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Australian Occupational Therapy Journal Jun 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Education, Distance; Education, Professional; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Internet; Occupational Therapy; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral
PubMed: 32538488
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12672 -
Occupational Therapy International 2019Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional's ability to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional's ability to manage the process of the intervention is structured around it, thereby influencing the effectiveness of the work carried out. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe (a) the historical development of this area of research from 1982 to 2017 and (b) the nature and volume of the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy and the evidence that exists today.
METHODS
A scoping review method was used to carry out an historical mapping of research on professional reasoning and to summarise the lines of research explored to date. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, the search identified 303 references.
RESULTS
The results are presented under three headings: (a) nature and volume of publications on professional reasoning in occupational therapy according to number and year of publications, journal, country, author, and line of research; (b) historical trends in the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy since 1982; and (c) methodological aspects of the research. Each of them is discussed through statistical analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The research about professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a field of empirical nature, in which qualitative studies predominate. Principal lines of research are focused on specific fields of practice, undergraduates, and theoretical aspects of professional reasoning. There were identified three historical phases with common features in terms of objectives and research methods.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Problem Solving; Professional Competence; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 31824234
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6238245 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jun 2019The purpose of this article is to summarize the Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association (DEBRA) International evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to summarize the Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association (DEBRA) International evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for the provision of occupational therapy (OT) for children and adults living with inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB). This is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility leading to blister formation occurring spontaneously or following minor trauma. Current OT practice for persons with EB is based on anecdotal care, clinical expertise and trial and error with collaboration between caregiver and patient. Intervention based on research is needed to establish a foundation of knowledge to guide international practitioners to create and improve standards of care and to be able to work effectively with those living with the rare diagnosis of this condition.This CPG was created by an international panel with expertise working with persons with EB. The panel was made up of 11 members including OT's, a physiotherapist, a medical doctor, social worker, person with EB and a carer of a person with EB. It describes the development of recommendations for 5 outcomes determined by survey of persons with EB, caregivers, and experienced healthcare professionals. The outcomes include independence in activities of daily living (ADL), independence in instrumental ADL, maximization of hand function (non-surgical), fine motor development and retention, and oral feeding skills. The recommendations are supplemented with additional files that include photos and specific examples to further guide occupational therapists or, in situations where an OT is not available, other members of the healthcare team.As the disorder of EB is rare, evidence-based CPGs are needed to provide a base of knowledge and practice for OTs throughout the world with the goal of providing quality care to patients, while improving their functional independence and quality of life. In addition, this information is valuable as a basis for further research.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Female; Humans; Male; Occupational Therapy; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31174559
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1059-8 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2018Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) 1915(c) waivers are the largest provider of long-term services and supports for people with intellectual and...
OBJECTIVE
Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) 1915(c) waivers are the largest provider of long-term services and supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). In this study, we explored how HCBS IDD waivers projected providing occupational therapy services in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015.
METHOD
Medicaid HCBS IDD waivers across the nation gathered from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to determine how they projected providing occupational therapy services in terms of service expenditures and utilization.
RESULTS
In FY 2015, $14.13 million of spending was projected for occupational therapy services of 7,500 participants. However, there was large heterogeneity across states and services in terms of total projected spending, spending per participant, and reimbursement rates.
CONCLUSION
Comparisons across states strengthen the profession's ability to assert the value of its services. These findings can help identify best practices and can advocate for the refinement of state occupational therapy programs.
Topics: Community Health Services; Developmental Disabilities; Health Expenditures; Humans; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; Intellectual Disability; Medicaid; Occupational Therapy; Resource Allocation; United States
PubMed: 29426389
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.024273 -
Occupational Therapy International 2023Occupational therapy (OT) educational programs are aimed at enrolling a diverse student population that is likely to succeed in the academic and fieldwork components of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Occupational therapy (OT) educational programs are aimed at enrolling a diverse student population that is likely to succeed in the academic and fieldwork components of the program. Comprehending the array of factors that influence students' learning and academic and fieldwork success is important for university educators. This study investigated the existing literature on predictors of academic and fieldwork performance in OT students.
METHODS
The search process used in this review included screening, eligibility, and study quality. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for literature published in the past 10 years (1 January 2012 to 30 March 2022). As a comprehensive search, the following keywords were used for abstract, title, and keywords sections: occupational therapy student, predictors, fieldwork, academic, academic success, academic performance, fieldwork success, and fieldwork performance. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument was used to assess the quality of studies.
RESULTS
The systematic review retrieved 14 articles that met inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional studies, followed by cohort, retrospective analysis of secondary data, and exploratory studies. Four articles focused on academic success, eight focused on fieldwork success, and two explored both aspects. Promising predictors of academic performance included the admission grade point average and the student's approach to studying. Predictors of fieldwork performance included a graduate record examination score, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal relationships.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review explores predictors of academic and fieldwork success in OT students, which provide opportunities to identify early the learning difficulties of students and assist educators to target modifiable predictors so they can provide high-quality education.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Retrospective Studies; Students; Academic Performance; Cognition
PubMed: 38046620
DOI: 10.1155/2023/7281505 -
Canadian Journal of Occupational... Jun 2024Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to psychological trauma through their work. Evidence shows that worker's compensation claims for work-related...
Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to psychological trauma through their work. Evidence shows that worker's compensation claims for work-related psychological injuries are on the rise for PSP. Occupational therapists increasingly provide return to work (RTW) services for this population. To explore the therapeutic practices and personal experiences of occupational therapists working with PSP who have work-related psychological injuries. This mixed methods descriptive study included a chart review of available occupational therapy client records from 2016 to 2020 for PSP with work-related psychological injuries from two Ontario companies. Additionally, a web-based self-report survey for Ontario occupational therapists providing RTW services to this same population was available from November 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022. The chart review included 31 client records and the online survey was completed by 49 Ontario occupational therapists. Therapists commonly provided services in clients' homes, workplaces, and communities, and focused on functional activities. The evidence base drawn on by therapists was not always occupation-based. Barriers to RTW included challenges with interprofessional collaboration, stigma, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational therapists are commonly working with PSP with work-related psychological injuries and have the opportunity to contribute to the evidence base for occupational approaches to RTW.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Return to Work; Ontario; Male; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; COVID-19; Occupational Therapists
PubMed: 38146163
DOI: 10.1177/00084174231222075 -
Primary Health Care Research &... Mar 2019This is the second article in a series of two about occupational therapy and primary care. The first article (see PH&RD….) described the position of the profession in... (Review)
Review
This is the second article in a series of two about occupational therapy and primary care. The first article (see PH&RD….) described the position of the profession in primary care across Europe and the scope of the profession. In this article the broad scope of the profession is illustrated with various examples of occupational therapy interventions. The interventions are identified by means of a literature search. A questionnaire (the questionnaire is available by mailing the author) was sent out to experts across Europe which resulted in both relevant literature and evidence-based examples. The evidence level of these examples differs from expert opinion (5), case series (4), case-controlled studies (3), cohort studies (2) and randomized-control trial (1). The article ends with recommendations in four areas how to develop, establish or strengthen the profession in primary care.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 32799994
DOI: 10.1017/S146342361800049X -
Occupational Therapy International 2009
Topics: Complementary Therapies; Humans; Occupational Therapy; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 19222051
DOI: 10.1002/oti.268 -
The American Journal of Occupational... Nov 2022Sleep is a foundational occupation in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.), yet little is known about how occupational therapists...
IMPORTANCE
Sleep is a foundational occupation in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.), yet little is known about how occupational therapists assess and address sleep in practice.
OBJECTIVE
To survey practicing occupational therapists' comfort with their level of knowledge about sleep, how they are assessing and addressing sleep in clinical practice, and the amount of sleep-related education they have received.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey study.
SETTING
Electronic survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Practicing occupational therapists were invited to participate in November 2020. Survey invitations were sent via email targeting occupational therapists serving as clinical instructors.
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The survey consisted of 41 items assessing comfort with sleep knowledge, occupation of sleep, and sleep education received. This survey was modified from a previous survey and tailored to the occupational therapy profession.
RESULTS
A total of 169 occupational therapists completed the survey. Most (87%) agreed that sleep was an occupation, but only 44% evaluated their clients' sleep, and 30% established treatment goals pertaining to sleep. In addition, 66% reported not receiving education about sleep in their entry-level occupational therapy program, and 78% reported receiving no continuing education about sleep in the past 2 yr. Most (92%) reported that occupational therapists should be better prepared to evaluate and treat sleep after graduation.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Most occupational therapists identified sleep as an area of occupation but had limited knowledge of how to assess and address sleep in practice. Entry-level occupational therapy education programs must enhance sleep-related curricula, and continuing education programs tailored to sleep issues within occupational therapists' practice are needed. What This Article Adds: The results of this study indicate gaps in occupational therapists' knowledge regarding how best to assess and treat sleep problems. We offer next steps to improve the profession's capacity to address the occupation of sleep.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapists; Cross-Sectional Studies; Occupational Therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sleep
PubMed: 36399390
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.049379 -
Occupational Therapy International 2020One way to facilitate occupational therapy undergraduate students transferring their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to professional settings is to ensure... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND/AIM
One way to facilitate occupational therapy undergraduate students transferring their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to professional settings is to ensure they can competently use diagnostic reasoning. Nevertheless, there are several obvious gaps in empirical evidence related to the learning and development of this style of reasoning in occupational therapy undergraduates. The most important are related to promoting higher-order thinking and the use of information to solve problems in the context of professional practice. This study analyses undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning and its changes during their education.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This multicentre study was conducted with a descriptive observational design. The study took place at the University of Coruña (Spain), University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), and University of el Valle (Colombia). The sample was = 247. For data collection, a clinical case was specifically designed. IBM SPSS Statistics (v19) and EPIDAT 3.1 were used for the data analysis.
RESULTS
Participants identified and categorized occupational performance problems. However, they had difficulties when identifying and categorizing the occupational performance components (specifically, the symptoms and signs of the disease presented in the study case). They presented limitations to analyse and synthesize the information collected to develop an explanation of the occupational problems and their causes.
CONCLUSIONS
Undergraduate students' ability to analyse and synthesize information during data collection is poorly organized, so it makes the problem formulation difficult. This study contributes to the knowledge of undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning features, specifically the undergraduate students' capacities and limits to process information during the occupational assessment.
Topics: Adult; Clinical Competence; Clinical Decision-Making; Competency-Based Education; Curriculum; Female; Humans; Male; Occupational Therapy; Problem Solving; Spain; Students, Health Occupations; Young Adult
PubMed: 32934612
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6934579