-
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Apr 2019Institutional protocols designed for the oral administration of live microbial communities, either complex or microscopic (microcosmic), to mice do not exist. However,... (Review)
Review
Institutional protocols designed for the oral administration of live microbial communities, either complex or microscopic (microcosmic), to mice do not exist. However, this approach is increasingly employed by investigators focusing on the gut microbiome in experimental research. Herein, we propose two analytically Kappa-based consensus protocols to promote reproducibility and standardization in research practices and describe biologically relevant factors in achieving optimal microbial engraftment of communities in germ-free mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Germ-Free Life; Mice; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiota; Models, Animal
PubMed: 31038368
DOI: 10.1177/1535370219838203 -
Theranostics 2022The past few years has witnessed a booming market of protein and peptide drugs, owing to their superior efficiency and biocompatibility. Parenteral route is the most... (Review)
Review
The past few years has witnessed a booming market of protein and peptide drugs, owing to their superior efficiency and biocompatibility. Parenteral route is the most commonly employed method for protein and peptide drugs administration. However, short plasma half-life protein and peptide drugs requires repetitive injections and results in poor patient compliance. Oral delivery is a promising alternative but hindered by harsh gastrointestinal environment and defensive intestinal epithelial barriers. Therefore, designing suitable oral delivery systems for peptide and protein drugs has been a persistent challenge. This review summarizes the main challenges for oral protein and peptide drugs delivery and highlights the advanced formulation strategies to improve their oral bioavailability. More importantly, major intestinal cell types and available targeting receptors are introduced along with the potential strategies to target these cell types. We also described the multifunctional biomaterials which can be used to prepare oral carrier systems as well as to modulate the mucosal immune response. Understanding the emerging delivery strategies and challenges for protein and peptide drugs will surely inspire the production of promising oral delivery systems that serves therapeutic needs in clinical settings.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Peptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Proteins
PubMed: 35154498
DOI: 10.7150/thno.61747 -
Pharmaceutical Research Jan 2023Nucleic acid (NA) therapy has gained importance over the past decade due to its high degree of selectivity and minimal toxic effects over conventional drugs. Currently,... (Review)
Review
Nucleic acid (NA) therapy has gained importance over the past decade due to its high degree of selectivity and minimal toxic effects over conventional drugs. Currently, intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) formulations constitute majority of the marketed formulations containing nucleic acids. However, oral administration is traditionally preferred due to ease of administration as well as higher patient compliance. To leverage the benefits of oral delivery for NA therapy, the NA of interest must be delivered to the target site avoiding all degrading and inhibiting factors during its transition through the gastrointestinal tract. The oral route presents myriad of challenges to NA delivery, making formulation development challenging. Researchers in the last few decades have formulated various delivery systems to overcome such challenges and several reviews summarize and discuss these strategies in detail. However, there is a need to differentiate between the approaches based on target so that in future, delivery strategies can be developed according to the goal of the study and for efficient delivery to the desired site. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms for target specific delivery, list and discuss the formulation strategies used for oral delivery of NA therapies and delineate the similarities and differences between local and systemic targeting oral delivery systems and current challenges.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Nucleic Acids; Administration, Oral; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 36271204
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03415-7 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Nov 2023To evaluate the impact of oral intake of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on skin health. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of oral intake of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on skin health.
BACKGROUND
HA, an endogenous substance in the human body, plays a key role in skin health. However, its concentration in the skin decreases significantly with age. Previous studies suggested that oral intake of HA can supplement the body's HA level, but did not reveal the effects on different age groups and skin types.
METHODS
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial with 129 female participants, covering young and elderly groups and differnet skin types, was conducted to assess the efficacy of orally administered HA on skin health.
RESULTS
Oral administration of HA significantly promoted skin hydration after 2-8 weeks among both young and elderly groups. Skin tone improvement was observed after 4-8 weeks, while an increase in epidermal thickness was noted after 12 weeks.
CONCLUSION
This study provides direct evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of oral intake of HA in promoting skin health.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Hyaluronic Acid; Skin Diseases; Skin; Epidermis; Double-Blind Method; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38009035
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13531 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2023Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are isotropic mixtures typically comprising lipids, surfactants, and/or co-solvents, in which drugs are pre-solubilized. After oral... (Review)
Review
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are isotropic mixtures typically comprising lipids, surfactants, and/or co-solvents, in which drugs are pre-solubilized. After oral administration, LBFs are piggybacked into endogenous lipid digestion pathways. This triggers drug super-saturation and improves absorption. However, super-saturation poses a risk of drug precipitation, which generally leads to poor drug absorption. Furthermore, a series of aqueous colloidal species including digestion products (typically fatty acids and monoglycerides) and endogenous molecules (bile acids and phospholipids) increase the drug solubilization capacity of the intestinal fluid (compared with that of the normal intestinal fluid). However, the solubilization/precipitation behavior may change according to the LBF composition (e.g., the drug loading amount and type of formulation excipients), which may ultimately lead to differences in oral absorption. This review summarizes the results of the evaluation and prediction of the effect of LBFs composition on oral absorption and provides an in-depth understanding of the drug absorption mechanisms when using LBFs.
Topics: Pharmaceutical Preparations; Water; Administration, Oral; Chemical Phenomena; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37661438
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00092 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Dec 2013Food allergies are increasing in prevalence and present an emerging epidemic for westernized countries. Strict dietary avoidance is the only approved management for food... (Review)
Review
Food allergies are increasing in prevalence and present an emerging epidemic for westernized countries. Strict dietary avoidance is the only approved management for food allergy, but accidental exposures regularly occur, leading to significant patient anxiety and decreased quality of life. Over the past decade, oral and sublingual immunotherapies have emerged as potential treatments for food allergy. While several small clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy can desensitize food-allergic individuals, strategies for further enhancing safety and definitively establishing long-term efficacy are needed. This review presents an overview of recent oral and sublingual immunotherapy trials, and provides a glimpse into what the next generation of food immunotherapy may entail.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Clinical Trials as Topic; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunotherapy; Sublingual Immunotherapy
PubMed: 23972904
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.07.011 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Cell-targeted delivery is an advanced strategy which can effectively solve health problems. However, the presence of synthetic materials in delivery systems may trigger... (Review)
Review
Cell-targeted delivery is an advanced strategy which can effectively solve health problems. However, the presence of synthetic materials in delivery systems may trigger side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cell-targeted delivery systems with excellent biosafety. Edible materials not only exhibit biosafety, but also can be used to construct cell-targeted delivery systems such as ligands, carriers, and nutraceuticals. Moreover, oral administration is the appropriate route for cell-targeted delivery systems constructed of edible materials (CDSEMs), which is the same as the pattern of food intake, resulting in good patient compliance. In this review, relevant studies of oral CDSEMs are collected to summarize the construction method, action mechanism, and health impact. The gastrointestinal stability of delivery systems can be improved by anti-digestible materials. The design of the surface structure, shape, and size of carrier is beneficial to overcoming the mucosal barrier. Additionally, some edible materials show dual functions of a ligand and carrier, which is conductive to simplifying the design of CDSEMs. This review can provide a better understanding and prospect for oral CDSEMs and promote their application in the health field.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Oral; Drug Delivery Systems; Containment of Biohazards
PubMed: 36432092
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227991 -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Jul 2022For oral drugs, the formulator and discovery chemist have a tool available to them that can be used to navigate the risks associated with the selection and development... (Review)
Review
For oral drugs, the formulator and discovery chemist have a tool available to them that can be used to navigate the risks associated with the selection and development of immediate release oral drugs and drug products. This tool is the biopharmaceutics classification system (giBCS). Unfortunately, no such classification system exists for inhaled drugs. The perspective outlined in this manuscript provides the foundational principles and framework for a classification system for inhaled drugs. The proposed classification system, an inhalation-based biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS), is based on fundamental biopharmaceutics principles adapted to an inhalation route of administration framework. It is envisioned that a classification system for orally inhaled drugs will facilitate an understanding of the technical challenges associated with the development of new chemical entities and their associated new drug products (device and drug formulation combinations). Similar to the giBCS, the iBCS will be based on key attributes describing the drug substance (solubility and permeability) and the drug product (dose and dissolution). This manuscript provides the foundational aspects of an iBCS, including the proposed scientific principles and framework upon which such a system can be developed.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Biopharmaceutics; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility
PubMed: 35576168
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00113 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Aug 2023With the enhancement of aesthetic awareness of children's oral maxillofacial development, multi-disciplinary doctors pay attention to children's oral maxillofacial... (Review)
Review
With the enhancement of aesthetic awareness of children's oral maxillofacial development, multi-disciplinary doctors pay attention to children's oral maxillofacial management. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been gradually applied to all fields of children's oral maxillofacial management because of its outstanding advantages in medical screening and auxiliary decision-making. This article reviews the application of AI technology in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of oral maxillofacial management in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 37551576
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.08.012 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Jul 2022The study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of a novel pregabalin 50 mg/ml oral solution formulation (Bonqat , Orion...
The study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of a novel pregabalin 50 mg/ml oral solution formulation (Bonqat , Orion Corporation Orion Pharma) in 6 healthy laboratory cats. The cats received pregabalin as single oral doses of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg, dose 5 mg/kg on two consecutive days, and a single intravenous dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The washout period between each administration was four weeks. The cats were monitored for clinical signs and level of sedation, and blood samples were taken before pregabalin dosing and at pre-defined time points up to 168 h after dosing. Plasma concentrations of pregabalin were determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The mean maximum plasma concentration of 10.1 μg/ml was reached between 0.5 and 1 h after oral administration of the clinical dose 5 mg/kg. The mean half-life after oral administration of dose 5 mg/kg was 14.7 h and the mean systemic bioavailability was 94%. Pregabalin showed linear pharmacokinetics from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/kg. Exposures after a single dose and re-dosing of 5 mg/kg at 24 h were comparable. Pregabalin was well tolerated with mild sedation and mildly uncoordinated movements observed in few cats at dose 7.5 mg/kg. As a conclusion, study results show rapid absorption, linear pharmacokinetics, and high oral bioavailability of pregabalin without safety concerns after administration of oral solution in cats.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Cats; Half-Life; Pregabalin
PubMed: 35466408
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13061