-
The American Journal of Tropical... Feb 2013We describe the diagnostic difficulties experienced during an opisthorchiasis outbreak. Of 31 infected individuals, 61.3% were asymptomatic, and in the 12 symptomatic...
We describe the diagnostic difficulties experienced during an opisthorchiasis outbreak. Of 31 infected individuals, 61.3% were asymptomatic, and in the 12 symptomatic individuals, the duration of non-pathognomonic symptoms was shorter than 4 weeks. Serology by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction fecal analysis were shown to be the most sensitive diagnostic tools.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albendazole; Animals; DNA, Helminth; Disease Outbreaks; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Praziquantel; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23249682
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0280 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Opisthorchiosis is a parasitic liver disease found in mammals that is widespread throughout the world and causes systemic inflammation. Praziquantel remains the drug of...
Opisthorchiosis is a parasitic liver disease found in mammals that is widespread throughout the world and causes systemic inflammation. Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiosis, despite its many adverse effects. An anthelmintic effect is attributed to the main curcuminoid of L. roots-curcumin (Cur)-along with many other therapeutic properties. To overcome the poor solubility of curcumin in water, a micellar complex of curcumin with the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Cur:NaGA, molar ratio 1:1) was prepared via solid-phase mechanical processing. In vitro experiments revealed a noticeable immobilizing effect of curcumin and of Cur:NaGA on mature and juvenile individuals. In vivo experiments showed that curcumin (50 mg/kg) had an anthelmintic effect after 30 days of administration to -infected hamsters, but the effect was weaker than that of a single administration of praziquantel (400 mg/kg). Cur:NaGA (50 mg/kg, 30 days), which contains less free curcumin, did not exert this action. The complex, just as free curcumin or better, activated the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (, , and ), which was suppressed by infection and by praziquantel. Curcumin reduced the rate of inflammatory infiltration, whereas Cur:NaGA reduced periductal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, a decrease in liver inflammation markers was found, which is determined by calculating the numbers of tumor-necrosis-factor-positive cells during the curcumin treatment and of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase-positive cells during the Cur:NaGA treatment. A biochemical blood test revealed a normalizing effect of Cur:NaGA (comparable to that of curcumin) on lipid metabolism. We believe that the further development and investigation of therapeutics based on curcuminoids in relation and other trematode infections will be useful for clinical practice and veterinary medicine.
PubMed: 37375509
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060819 -
Infection with liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus and Clonorchis sinensis).IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Clonorchiasis; Disease Models, Animal; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Neoplasms; Opisthorchiasis; Research Design
PubMed: 7715069
DOI: No ID Found -
Food and Waterborne Parasitology Mar 2021Infection with the liver fluke, , caused by the consumption of infected raw or undercooked cyprinid fish is common in humans and carnivores in the middle Ob River basin... (Review)
Review
Infection with the liver fluke, , caused by the consumption of infected raw or undercooked cyprinid fish is common in humans and carnivores in the middle Ob River basin (Tomsk region, Russia) and can lead to diseases in humans. The goal of this study was the status of fish infection with O. felineus metacercariae in order to assess the role of fish in the infection of the human population in the middle Ob River basin. Of the 14 Cyprinidae species recorded in the middle Ob River basin, we examined 6 cyprinid species for prevalence and intensity of infection with metacercariae. Five of these species (, , , , and ) are of commercial value, while the common bleak is an object of amateur fishing. In addition, we conducted a survey of the fish consumption habits as part of a community-based cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarsky district, Tomsk region, Russian Federation. metacercariae were observed in muscles of all examined species except for the Prussian carp. The ide is the main infection source in the Ob River (prevalence of infection, 100%, and intensity, 50.5 metacercariae per fish) and the common dace in the Tom River (91.1% and 12.7 metacercariae). Although the two alien species (bream and common bleak) are susceptible to infection with metacercariae, the prevalence of infection in these fish and in the roach did not exceed 3%. The prevalence and intensity of infection in fish increased with age and size. The infection characteristics of fish in different water flows were different. The cyprinid species account on average for 69.8% of the commercial fish harvested in the Tomsk region. According to epidemiological survey, among 600 participants, 87.5% ( = 525) of respondents consumed river fish, with the most popular fish being cyprinids including Prussian carp, dace, ide and bream, followed by pike and perch. Thus, the epizootological state of the water flows in the middle Ob River basin is adverse with respect to opisthorchiasis, as indicated by high infection rates of liver fluke metacercariae in ide and common dace, which are abundant species of high commercial value. An extremely high prevalence of infection suggests a strong transmission cycle with a high rate of infection from infected humans and/or animal reservoir hosts to snails and fish. In addition to treating humans, there should be a strong focus on identifying these potential reservoir hosts to reduce subsequent infection in humans. Furthermore, since the intensity of infection in humans is determined by the presence of fish species such as ide and dace in the diet, they should be included in a dietary change campaign by eliminating the consumption of raw fish.
PubMed: 33681491
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00113 -
Acta Tropica Sep 2011Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in Thailand and the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR; Laos). Currently,... (Review)
Review
Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in Thailand and the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR; Laos). Currently, more than 600 million people are at risk of infection with these fish-borne trematodes and/or their close relatives. Opisthorchiasis has been studied extensively in Thailand, where about 8 million people are infected with the liver fluke. Here we review the pathogenesis, control and re-emergence of O. viverrini infection, in particular in Thailand and, to a lesser extent in Lao PDR given the contiguous geographical range of O. viverrini through these two regions. We also review the association of O. viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct cancer, and highlight new findings on pathogenesis of liver fluke-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis. Last, we comment on national control strategies in Thailand for the control of O. viverrini infection aimed at reduction in the prevalence of O. viverrini-associated liver cancer in the longer term.
Topics: Animals; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Food Parasitology; Humans; Laos; Male; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis; Thailand
PubMed: 20655862
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.07.006 -
Biomolecules Aug 2021The study is dedicated to the investigation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT type serotonin receptor of localisation in larvae of two parasitic...
The study is dedicated to the investigation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT type serotonin receptor of localisation in larvae of two parasitic flatworms (Rivolta, 1884) Blanchard, 1895 and Rudolphi, 1819, performed using the immunocytochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Using whole mount preparations and specific antibodies, a microscopic analysis of the spatial distribution of 5-HT-immunoreactivity(-IR) was revealed in worm tissue. In metacercariae of 5-HT-IR was observed in the main nerve cords and in the head commissure connecting the head ganglia. The presence of 5-HT-IR was also found in several structures located on the oral sucker. 5-HT-IR was evident in the round glandular cells scattered throughout the larva body. In cysticercoids of immunostaining to 5-HT was found in flame cells of the excretory system. Weak staining to 5-HT was observed along the longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres comprising the body wall and musculature of suckers, in thin longitudinal nerve cords and a connective commissure of the central nervous system. Available publications on serotonin action in flatworms and serotonin receptors identification were reviewed. Own results and the published data indicate that the muscular structures of flatworms are deeply supplied by 5-HT-IR elements. It suggests that the 5-HT type receptor can mediate the serotonin action in the investigated species and is an important component of the flatworm motor control system. The study of the neurochemical basis of parasitic flatworms can play an important role in the solution of fundamental problems in early development of the nervous system and the evolution of neuronal signalling components.
Topics: Animals; Hymenolepis diminuta; Nervous System; Opisthorchis; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin
PubMed: 34439878
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081212 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2018Aim of the present study was to provide presence of opisthorchiid metacercariae in cyprinid fish Leuciscus idus in Nura-Sarysu river, Kazakhstan. Infection rate of the...
Aim of the present study was to provide presence of opisthorchiid metacercariae in cyprinid fish Leuciscus idus in Nura-Sarysu river, Kazakhstan. Infection rate of the ides by the metacercariae was 42%. The metacercariae, similar morphologically to those of the liver flukes, were found: elliptical in shape, 0.19-0.25×0.15-0.22 mm, oral and ventral suckers nearly equal size, and excretory bladder O-shape with black content, occupying posterior part of the body. The metacercariae were divided into 2 groups with differences in size and thickness of cyst wall. Adult flukes were recovered from the Syrian hamsters infected with the opisthorch metacercariae and identified with morphological characters to Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis. DNA sequences of ITS1, ITS2, and cox1 supported the taxonomic assignment.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Cyprinidae; DNA, Helminth; Helminth Proteins; Kazakhstan; Mesocricetus; Metacercariae; Opisthorchis; Rivers; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trematoda
PubMed: 29996630
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.267 -
Korean Journal of Radiology 2011Liver fluke disease is a chronic parasitic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts. Infection occurs through ingestion of fluke-infested, fresh-water raw fish. The most... (Review)
Review
Liver fluke disease is a chronic parasitic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts. Infection occurs through ingestion of fluke-infested, fresh-water raw fish. The most well-known species that cause human infection are Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus. Adult flukes settle in the small intrahepatic bile ducts and then they live there for 20-30 years. The long-lived flukes cause long-lasting chronic inflammation of the bile ducts and this produces epithelial hyperplasia, periductal fibrosis and bile duct dilatation. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic, but the patients with heavy infection suffer from lassitude and nonspecific abdominal complaints. The complications are stone formation, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Approximately 35 million people are infected with liver flukes throughout the world and the exceptionally high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in some endemic areas is closely related with a high prevalence of liver fluke infection. Considering the impact of this food-borne malady on public health and the severe possible clinical consequences, liver fluke infection should not be forgotten or neglected.
Topics: Animals; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biomarkers; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholangitis; Clonorchiasis; Clonorchis sinensis; Humans; Incidence; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis
PubMed: 21603286
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2011.12.3.269 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2017European liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, causing opisthorchiasis disease, is widespread in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and sporadically detected in the EU countries....
BACKGROUND
European liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, causing opisthorchiasis disease, is widespread in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and sporadically detected in the EU countries. O. felineus infection leads to hepatobiliary pathological changes, cholangitis, fibrosis and, in severe cases, malignant transformation of bile ducts. Due to absence of specific symptoms, the infection is frequently neglected for a long period. The association of opisthorchiasis with almost incurable bile duct cancer and rising international migration of people that increases the risk of the parasitic etiology of liver fibrosis in non-endemic regions determine high demand for development of approaches to opisthorchiasis detection.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS) were applied for differential assessment of hepatic abnormalities induced by O. felineus in an experimental animal model. Correlations of the MR-findings with the histological data as well as the data of the biochemical analysis of liver tissue were found. MRI provides valuable information about the severity of liver impairments induced by opisthorchiasis. An MR image of O. felineus infected liver has a characteristic pattern that differs from that of closely related liver fluke infections. 1H and 31P MRS in combination with biochemical analysis data showed that O. felineus infection disturbed hepatic metabolism of the host, which was accompanied by cholesterol accumulation in the liver.
CONCLUSIONS
A non-invasive approach based on the magnetic resonance technique is very advantageous and may be successfully used not only for diagnosing and evaluating liver damage induced by O. felineus, but also for investigating metabolic changes arising in the infected organ. Since damages induced by the liver fluke take place in different liver lobes, MRI has the potential to overcome liver biopsy sampling variability that limits predictive validity of biopsy analysis for staging liver fluke-induced fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Cholangitis; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis
PubMed: 28708894
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005778