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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... 2019Diesel and biodiesel emissions exposures reduce vascular responsiveness in vivo, but the components of PM responsible for this effect are poorly understood. Fatty acids...
Diesel and biodiesel emissions exposures reduce vascular responsiveness in vivo, but the components of PM responsible for this effect are poorly understood. Fatty acids (FAs) represent a significant fraction of the compounds that make up organic combustion by-products, and may be involved in vascular responses following inhalation. It was hypothesized that vascular tissue exposed to a model FA might impair responses to vasoactive agonists ex vivo. Rat aortic rings were exposed to oleic acid or 12-hydroxy oleic acid and responses determined by myography. 12-Hydroxy oleic acid was found to significantly reduce endothelium-dependent vasodilation at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. This approach demonstrates the potential for FAs, especially oxidized forms, to play a role in the vascular responses observed following air pollution exposure.
Topics: Animals; Endothelium; Male; Myography; Oleic Acid; Particulate Matter; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Ricinoleic Acids; Vasodilation
PubMed: 30983526
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1603282 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Sep 2016The fatty acid profile is associated with the risk and progression of several diseases, probably via mechanisms including its influence on gene expression. We previously...
BACKGROUND
The fatty acid profile is associated with the risk and progression of several diseases, probably via mechanisms including its influence on gene expression. We previously reported a correlation between ECHDC3 upregulation and the severity of acute coronary syndrome. Here, we assessed the relationship of serum fatty acid profile and ECHDC3 expression with the extent of coronary lesion.
METHODS
Fifty-nine individuals aged 30 to 74 years and undergoing elective cinecoronariography for the first time were enrolled in the present study. The extent of coronary lesion was assessed by the Friesinger index and patients were classified as without lesion (n = 18), low lesion (n = 17), intermediate lesion (n = 17) and major lesion (n = 7). Serum biochemistry, fatty acid concentration, and ECHDC3 mRNA expression in blood were evaluated.
RESULTS
Elevated serum levels of oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids were observed in patients with low and intermediate lesion, when compared to patients without lesion (p < 0.05). ECHDC3 mRNA expression was 1.2 fold higher in patients with low lesion than in patients without lesion (p = 0.020), and 1.8 fold lower in patients with major lesion patients than in patients with low lesion (p = 0.023).
CONCLUSION
Increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and ECHDC3 upregulation in patients with coronary artery lesion suggests that these are independent factors associated with the initial progression of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Oleic Acid; Peroxisomal Bifunctional Enzyme; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 27586541
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0312-6 -
PloS One 2013A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin,...
A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin, which was given the acronym HAMLET. We report in this study that the oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (BAMLET) is hemolytic to human erythrocytes as well as to those derived from some other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis suggested binding of BAMLET to erythrocytes prior to induction of hemolysis. Free OA was hemolytic albeit at higher concentrations, while sodium oleate caused hemolysis at far lower concentrations. Amiloride and BaCl2 offered protection against BAMLET-induced hemolysis suggesting the involvement of a cation leak channel in the process. BAMLET coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose was not only hemolytic but also tumoricidal to Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in culture. The Sepharose-linked preparation was however not toxic to non-cancerous peritoneal macrophages and primary adipocytes. The tumoricidal action was studied using the MTT-assay while apoptosis induction measured by the annexin V-propidium iodide assay. Repeated incubation of the immobilized BAMLET with erythrocytes depleted oleic acid and decreased the hemolytic activity of the complex. Incubation of MCF-7 and Jurkat cells with OA, soluble or immobilized BAMLET resulted in increase in the uptake of Lyso Tracker Red and Nile red by the cells. The data presented support the contention that oleic acid plays the key role, both in BAMLET-induced hemolysis and tumoricidal action.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Calcium; Cell Survival; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Lactalbumin; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Oleic Acid; Rabbits; Rats; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 24039698
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068390 -
PloS One 2013HAMLET and ELOA are complexes consisting of oleic acid and two homologous, yet functionally different, proteins with cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells, with...
HAMLET and ELOA are complexes consisting of oleic acid and two homologous, yet functionally different, proteins with cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells, with HAMLET showing higher tumor cells specificity, possibly due to the difference in propensity for oleic acid binding, as HAMLET binds 5-8 oleic acid molecules per protein molecule and ELOA binds 11-48 oleic acids. HAMLET has been shown to possess bactericidal activity against a number of bacterial species, particularly those with a respiratory tropism, with Streptococcus pneumoniae displaying the greatest degree of sensitivity. We show here that ELOA also displays bactericidal activity against pneumococci, which at lower concentrations shows mechanistic similarities to HAMLET's bactericidal activity. ELOA binds to S. pneumoniae and causes perturbations of the plasma membrane, including depolarization and subsequent rupture, and activates an influx of calcium into the cells. Selective inhibition of calcium channels and sodium/calcium exchange activity significantly diminished ELOA's bactericidal activity, similar to what we have observed with HAMLET. Finally, ELOA-induced death was also accompanied by DNA fragmentation into high molecular weight fragments - an apoptosis-like morphological phenotype that is seen during HAMLET-induced death. Thus, in contrast to different mechanisms of eukaryote cell death induced by ELOA and HAMLET, these complexes are characterized by rather similar activities towards bacteria. Although the majority of these events could be mimicked using oleic acid alone, the concentrations of oleic acid required were significantly higher than those present in the ELOA complex, and for some assays, the results were not identical between oleic acid alone and the ELOA complex. This indicates that the lipid, as a common denominator in both complexes, is an important component for the complexes' bactericidal activities, while the proteins are required both to solubilize and/or present the lipid at the bacterial membrane and likely to confer other and separate functions during the bacterial death.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Cell Membrane; DNA Fragmentation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Horses; Ions; Muramidase; Oleic Acid; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 24260444
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080649 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Nov 2022The simultaneous improvement of quercetin (QUE) processing stability and bioavailability has always presented a technical challenge during food processing. This study...
The simultaneous improvement of quercetin (QUE) processing stability and bioavailability has always presented a technical challenge during food processing. This study constructed a water-soluble carrier consisting of oleic acid (OA) and sodium caseinate (NaCas) in an ultrasonic field and investigated the effect of its encapsulation on improving the thermal stability and bioaccessibility of QUE. The results showed that the OA and NaCas generated uniform, stable water-soluble particles with a poly dispersity index (PDI) below 0.3 and an absolute value of Zeta potential above 30 mV in optimized conditions (a protein concentration of 4 mg/mL, ultrasonic power of 300 W, and ultrasonic time of 5 min). OA-NaCas mass ratio of 1:40, 1:15, 1:8, and 1:4 was selected for QUE loading to compare its encapsulation effect at different mass ratios. Compared with the NaCas without OA, the QUE embedding rate reached 95 % at OA-NaCas mass ratios of 1:15 and 1:8. In addition, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed that QUE was embedded in OA-NaCas particles, forming regular, spherical OA-NaCas-QUE particles at mass ratios or 1:15 and 1:8. Next, when heated at 80 °C for 120 min, the OA-NaCas (OA:NaCas, 1:15, 1:8, and W/W) particles significantly improved the QUE retention rate. The simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments showed that the QUE bioaccessibility increased from 25 % to more than 60 % when it was encapsulated in OA-NaCas (OA:NaCas, 1:15, 1:8, and W/W) particles. These results indicated that the OA-NaCas complex was suitable as a hydrophilic delivery carrier of fat-soluble polyphenols.
Topics: Caseins; Oleic Acid; Quercetin; Biological Availability; Water
PubMed: 36162221
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106169 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we...
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the effects of silica-coated SPIONs on endothelial cells and whether oleic acid (OA) can protect the cells from their harmful effects. We used viability assays, flow cytometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that silica-coated SPIONs are internalized by endothelial cells, where they increase the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death. Exposure to silica-coated SPIONs induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) that was not dependent on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated LD biogenesis, suggesting that silica-coated SPIONs suppress LD degradation. Addition of exogenous OA promoted LD biogenesis and reduced SPION-dependent increases in oxidative stress and cell death. However, exogenous OA protected cells from SPION-induced cell damage even in the presence of DGAT inhibitors, implying that LDs are not required for the protective effect of exogenous OA. The molecular phenotype of the cells determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the destructive effect of silica-coated SPIONs and the ameliorative role of OA in the case of oxidative stress. Thus, exogenous OA protects endothelial cells from SPION-induced oxidative stress and cell death independent of its incorporation into triglycerides.
Topics: Cell Death; Endothelial Cells; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Oleic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 35806014
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136972 -
Nutrients Jan 2023In 2010, the Mediterranean diet was recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Olive oil is the most characteristic food of this diet due to... (Review)
Review
In 2010, the Mediterranean diet was recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Olive oil is the most characteristic food of this diet due to its high nutraceutical value. The positive effects of olive oil have often been attributed to its minor components; however, its oleic acid (OA) content (70-80%) is responsible for its many health properties. OA is an effective biomolecule, although the mechanism by which OA mediates beneficial physiological effects is not fully understood. OA influences cell membrane fluidity, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and gene expression. OA may directly regulate both the synthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of anti-inflammatory ones. The best-characterized mechanism highlights OA as a natural activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), derived from OA, is an endogenous ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) nuclear receptor. OEA regulates dietary fat intake and energy homeostasis and has therefore been suggested to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity. OEA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The beneficial effects of olive oil may be related to the actions of OEA. New evidence suggests that oleic acid may influence epigenetic mechanisms, opening a new avenue in the exploration of therapies based on these mechanisms. OA can exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by regulating microRNA expression. In this review, we examine the cellular reactions and intracellular processes triggered by OA in T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in order to better understand the immune modulation exerted by OA.
Topics: Oleic Acid; Olive Oil; Oleic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 36615882
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010224 -
PloS One 2019Senile plaques are well-known hallmarks of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). However, drugs targeting tangles of the protein tau and plaques of β-amyloid have no significant...
Senile plaques are well-known hallmarks of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). However, drugs targeting tangles of the protein tau and plaques of β-amyloid have no significant effect on disease progression, and the studies on the underlying mechanism of AD remain in high demand. Growing evidence supports the protective role of senile plaques in local inflammation driven by S100A9. We herein demonstrate that oleic acid (OA) micelles interact with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and promote its amyloid formation. Consequently, SH-SY5Y cell line and mouse neural stem cells are rescued from OA toxicity by co-aggregation of OA and HEWL. Using atomic force microscopy in combination with fluorescence microscopy, we revealed that HEWL forms round-shaped aggregates in the presence of OA micelles instead of protofibrils of HEWL alone. These HEWL amyloids act as a sink for toxic OA micelles and their co-aggregate form large clumps, suggesting a protective function in amyloid and OA cytotoxicity.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid; Animals; Cell Line; Chickens; Humans; Micelles; Muramidase; Oleic Acid; Protein Aggregation, Pathological; Rats
PubMed: 30794655
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212648 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Skeletal muscle is one of the largest metabolic tissues in mammals and is composed of four different types of muscle fibers (types 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B); however, type 2B...
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest metabolic tissues in mammals and is composed of four different types of muscle fibers (types 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B); however, type 2B is absent in humans. Given that slow-twitch fibers are superior to fast-twitch fibers in terms of oxidative metabolism and are rich in mitochondria, shift of muscle fiber types in direction towards slower fiber types improves metabolic disorders and endurance capacity. We previously had reported that oleic acid supplementation increases type 1 fiber formation in C2C12 myotubes; however, its function still remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of oleic acid on the muscle fiber types and endurance capacity. An in vivo mouse model was used, and mice were fed a 10% oleic acid diet for 4 weeks. Two different skeletal muscles, slow soleus muscle with the predominance of slow-twitch fibers and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with the predominance of fast-twitch fibers, were used. We found that dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance and altered fiber type composition of muscles, the proportion of type 1 and 2X fibers increased in the soleus muscle and type 2X increased in the EDL muscle. The fiber type shift in the EDL muscle was accompanied by an increased muscle TAG content. In addition, blood triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels decreased during exercise. These changes suggested that lipid utilization as an energy substrate was enhanced by oleic acid. Increased proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β protein levels were observed in the EDL muscle, which potentially enhanced the fiber type transitions towards type 2X and muscle TAG content. In conclusion, dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance with the changes of muscle fiber type shares in mice. This study elucidated a novel functionality of oleic acid in skeletal muscle fiber types. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the field of health and sports science through nutritional approaches, such as the development of supplements aimed at improving muscle function.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Oleic Acid; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Cell Respiration; Dietary Supplements; Mammals
PubMed: 38191891
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50464-y -
Journal of Molecular Biology Sep 2015Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is a tumoricidal complex consisting of human α-lactalbumin and multiple oleic acids (OAs). OA has been shown to...
Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is a tumoricidal complex consisting of human α-lactalbumin and multiple oleic acids (OAs). OA has been shown to play a key role in the activity of HAMLET and its related complexes, generally known as protein-fatty acid (PFA) complexes. In contrast to what is known about the fate of the protein component of such complexes, information about what happens to OA during their action is still lacking. We monitored the membrane, OA and protein components of bovine α-lactalbumin complexed with OA (BLAOA; a HAMLET-like substance) and how they associate with each other. Using ultracentrifugation, we found that the OA and lipid components follow each other closely. We then firmly identify a transfer of OA from BLAOA to both artificial and erythrocyte membranes, indicating that natural cells respond similarly to BLAOA treatment as artificial membranes. Uncomplexed OA is unable to similarly affect membranes at the conditions tested, even at elevated concentrations. Thus, BLAOA can spontaneously transfer OA to a lipid membrane. After the interaction with the membrane, the protein is likely to have lost most or all of its OA. We suggest a mechanism for passive import of mainly uncomplexed protein into cells, using existing models for OA's effect on membranes. Our results are consistent with a membrane destabilization mediated predominantly by OA insertion being a significant contribution to PFA cytotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cattle; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Lactalbumin; Models, Molecular; Oleic Acid
PubMed: 26297199
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.009