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The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2022To investigate stability and satisfaction in adult anterior open bite (AOB) patients at least 9 months post-treatment, as well as patient and practitioner factors that...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate stability and satisfaction in adult anterior open bite (AOB) patients at least 9 months post-treatment, as well as patient and practitioner factors that may be associated with stability and satisfaction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Practitioners and their adult AOB patients were recruited through the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Data on patient and practitioner characteristics, treatment recommendations and factors were previously collected. Treatment stability was determined by assessing post-treatment intraoral photographs. Patient satisfaction was determined from post-treatment questionnaires. Treatment was categorized into aligners, fixed appliances, temporary anchorage devices, and orthognathic surgery. Extractions were also investigated. Retention type was categorized into vacuum-formed, Hawley-style, or bonded retainers, and regimens were classified as full-time or part-time wear.
RESULTS
Retention data collected from 112 patients had a mean post-treatment time of 1.21 years. There were no statistically significant differences in stability between treatment groups. Depending on whether a qualitative index or a millimetric measure was employed, stability ranged from 65% to 89%. Extractions and less initial lower incisor proclination were associated with higher stability in patients treated with fixed appliances only. High satisfaction was reported by patients at retention. There were no clear differences in stability or satisfaction among retention types or regimens.
CONCLUSIONS
The stability of adult AOB orthodontic treatment was high, regardless of treatment or retainer modality. Satisfaction in adult AOB patients was high, regardless of retention type or regimen.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Incisor; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Orthodontic Retainers; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Vacuum
PubMed: 34587249
DOI: 10.2319/071221-549.1 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research May 2022To compare and assess the reproducibility of 3 methods for registration of maxillary digital dental models in patients with anterior open bite. Settings and sample...
OBJECTIVE
To compare and assess the reproducibility of 3 methods for registration of maxillary digital dental models in patients with anterior open bite. Settings and sample population Digital dental models of 16 children with an anterior open bite in the mixed dentition were obtained before (T1) and after 12 months of treatment with bonded spurs (T2).
METHODS
Landmarks were placed on all T2 models and 3 registration methods (R1, R2 and R3) were independently performed by 2 observers. R1 was based on 10 landmarks placed on posterior teeth. R2 was based on 5 landmarks on the palate (2 anterior, 2 posterior and 1 central). R3 used regions of interest around the 5 palatal landmarks used in R2. The differences between the registration methods were calculated by comparing the mean differences and standard deviations between the corresponding x, y and z coordinates of 6 corresponding landmarks in the T2 registered models. Repeated measures analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests were used for comparisons (P < .05). The agreement between methods and the intra and interobserver reproducibility were assessed with Bland-Altman tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
RESULTS
Comparisons of R2 with R3 methods showed greater agreement, mean differences ≤0.50 mm for all landmarks, than comparisons of R1 with R2, and R1 with R3, mean differences >0.50 mm for most of the y and z coordinates (P < .05). The R1 and R3 methods presented excellent intra and interobserver reproducibility and R2 method had moderate interobserver reproducibility.
CONCLUSIONS
Longitudinal assessments of open bite treatment using digital dental models could consider the posterior teeth and/or the palate as references. The R1 and R3 methods showed adequate reproducibility and yield different quantitative results. The choice will depend on the posterior teeth changes and dental models' characteristics.
Topics: Child; Humans; Maxilla; Models, Dental; Open Bite; Palate; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34543518
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12535 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022Using different software to evaluate the airways, with different thresholds, but within the range for airway recognition, could yield different measurements in the same...
Effect of the application of software on the volumetric and cross-sectional assessment of the oropharyngeal airway of patients with and without an open bite: A CBCT study.
BACKGROUND
Using different software to evaluate the airways, with different thresholds, but within the range for airway recognition, could yield different measurements in the same patient with or without craniofacial disharmony.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to compare the volume and the most constricted area (MCA) of the oropharynx in individuals with or without an open bite by using 2 software programs meant for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This comparative study included 60 cases selected from 137 CBCT scans obtained from individuals with the presence or absence of an open bite. Each group included adults of both genders - in total 30 women and 30 men - with a mean age of 27.57 ±11.85 years in the open bite group and 26.23 ±6.78 years in the control group. The oropharyngeal volume and MCA were measured with 2 three-dimensional (3D) software packages: Planmeca Romexis®; and Nemotec NemoStudio®. Two calibrated orthodontists trained in the use of the software made the measurements. Data was analyzed using Student's t tests for independent and paired samples (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
In general, the oropharynx volume measurements obtained with the NemoStudio software were significantly higher than those obtained with Romexis (19,007.17 ±8005.79 mm3 and 17,823.47 ±7148.62 mm3, respectively) (p = 0.020). However, when the groups were analyzed separately, the measurements of the group with an open bite did not differ according to the software used (p = 0.352). The measurements of the MCA of the oropharynx were significantly higher when obtained with the NemoStudio software (MD (mean difference) = 19.02 mm2) (p = 0.005). In contrast, no difference in the MCA results for the 2 software packages was found in the open bite group (p = 0.728).
CONCLUSIONS
The volumetric and cross-sectional measurements of the oropharyngeal airway, particularly in individuals without an open bite, were affected by the software used.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Open Bite; Software; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Young Adult
PubMed: 36196512
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/145287 -
The Angle Orthodontist Nov 2022To determine recognition ability and the levels of esthetic tolerance of deep bite and anterior open bite (AOB) among laypeople and investigate the factors affecting...
OBJECTIVES
To determine recognition ability and the levels of esthetic tolerance of deep bite and anterior open bite (AOB) among laypeople and investigate the factors affecting levels of tolerance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using a questionnaire, laypeople (N = 100) were examined, and overbite was measured. They were tested for whether they recognized deep bite and AOB. Esthetic tolerance thresholds for deep bite and AOB were selected by incremental depiction in grayscale images. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to quantify the effect of recognition and other factors (age, sex, education level, occupation, history of orthodontic treatment, interest in orthodontic treatment or retreatment, and overbite presence) affecting the tolerance of overbite problems (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
Of the participants, 55% and 94% recognized deep bite and AOB, respectively. Participants with a deep bite were significantly more likely to esthetically tolerate deep bite compared with those without a deep bite (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-9.89). Participants who recognized a deep bite problem had significantly lower esthetic tolerance to deep bite compared with participants who did not recognize a deep bite (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.45). None of the other eight chosen factors significantly affected the tolerance level of AOB (P > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Participants with a deep bite or those who did not recognize a deep bite had significantly higher esthetic tolerance of deep bite than those without or those who recognized the problem (P < .05).
PubMed: 36409267
DOI: 10.2319/051822-367.1 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2022To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articulation and dental occlusion, oromyofunctional evaluation with orofacial praxis and musculature, resting tongue position, and swallowing pattern were analyzed in 290 schoolchildren between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Statistical tests were considered significant for P < .05.
RESULTS
A significant association between dental malocclusions (Angle Class II and III, anterior open bite, edge-to-edge bite, overjet and anterior crossbite) and phonetic alterations (P = .008) was observed. Sigmatisms and rhotacisms were the most frequent disorders. Malocclusions also showed a significant association with oral habits and with orofacial praxis and muscle activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of malocclusion can cause imbalances in the functions involved in the stomatognathic system. Awareness of this relationship in young children would help professionals to implement preventive measures for the optimum development of children's oral health.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite; Prevalence; Tongue Habits
PubMed: 35275982
DOI: 10.2319/043021-342.1 -
Scientifica 2016Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the cephalometric features for a sample of Yemeni adults with anterior open bite. Material and Methods. Lateral...
Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the cephalometric features for a sample of Yemeni adults with anterior open bite. Material and Methods. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for 65 Yemeni university students (46 males and 19 females), 18-25 years old, with clinical anterior open bite (vertical overbite ≤ 0 mm) and no previous orthodontic treatment. The radiographs were manually traced; twelve angular, five linear measurements, and facial index were assessed, analyzed statistically, and compared to 194 Yemeni norms (89 males and 105 females) as well as cephalometric features of open bite subjects in previous studies. Results. Statistically significant differences were observed in skeletal and dental cephalometric values of Yemeni patients with anterior open bite when compared to Yemeni norms; mainly in the anteroposterior relation, the open bite individuals had higher significant value in SNA, SNB, and SNPg angles. In addition, a higher statistical significant difference was recorded in all variables of vertical relation when compared with norms. In contrast, NL-NSL angle revealed higher value among normal individuals. Dental variables among open bite individuals showed a greater degree of dental proclination, higher statistically significant value in [Formula: see text]-NA°, [Formula: see text]-NA mm and I-NB mm, and a lower significant value in U1-L1 in open bite group. Conclusion. Open bite Yemeni individual's skeletal and dentoalveolar variables significantly differ from Yemeni norms in the extent of the anteroposterior, vertical developmental pattern and dental relations.
PubMed: 27190680
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3147972 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2023Posterior intrusion with skeletal anchorage is one of the effective methods in the treatment of anterior open bite. Knowing the effects of posterior intrusion, the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Posterior intrusion with skeletal anchorage is one of the effective methods in the treatment of anterior open bite. Knowing the effects of posterior intrusion, the amount of possible molar intrusion using skeletal anchorage, and its impact on clinical and cephalometric indicators can help the clinician choose the optimal treatment method, especially in borderline surgical cases.
METHODS
In this systematic review, a series of articles were collected through a systematic search in databases, and the titles and summaries of all these articles were reviewed. After removing the irrelevant articles, the full texts of the related articles were read carefully, and their validity was evaluated. Only RCTs and observational studies that complied with PICO questions were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2), ROBINS-I, and GRADE were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The relevant information on selected articles was extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4 software.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis revealed a significant average molar intrusion of 2.89 mm using temporary anchorage devices (TADs). A subgroup analysis showed that miniplates achieved greater intrusion (3.29 mm) compared to miniscrews (2.25 mm) (=0.03). The level of applied force did not significantly affect the degree of intrusion. Dental parameters such as overbite and overjet were notably altered, with overbite increasing by 4.81 mm and overjet decreasing by 2.06 mm on average. As for the skeletal cephalometric characteristics, SNB, ANB, and SN-Pog increased while mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) decreased, and these changes were significant. Meanwhile, SNA and palatal angle changes were not significant.
CONCLUSION
TADs have proved effective in achieving significant intrusion of maxillary molars, leading to marked improvements in dental and skeletal characteristics in patients with open bite malocclusion. Miniplates proved more effective in achieving greater intrusion.
PubMed: 38584993
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40754 -
FACE (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) Jun 2022Articulation problems are seen in 80-90% of dentofacial deformity (DFD) subjects compared with 5% of the general population, impacting communication and quality of life,...
INTRODUCTION
Articulation problems are seen in 80-90% of dentofacial deformity (DFD) subjects compared with 5% of the general population, impacting communication and quality of life, but the causal link is unclear. We hypothesize there are both qualitative (perceptual) and quantitative (spectral) differences in properties of stop (/t/ or /k/), fricative (/s/ or /∫/), and affricate (/t∫/) consonant sounds and that severity of anterior open bite (AOB) jaw disharmonies correlates with degree of speech abnormality.
METHODS
To test our hypotheses, surgical orthodontic records and audio recordings were collected from DFD patients (n=39 AOB, 62 controls). A speech pathologist evaluated subjects and recordings were analyzed using spectral moment analysis (SMA) to measure sound frequency distortions.
RESULTS
Perceptually, there is a higher prevalence of auditory and visual speech distortions in AOB DFD patients when compared to controls. Quantitatively, a significant (p<0.01) increase in the centroid frequency (M1) was seen in the /k/, /t/, /t∫/, and /s/ sounds of AOB subjects compared to the controls. Using linear regression, correlations between AOB skeletal severity and spectral distortion were found for /k/ and /t/ sounds.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher prevalence of qualitative distortion and significant quantitative spectral distortions in consonant sounds were seen in AOB patients compared to controls. Additionally, severity of skeletal AOB is correlated with degree of distortion for consonant sounds. These findings provide insight into how the surgical and/or orthodontic treatment of AOB may impact speech.
PubMed: 35903399
DOI: 10.1177/27325016221082229 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2024To introduce and validate newly designed computer software to aid in the diagnosis of anterior open bite (AOB).
OBJECTIVES
To introduce and validate newly designed computer software to aid in the diagnosis of anterior open bite (AOB).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The software was constructed based on the algorithm of a standardized open bite checklist, which considered skeletal, dental, and soft tissue components, as well as smile characteristics. Feeding the software with this input yielded a digital form output (DFO) in the guise of a diagnostic report characterizing the AOB phenotype, contributing components, severity, associated problems, and functional factors. For validation, DFO was compared to a conventional form output (CFO), created in a standardized manner according to expert opinions. Agreement between the DFO and CFO in terms of AOB phenotype was the primary outcome, while the secondary outcome was the number of missing diagnostic components in either method.
RESULTS
Percentage of agreement between CFO and DFO was 82.2%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.78, which is considered a good level of agreement. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of missing diagnostic components in CFO and level of disagreement, which rendered the DFO more reliable.
CONCLUSIONS
Newly constructed software represents an efficient and valid diagnostic tool for AOB and its contributing components. There was good agreement between CFO and DFO, with the latter being more comprehensive and reliable. The algorithm built in the software can be used as the basis for a future artificial intelligence model to aid in the diagnosis of AOB.
Topics: Humans; Open Bite; Artificial Intelligence; Checklist; Forecasting
PubMed: 37650552
DOI: 10.2319/032923-225.1 -
Progress in Orthodontics Jul 2022Emoji are pictograms frequently used in social networks capable of expressing emotions. These tools can provide insights into people's behavior that could not be...
BACKGROUND
Emoji are pictograms frequently used in social networks capable of expressing emotions. These tools can provide insights into people's behavior that could not be obtained with the use of textual communication. Recently, emoji have been introduced to various research fields as successful alternatives to word-based questionnaires for measure emotional responses. The objective of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the discriminating ability and relationship of these tools with different occlusal conditions/malocclusions.
METHODS
Online surveys were applied to adult individuals (n = 201; mean age = 27.4 ± 5.7; 37.3% males, 62.7% females). Subjects issued acceptance scores (10-point scale) and expressed their emotional status using a 30-emoji list in relation to nine occlusal conditions: C1-crowding, C2-anterior open bite, C3-interincisal diastema, C4-increased overjet + deep bite (Class II div. 1), C5-anterior crossbite (Class III), C6-ideal occlusion, C7-unilateral posterior crossbite, C8-anterior open bite plus bilateral posterior crossbite plus crowding, and C9-deep bite (Class II div. 2). Cochran's Q and McNemar tests were used to compare the frequencies of choice of emoji between conditions. Correspondence analyses were applied to assess the association between occlusal conditions and emoji. Kendall's correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relationship between mean acceptance scores and frequency counts of each emoji.
RESULTS
The frequency of choice between conditions showed a significant difference for 25 of the 30 emoji (P < 0.05), indicating an adequate discriminating ability of these tools. Emoji were grouped predominantly based on their emotional valence (positive/negative) and arousal/activation (high/low). Positive emoji were associated with the most accepted conditions (i.e., C6, C3), while negative emoji with the most rejected ones (i.e., C8, C1, C2). Although only weak, positive correlations between acceptance and positively valenced emoji, and negative correlations between acceptance and negatively valenced emoji were observed (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Emoji have an adequate discriminatory ability and would allow determining emotional profiles in the face of different occlusal conditions. Further research is necessary to consolidate the use of these tools in an instrument that allows measuring emotional responses.
Topics: Adult; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite; Young Adult
PubMed: 35844016
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00418-3