and semi-experimentally over the past 10 years (2009-2019). The prepared articles are screened according to the inclusion criteria. In this study, total six related articles are addressed. One study was pre- and postintervention, and five studies were clinical trials. Studies show that although more studies are needed in contrast with occlusal splint, ozone therapy is generally more effective treatment for pain reduction compared to medication.
PubMed: 33816392
DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_105_20 -
European Journal of Dentistry Oct 2022Health promotion and disease prevention link intricately with lifestyle habits such as a healthy diet, physical activity, and good sleep quality. Temporomandibular joint...
Health promotion and disease prevention link intricately with lifestyle habits such as a healthy diet, physical activity, and good sleep quality. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction and associated disorders can take away sleep and well-being depending on the form and intensity that affect the individual. A multidisciplinary effort has contributed to significant health advances, improving clinical outcomes concerning TMJ dysfunction. This report presents the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian female physical educator with a good healthy diet with complaints of tooth tightening, constant TMJ and neck pain, and tinnitus. The patient was treated with inferior occlusal splint placement and selective occlusal adjustments based on neuro-occlusal rehabilitation. The patient reported relief of pain symptoms with occlusal and body balance, discontinued analgesic medication, and maintained the occlusal splint to practice sports and sleep due to the perception of improved physical performance and sleep, and quality of life. Based on this report, it is necessary to analyze the causes and define the effects of different disorders to establish their diagnosis and treatment and changing patterns to reestablish functional balance.
PubMed: 35820439
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749365 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2020This study aimed to demonstrate that the material of the occlusal splint can be chosen according to the needs of individual patients and contribute to the knowledge of...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to demonstrate that the material of the occlusal splint can be chosen according to the needs of individual patients and contribute to the knowledge of the wear rate of these materials.
METHODS
In this study, four occlusal splint materials (Sr Ivocap Heat Cured, Valplast, SR Ivocap Elastomer and Eclipse) and three antagonists (natural tooth enamel, inCoris TZI and IPS e.max Press ceramic materials) were used. Each wear test was performed using a chewing simulator (n = 16; test load: 50 N; number of cycles: 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000; continuous rinsing with water at 30 °C for the wet condition). The Shapiro Wilk test was used for normal distribution suitability. Antagonist on average wear quantities both main effects and interactions of material, cycle and condition factors were investigated by Univariate variance analysis. Multiple comparisons were examined using the Games-Howell test.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant effect of the difference in materials on the amount of wear (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference among the mean values of all materials (p > 0.001). The highest mean value was obtained with Eclipse (0,318 μm), and the lowest mean value was obtained with Valplast (0,134 μm).
CONCLUSION
Our study found differences in the in vitro wear rate among various occlusal splint materials.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Enamel; Humans; Materials Testing; Occlusal Splints; Surface Properties
PubMed: 32571384
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01165-9