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Oral Oncology May 2011Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm that tends to recur due to bone infiltration. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the OM. The... (Review)
Review
Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm that tends to recur due to bone infiltration. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the OM. The following topics are discussed: clonal nature, matrix metalloproteinases, apoptosis and cell proliferation, genetic alterations, and other markers. Translational studies are necessary to identify the prognostic markers of this lesion, and also, molecular biology studies may help to identify the etiologic factors and to develop more effective and less aggressive approaches, other than surgery, to the treatment of this infiltrating odontogenic tumor.
Topics: Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Mandibular Neoplasms; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Maxillary Neoplasms; Myxoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Prognosis
PubMed: 21444236
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.006 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2021The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) gene family is a group of tumor suppressor genes that play important roles in cell cycle control, senescence, DNA repair, cell...
UNLABELLED
The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) gene family is a group of tumor suppressor genes that play important roles in cell cycle control, senescence, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. However, inactivation and downregulation of these proteins have been related in some neoplasms. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical profiles of ING3 and ING4 proteins in a series of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions.
METHODS
The sample comprised of 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 20 ameloblastomas (AM), and 15 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) specimens. Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunolabeling of ING3 and ING4 were semi-quantitatively evaluated in epithelial cells of the odontogenic lesions, according to the percentage of immunolabelled cells in each case. Descriptive and statistics analysis were computed, and the p-value was set at 0.05.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in cytoplasmic and nuclear ING3 immunolabeling among the studied lesions. In contrast, AOTs presented higher cytoplasmic and nuclear ING4 labeling compared to AMs (cytoplasmic p-value = 0.01; nuclear p-value < 0.001) and OKCs (nuclear p-value = 0.007).
CONCLUSION
ING3 and ING4 protein downregulation may play an important role in the initiation and progression of more aggressive odontogenic lesions, such as AMs and OKCs.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
PubMed: 34787253
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104279 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, histopathological features, and recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) from a large single institute...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance, histopathological features, and recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) from a large single institute registry over a 36-year period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 226 cases of OKC were identified in 174 patients over a 36-year period in a single institute in Southwestern Finland. Histological specimens were re-evaluated. The patient's age, sex, location, recurrence, and histopathological features of the OKC were the study variables.
RESULTS
OKCs occurred more frequently in men, the mean age was 46 years, and the most frequent site was the lower jaw. Recurrence rate was 21%. Histopathologically, inflammation was present in 95% and satellite cysts in 10% of cases. In patients diagnosed with satellite cysts, OKC recurred in 50% of cases, while the corresponding figure for patients without satellite cysts was 17%.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the literature, patients were older and inflamed cysts were found more frequently. Satellite cysts occurred only in association with chronic inflammation. Based on the results, regular radiographic evaluation is important among patients aged 10-29 years to detect OKCs and to treat them before enlargement, infection, and inflammation. Satellite cysts should be reported and may be a sign of increased risk of OKC recurrence.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Mandible; Inflammation
PubMed: 37794837
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.796 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2023Homeobox genes play crucial roles in tooth morphogenesis and development and thus mutations in homeobox genes cause developmental disorders such as odontogenic lesions.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Homeobox genes play crucial roles in tooth morphogenesis and development and thus mutations in homeobox genes cause developmental disorders such as odontogenic lesions. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and compile available data from the literatures on the topic of homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions.
METHOD
An electronic search to collate all the information on studies on homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions was carried out in four databases (PubMed, EBSCO host, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) with selected keywords. All papers which reported expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were considered.
RESULTS
A total of eleven (11) papers describing expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were identified. Methods of studies included next generation sequencing, microarray analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The homeobox reported in odontogenic lesions includes LHX8 and DLX3 in odontoma; PITX2, MSX1, MSX2, DLX, DLX2, DLX3, DLX4, DLX5, DLX6, ISL1, OCT4 and HOX C in ameloblastoma; OCT4 in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour; PITX2 and MSX2 in primordial odontogenic tumour; PAX9 and BARX1 in odontogenic keratocyst; PITX2, ZEB1 and MEIS2 in ameloblastic carcinoma while there is absence of DLX2, DLX3 and MSX2 in clear cell odontogenic carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper summarized and reviews the possible link between homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions. Based on the current available data, there are insufficient evidence to support any definite role of homeobox gene in odontogenic lesions.
Topics: Humans; Genes, Homeobox; Homeodomain Proteins; Transcription Factors; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Carcinoma; Odontogenic Cysts
PubMed: 36344906
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01481-2 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2017Odontogenic cysts and osseous lesions are often seen as challenging diagnostic lesions but the majority of them are easily classified. This article outlines the... (Review)
Review
Odontogenic cysts and osseous lesions are often seen as challenging diagnostic lesions but the majority of them are easily classified. This article outlines the diagnostic features required for separating the most common of odontogenic cysts and select osseous lesions of the jaws. Clinical and radiographic findings of these jaw lesions often lead to a differential diagnosis that only the histologic findings will clarify. Dentigerous cyst, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and certain ameloblastomas that have cystic change, may have identical radiographic findings, with only separation by their specific histologic features leading to the significantly different treatments required for each. Conversely, some cystic lesions can appear histologically identical and cannot be diagnosed without the radiographic findings. Certain osseous lesions of the jaws are particularly problematic for diagnosis without the appropriate radiographic findings, and the diagnosis should probably not be attempted on the histologic findings alone. This article will integrate the necessary clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings required to address the most common odontogenic lesions.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Jaw Cysts; Jaw Neoplasms; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 28060370
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.191 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and a lack of pathognomonic markers for diagnosis exists.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to summarize findings from the available literature to provide up-to-date information on sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and to analyse clinical, radiological, and histopathological features to obtain information for and against as an odontogenic malignancy.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive review of literature by searching Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases, according to PRISMA guidelines. All the cases reported as sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in English were included. Data retrieved from the articles were gender, age, clinical features, site, relevant medical history, radiographical findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, treatments provided and prognosis.
RESULTS
Mean age at diagnosis of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was 54.4 years with a very slight female predilection. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was commonly reported in the mandible as an expansile swelling which can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or paraesthesia. They appeared radiolucent with cortical resorption in radiograph evaluation. Histologically, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was composed of epithelioid cells in dense, fibrous, or sclerotic stroma with equivocal perineural invasion. Mild cellular atypia and inconspicuous mitotic activity were observed. There is no specific immunohistochemical marker for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK19, p63 and E-cadherin were the widely expressed markers for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. Surgical resection was the main treatment provided with no recurrence in most cases. No cases of metastasis were reported.
CONCLUSION
From the literature available, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma is justifiable as a malignant tumor with no or unknown metastatic potential which can be adequately treated with surgical resection. However, there is insufficient evidence for histological grading or degree of malignancy of this tumor.
Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mandible; Mouth Neoplasms; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 33715971
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.007 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2016Odontogenic myxomas are a rare benign odontogenic mesenchymal tumor found exclusively in the tooth-bearing area of the jaw and are usually located centrally in the...
Odontogenic myxomas are a rare benign odontogenic mesenchymal tumor found exclusively in the tooth-bearing area of the jaw and are usually located centrally in the mandible. Soft tissue localization is rarely seen and is classified as peripheral odontogenic myxoma (POM). POM is slow growing and less aggressive as compared to central myxoma. It has a low recurrence rate, comprises 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors. Only a few cases of POM on maxillary gingiva are reported in the literature. Here, we present an unusual case of primary POM occurring in the gingiva of anterior maxilla in a 14-year-old female patient.
Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Maxillary Neoplasms; Myxoma; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 27723644
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.191896 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare, mixed odontogenic neoplasm composed of spindled and stellate-shaped cells in myxoid stroma resembling dental papilla,...
Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare, mixed odontogenic neoplasm composed of spindled and stellate-shaped cells in myxoid stroma resembling dental papilla, surfaced by cuboidal-to-columnar odontogenic epithelium. Most POTs present in the posterior mandible as a well-demarcated radiolucency associated with a developing tooth in children and adolescents. POT is treated conservatively with no recurrences documented to-date. To describe the clinicopathological features of a recurrent POT. A 19-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic swelling, and panoramic radiograph revealed a multiloculated radiolucency in the mandibular body and ramus, with buccal and lingual perforation. The tumor was composed of plump spindle and stellate cells in a delicately collagenous and myxoid stroma, surfaced by columnar epithelial cells with reverse nuclear polarization. There was extensive epithelial proliferation forming invaginations within the tumor mass and organoid/enamel organ-like structures with enameloid-like deposits, dentinoid, and dystrophic calcifications. This was similar to the POT that had been excised four years prior from the same location. The patient underwent hemi-mandibulectomy and currently is free of disease at a thirteen-month follow-up. This report describes the first recurrent POT exhibiting extensive epithelial proliferation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Mandible; Odontogenic Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34224080
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01354-0 -
Frequency of Odontogenic Tumors: A Single Center Study of 1089 Cases in Japan and Literature Review.Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022Several attempts have been made to classify odontogenic tumors; however, the need for a uniform international classification system led the World Health Organization... (Review)
Review
Several attempts have been made to classify odontogenic tumors; however, the need for a uniform international classification system led the World Health Organization (WHO) to present a classification of odontogenic tumors in 1971. We aimed to evaluate the number and types of odontogenic tumors examined at the Tokyo Dental College Hospital in Japan to determine the frequency and types of odontogenic tumors, based on the 2017 WHO classification system, as this information has not been reported previously in Japan. We also compared the results of our evaluation with those reported in previous studies. We conducted a clinicopathological evaluation of odontogenic tumors examined at the Tokyo Dental College Hospital between 1975 and 2020. This included an analysis of 1089 cases (malignant, n = 10, 0.9%; benign, n = 1079, 99.1%) based on the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. We identified 483 (44.3%), 487 (44.7%), and 109 (10.0%) benign epithelial odontogenic, mixed odontogenic, and mesenchymal tumors, respectively. The most common tumor types were odontoma (42.5%) and ameloblastoma (41.9%). Of the 1089 cases, 585 (53.7%) and 504 (46.3%) were male and female patients, respectively. Ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma occurred more commonly in male patients, whereas odontogenic fibroma and cemento-ossifying fibroma affected female patients primarily. The age at diagnosis ranged from three to 87 (mean, 29.05) years. In 319 (29.3%) patients, the age at diagnosis ranged from 10 to 19 years. Ameloblastoma and odontoma were the most common tumor types among patients in their 20s and those aged 10-19 years, respectively. In 737 (67.7%) and 726 (66.7%) patients, the tumors were located in the mandible and posterior region, respectively. Ameloblastoma was particularly prevalent in the posterior mandible. Odontogenic tumors are rare lesions and appear to show a definite geographic variation.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Female; Fibroma, Ossifying; Humans; Japan; Male; Odontogenic Tumors; Odontoma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34716904
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01390-w -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jun 2014Some dental abnormalities have environmental causes. Other odontogenic alterations are idiopathic and may have hereditary etiologies. Investigations of these conditions... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Some dental abnormalities have environmental causes. Other odontogenic alterations are idiopathic and may have hereditary etiologies. Investigations of these conditions are ongoing.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a discussion of developmental odontogenic abnormalities and benign odontogenic overgrowths and neoplasms for which genetic alterations have been well demonstrated and well documented.
DATA SOURCES
Relevant peer-reviewed literature.
CONCLUSIONS
The understanding of benign odontogenic lesions at a molecular level is rather well developed for some lesions and at the initial stages for many others. Further characterization of the molecular underpinnings of these and other odontogenic lesions would result in an enhanced comprehension of odontogenesis and the pathogenesis of a variety of odontogenic aberrations. These advancements may lead to better prevention and treatment paradigms and improved patient outcomes.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Anodontia; Dentin Dysplasia; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Humans; Mutation; Odontogenesis; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Odontoma; Tooth Abnormalities; Tooth, Supernumerary
PubMed: 24878015
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0057-SA