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ELife Mar 2018People with higher autistic traits display stronger fluctuations in pupil size when presented with an optical illusion.
People with higher autistic traits display stronger fluctuations in pupil size when presented with an optical illusion.
Topics: Adult; Autistic Disorder; Consciousness; Eye; Humans; Optical Illusions
PubMed: 29508698
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.35374 -
Perception 1994
Topics: Artifacts; Brain; Humans; Motion Perception; Optical Illusions; Orientation; Research; Saccades; Vision, Ocular; Visual Perception
PubMed: 7845765
DOI: 10.1068/p230741 -
Perception Jul 2023The Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions affect the perceived size of a target circle depending on the size and proximity of circular inducers or a ring. Converging...
The Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions affect the perceived size of a target circle depending on the size and proximity of circular inducers or a ring. Converging evidence suggests that these illusions are driven by interactions between contours mediated by their cortical distance in primary visual cortex. We tested the effect of cortical distance on these illusions using two methods: First, we manipulated retinal distance between target and inducers in a two-interval forced choice design, finding that targets appeared larger with a closer surround. Next, we predicted that targets presented peripherally should appear larger due to cortical magnification. Hence, we tested the illusion strength when positioning the stimuli at various eccentricities, with results supporting this hypothesis. We calculated estimated cortical distances between illusion elements in each experiment and used these estimates to compare the relationship between cortical distance and illusion strength across our experiments. In a final experiment, we modified the Delboeuf illusion to test whether the influence of the inducers/annuli in this illusion is influenced by an inhibitory surround. We found evidence that an additional outer ring makes targets appear smaller compared to a single-ring condition, suggesting that near and distal contours have antagonistic effects on perceived target size.
Topics: Humans; Illusions; Optical Illusions; Size Perception; Gravitation; Retina
PubMed: 37335155
DOI: 10.1177/03010066231175014 -
Vision Research Dec 2017In cognition, audition, and somatosensation, performance strongly correlates between different paradigms, which suggests the existence of common factors. In contrast,...
In cognition, audition, and somatosensation, performance strongly correlates between different paradigms, which suggests the existence of common factors. In contrast, visual performance in seemingly very similar tasks, such as visual and bisection acuity, are hardly related, i.e., pairwise correlations between performance levels are low even though test-retest reliability is high. Here we show similar results for visual illusions. Consistent with previous findings, we found significant correlations between the illusion magnitude of the Ebbinghaus and Ponzo illusions, but this relationship was the only significant correlation out of 15 further comparisons. Similarly, we found a significant link for the Ponzo illusion with both mental imagery and cognitive disorganization. However, most other correlations between illusions and personality were not significant. The findings suggest that vision is highly specific, i.e., there is no common factor. While this proposal does not exclude strong and stable associations between certain illusions and between certain illusions and personality traits, these associations seem to be the exception rather than the rule.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Imagination; Individuality; Learning; Male; Middle Aged; Optical Illusions; Personality; Photic Stimulation; Principal Component Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 27919676
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.10.006 -
Perception 2007
Topics: Distance Perception; Humans; Optical Illusions; Television; Walking
PubMed: 18283922
DOI: 10.1068/p3612ed -
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Jun 2017Specific abnormalities of vision in schizophrenia have been observed to affect high-level and some low-level integration mechanisms, suggesting that people with... (Review)
Review
Specific abnormalities of vision in schizophrenia have been observed to affect high-level and some low-level integration mechanisms, suggesting that people with schizophrenia may experience anomalies across different stages in the visual system affecting either early or late processing or both. Here, we review the research into visual illusion perception in schizophrenia and the issues which previous research has faced. One general finding that emerged from the literature is that those with schizophrenia are mostly immune to the effects of high-level illusory displays, but this effect is not consistent across all low-level illusions. The present review suggests that this resistance is due to the weakening of top-down perceptual mechanisms and may be relevant to the understanding of symptoms of visual distortion rather than hallucinations as previously thought.
Topics: Humans; Illusions; Optical Illusions; Schizophrenia; Visual Perception
PubMed: 27730532
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-016-1168-5 -
Vision Research Dec 2015It is well known that visible luminance gradients may generate contrast effects. In this work we present a new paradoxical illusion in which the luminance range of...
It is well known that visible luminance gradients may generate contrast effects. In this work we present a new paradoxical illusion in which the luminance range of gradual transitions has been reduced to make them invisible. By adopting the phenomenological method proposed by Kanizsa, we have found that unnoticeable luminance gradients still generate contrast effects. But, most interestingly, we have found that when their width is narrowed, rather than generating contrast effects on the surrounded surfaces, they generate an assimilation effect. Both high- and low-level interpretations of this "phantom" illusion are critically evaluated.
Topics: Contrast Sensitivity; Humans; Optical Illusions; Phantoms, Imaging; Visual Perception
PubMed: 26505683
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.10.007 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022Lightness of a surface depends not only on its physical characteristics, but also on the properties of the surrounding context. As a result, varying the context can...
Lightness of a surface depends not only on its physical characteristics, but also on the properties of the surrounding context. As a result, varying the context can significantly alter surface lightness, an effect exploited in many lightness illusions. Computational models can produce outcomes similar to human illusory percepts, allowing for demonstrable assessment of the applied mechanisms and principles. We tested 8 computational models on 13 typical displays used in lightness research (11 Illusions and 2 Mondrians), and compared them with results from human participants (N = 85). Results show that HighPass and MIR models predict empirical results for simultaneous lightness contrast (SLC) and its close variations. ODOG and its newer variants (ODOG-2 and L-ODOG) in addition to SLC displays were able to predict effect of White's illusion. RETINEX was able to predict effects of both SLC displays and Dungeon illusion. Dynamic decorrelation model was able to predict obtained effects for all tested stimuli except two SLC variations. Finally, FL-ODOG model was best at simulating human data, as it was able to predict empirical results for all displays, bar the Reversed contrast illusion. Finally, most models underperform on the Mondrian displays that represent most natural stimuli for the human visual system.
Topics: Humans; Optical Illusions; Contrast Sensitivity; Computer Simulation; Visual Perception
PubMed: 36543784
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22395-7 -
Vision Research Nov 2014The perceived orientation of a line or grating is affected by the orientation structure of the surrounding image: the tilt illusion. Here, I offer a selective review of... (Review)
Review
The perceived orientation of a line or grating is affected by the orientation structure of the surrounding image: the tilt illusion. Here, I offer a selective review of the literature on the tilt illusion, focusing on functional aspects. The review explores the merits of mechanistic accounts of the tilt illusion based upon sensory gain control in which neuronal responses are normalized by the pooled activity of other units. The role of inhibition between orientation-selective neurons is discussed, and it is argued that their associated disinhibition must also be taken into account in order to model the full angular dependence of the tilt illusion on surround orientation. Parallels are drawn with adaptation as modulation by the temporal rather than spatial context within which an image fragment is processed. The chromatic selectivity of the tilt illusion and the extent of its dependence on the visibility of the surround are used to infer characteristics of the neuronal normalization pools and the loci in the cortical processing hierarchy at which gain control operates. Finally, recent evidence is discussed as to the possible clinical relevance of the tilt illusion as a biomarker for schizophrenia.
Topics: Humans; Optical Illusions; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Psychophysics; Schizophrenia; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception
PubMed: 24995379
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.06.009 -
Vision Research Dec 2019Perception of local properties of the visual field is influenced by aftereffects of adaptation. The tilt aftereffect describes repulsion of the perceived orientation of...
Perception of local properties of the visual field is influenced by aftereffects of adaptation. The tilt aftereffect describes repulsion of the perceived orientation of a line from the orientation of an adapting line. Analogous effects of spatial context are often called illusions. Repulsion of the perceived orientation of a grating from the orientation of a surrounding grating is referred to as the tilt illusion. In the same manner, the size aftereffect and Ebbinghaus illusion form a complementary pair of temporal and spatial context effects of size. Here we report psychophysical evidence for a previously unknown aspect-ratio illusion which causes the perceived aspect-ratio of a rectangle to be repelled from the aspect-ratio of rectangles surrounding it. This illusion provides a spatial analogue to the aspect-ratio aftereffect.
Topics: Form Perception; Humans; Optical Illusions; Orientation, Spatial; Photic Stimulation; Psychophysics; Visual Fields
PubMed: 31678618
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.003