-
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2018When selecting external medicines for the treatment of skin diseases, it is thought to be very important to consider differences in characteristics of their bases,...
When selecting external medicines for the treatment of skin diseases, it is thought to be very important to consider differences in characteristics of their bases, because the bases may influence the clinical efficacy of the medicines. In this study, we investigated whether the differences in characteristics of three kinds of bases, white petrolatum, macrogol ointment, and aqueous gel affect wound healing. In vitro moisture permeability tests demonstrated that these bases have different characteristics in coatability and water retentivity, with the rank order of the intensity of coatability as white petrolatum>macrogol ointment>aqueous gel, and that of water retentivity as macrogol ointment>white petrolatum>aqueous gel. Similar rank order of these bases was observed for transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum water content in the dry skin on the abdomen of guinea pigs induced by topical application of acetone/ether mixture, followed by water. In addition, we found that treatment with macrogol ointment, but not white petrolatum or aqueous gel, significantly accelerated wound healing in rat skin, and that the contents of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the skin treated with macrogol ointment were significantly higher compared with non-treated skin. In conclusion, these results imply an important role of the bases of external medicines in the treatment of skin diseases.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Epidermal Growth Factor; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Gels; Guinea Pigs; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Ointment Bases; Ointments; Permeability; Petrolatum; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Water; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30381650
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00098 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2021Petrolatum ointment, which is an oleaginous ointment, is generally produced through manufacturing processes such as melting, mixing, and cooling. In this type of...
Petrolatum ointment, which is an oleaginous ointment, is generally produced through manufacturing processes such as melting, mixing, and cooling. In this type of semisolid formulation, the manufacturing conditions of each process are empirically known to affect the quality of the resultant preparation; however, in many cases, the details of the factors are unclear. To clearly investigate the influence of the pharmaceutical properties of petrolatum ointments, we manufactured several ointments while changing the conditions of the mixing and cooling process after melting white petrolatum. As a result, the temperature at the termination was determined to influence the pharmaceutical properties of the final product. To investigate these phenomena, each petrolatum ointment sample was examined via digital microscopy and laser Raman analysis, and the distribution of the liquid-solid parts of samples was investigated. The internal structure of the ointment sample manufactured at a mixing-stop temperature of 40 °C, the needle crystals and the spherical aggregates surrounding them appropriately coexisted, while the structure exhibited a state wherein the two were linked in a semisolid phase. Meanwhile, for the ointment sample manufactured under the lowest mixing-stop temperature of 25 °C, the liquid part and the spherical aggregates were clearly separated, indicating that the liquid part was easily separated from ointments. In addition, the distribution of the hydrocarbons among the samples was measured via GC-MS; no significant difference in chemical structure was observed. In conclusion, the internal structure of the petrolatum ointment was changed by the manufacturing conditions, and this affected the pharmaceutical properties.
Topics: Drug Compounding; Hydrocarbons; Ointments; Petrolatum; Rheology; Temperature
PubMed: 33790080
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00860 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2019We aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor combined with compound polymyxin B ointment and the local application... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Observation of curative effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor combined with compound polymyxin B ointment and local application of insulin on wound healing of deep second-degree burn in diabetes mellitus: a randomized study.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor combined with compound polymyxin B ointment and the local application of insulin on wound healing of deep second-degree burn in diabetes mellitus.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
80 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with deep second-degree burn treated from 2016 to December 2017 were selected and divided into observation group (n=40) and control group (n=40) using the random number method. Patients in control group were treated with compound polymyxin B ointment, while those in observation group were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor based on the treatment in control group. The time of wound pain relief, wound scarring, and wound healing was compared.
RESULTS
The number of positive bacteria in the wound was recorded and the duration of infection was also recorded. Moreover, the changes in the expressions of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were analyzed. In observation group, the time of wound pain relief, wound scarring, and wound healing was significantly shorter than that in control group (p<0.05). At 3, 14, and 28 days after the treatment, the levels of AGEs in observation group were lower than those in control group, while the levels of VEGF in the observation group were higher than those in control group (p<0.05). The proportions of wound infection, skin necrosis, systemic blood infection, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia and the ineffective rate in observation group were significantly lower than that in control group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The application of compound polymyxin B ointment and the local application of insulin combined with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor in diabetes mellitus patients complicated with a deep second-degree burn can effectively alleviate the pain, reduce the wound infection rate, promote the wound healing, and improve the overall therapeutic effect.
Topics: Burns; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Ointment Bases; Polymyxin B; Recombinant Proteins; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31298350
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201907_18345 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2021Our aim was to determine the surface free energy (SFE) of semi-solid dosage forms (SSDFs) by establishing a reproducible method for measuring the contact angle of...
Our aim was to determine the surface free energy (SFE) of semi-solid dosage forms (SSDFs) by establishing a reproducible method for measuring the contact angle of liquids to SSDFs. Four SSDFs were used: petrolatum, an oil/water (O/W) and a water/oil (W/O) cream, and an alcohol-based gel. The SSDFs were evenly spread on a glass slide, and the change in contact angle over time was measured by dropping water, glycerol, diiodomethane and n-hexadecane as the test liquids. Depending on the combination of test liquid and SSDF, the contact angle was either constant or decreased in an exponential manner. Contact angles may have decreased in an exponential manner because the reaction between the test liquid and the SSDF altered the interfacial tension between the two phases and changed the surface tension of the test liquid and the SFE of the SSDF. The contact angle of the test liquid to the SSDF could be determined reproducibly using the initial contact angle immediately after dropping the liquid on the SSDF as the contact angle before reaction. Using the obtained contact angles and the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble equation, we calculated the SFE and its component for the SSDFs tested and found that the results reflect the physicochemical properties of SSDFs. Furthermore, the work of adhesion (W) of the SSDF to Yucatan micropig skin was calculated using the SFE for the SSDFs. Interestingly, the W values for all SSDFs tested were comparable.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Drug Compounding; Glycerol; Humans; Petrolatum; Phase Transition; Skin; Surface Tension; Swine; Thermodynamics; Wettability
PubMed: 34719590
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00537 -
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 2021Medicinal plants play an important role in treating various diseases. Hiern is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of wounds. However,...
BACKGROUND
Medicinal plants play an important role in treating various diseases. Hiern is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of wounds. However, there were no scientific reports documented so far on the wound healing activities to substantiate the claim. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the crude extract as well as solvent fractions of the leaves of Hiern.
METHODS
Extraction was carried out by maceration using 80% methanol and part of the crude extract fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. Simple ointment bases were prepared using hard paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, white soft paraffin and wool fat according to British Pharmacopoeia. Then, two types of ointment formulations were prepared from the extract, ie, 5% w/w and 10% w/w. Mice and rats were employed for wound healing study and dermal toxicity test, respectively. Wound healing effects were evaluated by percent of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength, and histological analysis as parameters in excision, incision, and burn wound models. Finally, the data were expressed as mean ± SEM, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey-test.
RESULTS
In the excision wound model, the 10% w/w crude extract ointment showed significant wound contraction ( < 0.001) from day 4 to day 18 as compared to the negative control. Both the 5% w/w ( < 0.001) and 10% w/w ( < 0.05) crude extract ointments have showed statistically significant difference in epithelialization period as compared to the negative control. Groups treated with the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions ointments in incision wound model showed a statistically significant ( < 0.001) increase in tensile. The 10% w/w and 5% w/w ointments of the crude extract showed a significant ( < 0.001) increase in breaking strength compared to simple ointment and the untreated control groups. In burn wound model, significant reduction in epithelialization period was observed in 5% w/w ( < 0.05) and 10% w/w ( < 0.001), and the percentage of wound contraction was significantly increased in most of post wounding days by 10% w/w ( < 0.001) and 5% w/w ( < 0.05) crude extract ointments and compared to the negative control.
CONCLUSION
The crude, aqueous, and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves possess wound healing activities. This finding justifies the use of the leaves of this plant for wound healing as claimed in the traditional medicine literature.
PubMed: 34326671
DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S308303 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Mar 2008Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered to be an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology that affects the mucosae, especially the oral cavity. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered to be an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology that affects the mucosae, especially the oral cavity.
OBJECTIVE
We compared tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and clobetasol 0.05% ointment for the treatment of OLP.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 32 patients (20 females and 12 males; all white, Italian origin, mean age of 43.6+/-18.4 years; 16 patients per treatment group) were treated with tacrolimus or clobetasol ointment for 4 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Pain severity, burning sensation, and mucosal lesion extension were assessed using a four-point scale.
RESULTS
At the end of the treatment period, symptom scores were significantly lower in the tacrolimus group than in the clobetasol group.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that tacrolimus 0.1% ointment is more effective than clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment in the treatment of OLP. However, other studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment before it can be recommended for use in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clobetasol; Epidemiologic Methods; Facial Pain; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Ointment Bases; Saliva; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 18269664
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01191.x -
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology Feb 1983This study was performed to develop a topical ointment of diclofenac-Na which has a potent anti-inflammatory activity by oral administration. At first, research was... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study was performed to develop a topical ointment of diclofenac-Na which has a potent anti-inflammatory activity by oral administration. At first, research was carried out on the ointment base which influences the external anti-inflammatory effect of the drug. Ointments of diclofenac-Na were prepared with three kinds of bases: lipophilic, emulsion (cream) and gel bases; and their anti-inflammatory effects were compared. The cream was found to have the most potent effect. Therefore, in the next experiment, an optimum concentration of diclofenac-Na in cream was determined comparing the anti-inflammatory effect among the cream preparations containing 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5% of the drug. Obvious effects were observed with the cream containing 1.0% and 1.5% of the drug concentration, and there was no significant difference in the anti-inflammatory activities of these two concentrations. Based on these results, the cream preparation containing 1.0% of diclofenac-Na (DF cream) was adopted as the external ointment of the drug. The anti-inflammatory effect of this cream was compared with that of existing anti-inflammatory ointments, i.e., indomethacin gel (IM gel), bufexamac cream (BM cream) and mobilat ointment (ML ointment). DF cream produced obvious inhibition on increased vascular permeability and on acute edema and remarkable suppression of ultraviolet erythema. These activities of DF cream were similar to those of IM gel and more potent than those of BM cream and ML ointment. The inhibitory effect of DF cream on the proliferation of granulation tissue was almost equal to that of ML ointment and more distinguishable than that of IM gel and BM cream. In adjuvant arthritis, DF cream reduced the swelling remarkably in the treated paw and slightly in the untreated paw. The anti-adjuvant activity of DF cream was equal to that of IM gel and more potent than that of BM cream and ML ointment. In pain to pressure stimulation, an analgesic effect was observed in the early stage of DF cream application, and its activity was slightly stronger than that of the other ointments. These results show that DF cream has an obvious anti-inflammatory effect as an external preparation, and the activity is comparable or superior to that of similar existing anti-inflammatory ointments. This cream may be considered as useful in the clinical field as a topical anti-inflammatory preparation.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Capillary Permeability; Carrageenan; Croton Oil; Diclofenac; Granulation Tissue; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Ointments; Phenylacetates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity; Wound Healing
PubMed: 6876511
DOI: 10.1254/jjp.33.121 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2022Dexpanthenol is an ingredient in multiple topical pharmaceutical preparations thanks to its high penetration and localized concentration. It is included in many...
OBJECTIVE
Dexpanthenol is an ingredient in multiple topical pharmaceutical preparations thanks to its high penetration and localized concentration. It is included in many ointments or lotions for dermatological use, assisting in healing and reducing pruritus. Vaseline is a synthetic product obtained by distilling crude oil. It is commercially available in several grades. The study presented here examined how topically applied agents (dexpanthenol or vaseline) affect nasal epithelial cells in culture. In particular, the study aimed to identify any alterations to epithelial cells which might indicate toxicity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The nasal epithelial cells used were sourced from mucosal tissue fragments left over the following septorhinoplasty on five patients not suffering from rhinosinusitis. The first step was to dissect the mucosal fragments into smaller pieces on a sterilized Petri dish. These fragments were then placed into the DMEM-F12 cell culture medium, which had been freshly prepared. The dexpanthenol and vaseline were diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The cells in the wells were exposed to varying concentrations of dexpanthenol or vaseline. The actual concentration of the test reagent to which the epithelial cells were exposed ranged from 0.15 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL. The exposure period was 24 hours. The cells were finally examined using a Leica SP5II confocal microscope. The features sought were DNA fragmentation, condensation of the nuclei, changes in the outer membrane, or cytoskeletal abnormality. These features, if present, indicate cytotoxicity.
RESULTS
The viability of the cultured nasal epithelial cells was unaltered by a 24-hour exposure to dexpanthenol, nor was the cellular proliferation rate affected at the level of statistical significance. There was evidence of a cytotoxic effect from exposing nasal epithelial cells to vaseline in liquid form for 24 hours. There was a reduction in cellular viability in the plates where the highest dose of vaseline (5 mg/mL) was used. Cellular viability was not affected significantly at any of the doses below 5 mg/mL.
CONCLUSIONS
The absence of cytotoxic effects from the application of dexpanthenol to the nasal mucosa indicates that this agent may be safely used within the nose. The cytotoxic effects of liquid vaseline observed in this trial (condensed nuclear chromatin, loss of cellular volume) indicate that this agent may be harmful when used intranasally. For patients who require nasal packing due to nose bleeds or following endoscopic sinus surgical procedures, dexpanthenol should be preferred to vaseline from the point of view of maximizing healing of a nasal injury.
Topics: Humans; Excipients; Petrolatum; Sinusitis; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 36524920
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30496 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2021Tacrolimus is used to prevent unaesthetic scars due to its action on fibroblast activity and collagen production modulation.
BACKGROUND
Tacrolimus is used to prevent unaesthetic scars due to its action on fibroblast activity and collagen production modulation.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the action pathways, from the histopathological point of view and in cytokine control, of tacrolimus ointment in the prevention of hypertrophic scars.
METHODS
Twenty-two rabbits were submitted to the excision of two 1-cm fragments in each ear, including the perichondrium. The right ear received 0.1% and 0.03% tacrolimus in ointment base twice a day in the upper wound and in the lower wound respectively. The left ear, used as the control, was treated with petrolatum. After 30 days, collagen fibers were evaluated using special staining, and immunohistochemistry analyses for smooth muscle actin, TGF-β and VEGF were performed.
RESULTS
The wounds treated with 0.1% tacrolimus showed weak labeling and a lower percentage of labeling for smooth muscle actin, a higher proportion of mucin absence, weak staining, fine and organized fibers for Gomori's Trichrome, strong staining and organized fibers for Verhoeff when compared to controls. The wounds treated with 0.03% tacrolimus showed weak labeling for smooth muscle actin, a higher proportion of mucin absence, strong staining for Verhoeff when compared to the controls. There was absence of TGF-β and low VEGF expression.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The analysis was performed by a single pathologist. Second-harmonic imaging microscopy was performed in 2 sample areas of the scar.
CONCLUSIONS
Both drug concentrations were effective in suppressing TGF-β and smooth muscle actin, reducing mucin, improving the quality of collagen fibers, and the density of elastic fibers, but only the higher concentration influenced elastic fiber organization.
Topics: Animals; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Ear; Ointment Bases; Rabbits; Tacrolimus; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34006401
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.08.019 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Excipients are used as vehicles for topical treatments; however, there are not many studies that evaluate the impact of different excipients themselves. The aim of this...
Excipients are used as vehicles for topical treatments; however, there are not many studies that evaluate the impact of different excipients themselves. The aim of this research is to assess skin homeostasis changes in healthy individuals after using water/oil (W/O), oil/water (O/W), Beeler base, foam and Vaseline excipients. A within-person randomized trial was conducted that included healthy individuals without previous skin diseases. Skin barrier function parameters, including stratum corneum hydration (SCH), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), pH, temperature, erythema, melanin and elasticity (R0, R2, R5 and R7), were measured on the volar forearm before and after using each excipient. Sixty participants were included in the study, with a mean age of 32 years. After applying w/o excipient erythema decreased by 25 AU, ( < 0.001) and elasticity increased by 6%. After using the o/w excipient, erythema decreased by 39.36 AU ( < 0.001) and SCH increased by 6.85 AU ( = 0.009). When applying the Beeler excipient, erythema decreased by 41.23 AU ( < 0.001) and SCH increased by 15.92 AU ( < 0.001). Foam and Vaseline decreased TEWL and erythema. Excipients have a different impact on skin barrier function. Knowing the effect of excipients on the skin could help to develop new topical treatments and help specialists to choose the best excipient according to the pathology.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Excipients; Skin; Petrolatum; Administration, Topical; Erythema
PubMed: 36554558
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416678