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Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences May 2021Oral candidiasis is a frequent form of candidiasis, caused by species, in particular, (). The transition of from yeast to hyphae allows its attachment to epithelial...
BACKGROUND
Oral candidiasis is a frequent form of candidiasis, caused by species, in particular, (). The transition of from yeast to hyphae allows its attachment to epithelial cells, followed by biofilm formation, invasion, and tissue damage. Hence, we investigated the effect of subspecies thermophilus () on the growth as well as biofilm and germ-tube formation of both and in vivo in a murine model.
METHODS
This experimental study was performed in the Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, in collaboration with the Central Research Laboratory and the Comparative Biomedical Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (2017 to 2018). The inhibitory activity of against species growth was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, and the inhibition of biofilm formation was measured using the XTT assay. The inhibition of germ-tube formation by was evaluated using the plate assay and fluorescence microscopy. The experimental activity of the probiotic bacterium was assessed by culture and histopathological methods in six groups of five mice, comprising those treated with four concentrations of probiotics, fluconazole, and distilled water. The one-way analysis of variance, followed by a hoc test, was used and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
inhibited species growth at concentrations of 16 to 512 µg/mL. This probiotic inhibited the formation of biofilms and germ tubes in a dose-dependent manner. significantly reduced the colony-forming units in the mice receiving 30 mg/mL of this probiotic treatment compared with the control group (P=0.024). The histopathological analysis showed that colonization was diminished in the mice following the administration of the probiotic.
CONCLUSION
Given the inhibitory activity of against the growth, transition, and biofilm formation of , it could be used in the management of oral candidiasis.
Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Disease Models, Animal; Iran; Mice; Probiotics; Protective Factors; Streptococcus thermophilus
PubMed: 34083853
DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.82080.0 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2010Treatment of cancer is increasingly effective but is associated with short and long term side effects. Oral and gastrointestinal side effects, including oral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Treatment of cancer is increasingly effective but is associated with short and long term side effects. Oral and gastrointestinal side effects, including oral candidiasis, remain a major source of illness despite the use of a variety of agents to treat them.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Computerised searches of Cochrane Oral Health Group and PaPaS Trials Registers (to 1 June 2010), CENTRAL via the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2010, 1 June 2010), MEDLINE via OVID (1 June 2010), EMBASE via OVID (1 June 2010), CINAHL via EBSCO (1 June 2010), CANCERLIT via PubMed (1 June 2010), OpenSIGLE (1 June 2010) and LILACS via Virtual Health Library (1 June 2010) were undertaken. Reference lists from relevant articles were searched and the authors of eligible trials were contacted to identify trials and obtain additional information.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised controlled trials comparing agents prescribed to treat oral candidiasis in people receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer. The outcomes were eradication of oral candidiasis, dysphagia, systemic infection, amount of analgesia, length of hospitalisation, cost and patient quality of life.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two review authors. Trial authors were contacted for details of randomisation and withdrawals and a quality assessment was carried out. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated using fixed-effect models.
MAIN RESULTS
Ten trials involving 940 patients, satisfied the inclusion criteria and are included in this review. Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were beneficial in eradication of oral candidiasis compared with drugs not absorbed from the GI tract (three trials: RR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 1.52), however there was significant heterogeneity. A drug absorbed from the GI tract, ketoconazole, was more beneficial than placebo in eradicating oral candidiasis (one trial: RR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.47 to 8.88). Clotrimazole, at a higher dose of 50 mg was more effective than a lower 10 mg dose in eradicating oral candidiasis, when assessed mycologically (one trial: RR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.60). Only one of the ten trials was assessed as at low risk of bias.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence to claim or refute a benefit for any antifungal agent in treating candidiasis. Further well designed, placebo-controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of old and new interventions for treating oral candidiasis are needed. Clinicians need to make a decision on whether to prevent or treat oral candidiasis in patients receiving treatment for cancer.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 20614427
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001972.pub4 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2020Oral candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patient and it is caused by species. The low absolute CD4+T-lymphocyte count has...
INTRODUCTION
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patient and it is caused by species. The low absolute CD4+T-lymphocyte count has traditionally been cited as the greatest risk factor for the development of Oral Candidiasis. The aim of this study was to identify species isolated from the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patients, to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility and to investigate the possible risk factors associated with oral candidiasis.
METHODS
This was a hospital based cross sectional study that was carried out for a period of 3 months amongst HIV/AIDS patients in Kumba District Hospital, whether on HAART or not. Mouth swabs were collected from 378 participants using sterile cotton wool swabs and 5ml venous blood were collected for determination of CD4 cell. species were isolated and identified. Antifungal sensitivity testing was performed using modified kirby-bauer susceptibility testing technique.
RESULTS
species were present in 42.86% of the samples and was the most prevalent (60.2%) amongst the six isolates identified, followed by (16.9%), (12.3%), (6.4%), (2.3%) and (1.8%). Pregnancy, oral hygiene and antibiotic usage were significantly associated with oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients (P<0.05). Oral candidiasis was mostly frequent in HIV/AIDS patients between 21-40 years. A CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl was a significant risk factor for acquiring oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients (P<0.001). Nystatin was the most sensitive drug (83.6%) meanwhile ketonazole was the most resistant drug (29.2%), followed by fluconazole (24.6%) to all oral isolates.
CONCLUSION
Oral colonization occurs more frequently in HIV/AIDS patients and the is a need for the government to implement regular checks for opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients, including oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients to monitor disease progression and prevent subsequent complications such as candidemia and diarrhea.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cameroon; Candida; Candidiasis, Oral; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; HIV Infections; Hospitals, District; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32774600
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.23.18202 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Oct 2003The clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck causes oral sequelae that can compromise patients' quality of life and necessitate abandonment or... (Review)
Review
The clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck causes oral sequelae that can compromise patients' quality of life and necessitate abandonment or reduction of optimal therapeutic regimens, which in turn reduces the odds of long-term survival. Such sequelae can be prevented or at least better managed if dental and medical health care providers work together. It is therefore essential that dentists have an understanding of cancer therapy and a sound working knowledge of the prevention and management options for the oral sequelae of cancer treatment. This paper offers the dental team an overview of the consequences associated with radiotherapy, as well as a systematic overview of preventing or managing acute and chronic conditions before and during radiotherapy. In addition, it reviews considerations for continued treatment needs during the patient"s lifetime.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chlorhexidine; Cranial Irradiation; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Oral Hygiene; Osteoradionecrosis; Radiation Injuries; Stomatitis; Xerostomia
PubMed: 14653934
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Feb 1987
Topics: Beclomethasone; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Nebulizers and Vaporizers
PubMed: 3827306
DOI: 10.1136/adc.62.2.213-b -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Jan 2018This integrative literature review aims to identify the main oral lesions affecting pediatric patients with HIV, and describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
This integrative literature review aims to identify the main oral lesions affecting pediatric patients with HIV, and describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on these injuries, comparing it to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A search was conducted in PubMed and Scielo databases, following predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 19 papers were selected and the main information on the prevalence and frequency of oral manifestations in HIV-positive pediatric patients and effect of therapy applied were extracted. The most frequent injuries were oral candidiasis, gingivitis, parotid gland enlargement and linear gingival erythema. The use of HAART shown to reduce the prevalence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with HIV and be more effective than ART. The findings of this study suggest that the most frequent oral manifestation in HIV-infected children is oral candidiasis, followed by changes such as gingivitis and enlargement parotid glands. The use of HAART appears to reduce the prevalence of these oral lesions, showing more effective results than ART.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Candidiasis, Oral; Child; Gingivitis; HIV Infections; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Parotid Gland; Prevalence
PubMed: 29267817
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018231.19072015 -
Oral Diseases Jul 2015Roles of aging or immune responses mediated by Toll-like receptors and natural killer cell in the onset or progression of human candidiasis remain unclear. This study...
OBJECTIVE
Roles of aging or immune responses mediated by Toll-like receptors and natural killer cell in the onset or progression of human candidiasis remain unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the roles using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with oral candidiasis.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Subjects tested were healthy volunteers and patients who visited Dental Clinical Division of Hokkaido University Hospital. The patients with oral candidiasis included 39 individuals (25-89 years of age) with major complaints on pain in oral mucosa and/or dysgeusia. Healthy volunteers include students (25-35 years of age) and teaching staffs (50-65 years of age) of Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine.
RESULTS
Functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 were downregulated significantly and the natural killer activity was slightly, but not significantly downregulated in aged healthy volunteers compared with healthy young volunteers. Functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and the natural killer activity were significantly downregulated in patients with oral candidiasis compared with healthy volunteers.
CONCLUSION
Downregulation of functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 as well as natural killer activity is suggested to be associated with the onset or progression of oral candidiasis in human.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Disease Progression; Down-Regulation; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Middle Aged; Toll-Like Receptors
PubMed: 25704085
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12329 -
Odontology Oct 2018The causes of fungemia include immunosuppression and neutropenia stemming from diverse factors as well as the placement of central venous catheters. However, the...
The causes of fungemia include immunosuppression and neutropenia stemming from diverse factors as well as the placement of central venous catheters. However, the relationship between fungemia and the oral cavity has not been substantiated. In this study, we explored the pathological conditions of Candida albicans-derived oral candidiasis in a mouse model, which always develops oral mucositis as a complication. In oral candidiasis, the hyphae of C. albicans are believed to primarily invade the stratum granulosum, but not the subepithelium, of the mucous membrane. We provide histological evidence that in concomitant oral mucositis, the hyphae infiltrate the subepithelium and blood vessels. Blood cultures and tissue samples revealed the onset of fungemia only in the mucositis-induced groups. Positive numbers of colony-forming units were found in groups A (chemotherapy), B (chemotherapy + mucositis) and C (mucositis), but were highest in group B. Some organs revealed positive CFU in groups B and C. The presence of fungal DNA in blood plasma and tissue was confirmed by PCR. The fungal DNA frequency was significantly higher in the mucositis group when compared with the non-mucositis group. The results suggest that fungi first invade the subepithelium and then the blood vessels, from which they disseminate throughout the body, and that oral mucositis is an important risk factor for fungemia. This study clearly demonstrates the relationship between oral mucositis, fungemia, and the potential systemic fungal dissemination, which has not been previously proven. Our findings highlight the importance of oral care for patients at risk of fungemia.
Topics: Animals; Candidiasis, Oral; Disease Models, Animal; Fungemia; Male; Mice; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stem Cells; Stomatitis
PubMed: 29797142
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0366-1 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Oct 2021While cigarette smoke compounds are known to have immunosuppressive effects on the oral mucosa, the relationship between in vivo immune dysfunction caused by smoking and...
While cigarette smoke compounds are known to have immunosuppressive effects on the oral mucosa, the relationship between in vivo immune dysfunction caused by smoking and the development of oral Candida infections remains largely unexplored. In a recent issue of The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ye and colleagues provide evidence that smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which in turn negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome. This opens new perspective in considering Nrf2 as a relevant target for smoking-induced C. albicans-related oral diseases.
Topics: Biomarkers; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Inflammasomes; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Smoking
PubMed: 34486221
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16901 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2008Despite therapeutic progress, opportunistic oral fungal infectious diseases have increased in prevalence, especially in denture wearers. The combination of entrapment of... (Review)
Review
Despite therapeutic progress, opportunistic oral fungal infectious diseases have increased in prevalence, especially in denture wearers. The combination of entrapment of yeast cells in irregularities in denture-base and denture-relining materials, poor oral hygiene and several systemic factors is the most probable cause for the onset of this infectious disease. Hence colonization and growth on prostheses by Candida species are of clinical importance. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss several key factors controlling the adhesion of Candida species which are relevant to denture-associated stomatitis. Although there is some consensus on the role of surface properties, studies on several other factors, as the use of denture liners, salivary properties and yeast-bacterial interactions, have shown contradictory findings. A comprehensive fundamental understanding is hampered by conflicting findings due to the large variations in experimental protocols, while other factors have never been thoroughly studied. Surface free energy and surface roughness control the initial adherence, but temporal changes have not been reported. Neither have in vivo studies shown if the substratum type is critical in dictating biofilm accumulation during longer periods in the oral environment. The contribution of saliva is unclear due to factors like variations in its collection and handling. Initial findings have disclosed that also bacteria are crucial for the successful establishment of Candida in biofilms, but the clinical significance of this observation is yet to be confirmed. In conclusion, there is a need to standardize experimental procedures, to bridge the gap between laboratory and in vivo methodologies and findings and--in general--to thoroughly investigate the factors that modulate the initial attachment and subsequent colonization of denture-base materials and the oral mucosa of patients subjected to Candida infections. Information on how these factors can be controlled is required and this may help to prevent the disease. The societal impact of such information is significant given the magnitude of the candidosis problem worldwide.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biofilms; Candida; Candidiasis, Oral; Denture Liners; Dentures; Humans; Saliva; Stomatitis, Denture; Surface Properties
PubMed: 19089197
DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000200002