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Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Sep 2012Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the main potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa. Stromal...
OBJECTIVES
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the main potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa. Stromal myofibroblasts play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, due to its ability to modify the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of stromal myofibroblasts in OL and OSCC. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between histologically high- and low-invasive OSCC were also assessed.
STUDY DESIGN
A total of 30 OL and 41 OSCC from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated. 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were used as a control. Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical detection of alpha smooth muscle actin and its presence was classified as negative, scanty or abundant. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between high- and low-invasive OSCC were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS
Myofibroblasts were not detected in normal oral mucosa and OL, whatever its histological grade. In OSCC, the presence of stromal myofibroblasts was classified as negative in 11 (26.8%), scanty in 15 (36.6%), and abundant in 15 samples (36.6%). The presence of stromal myofibroblasts was statistically higher in high-invasive OSCC than in low-invasive OSCC (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Stromal myofibroblasts were not detected in OL, indicating that these cells are not important during oral carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, stromal myofibroblasts were heterogeneously detected in OSCC and its presence was higher in tumors with a more diffuse histological pattern of invasion. These findings suggest that myofibroblasts are associated with the creation of a permissive environment for tumor invasion in OSCC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Myofibroblasts
PubMed: 22322518
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17834 -
Medicine Jul 2019Bibliometric analysis highlights the key topics and studies which have shaped the understanding and management of a disease of interest. Here the top-cited articles on...
BACKGROUND
Bibliometric analysis highlights the key topics and studies which have shaped the understanding and management of a disease of interest. Here the top-cited articles on oral leukoplakia (OL) were characterized, and research patterns and trends were analyzed.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was performed and identified in the Scopus database up to 22 February 2019 for the 100 most-cited articles on OL.
RESULTS
The number of citations of the 100 selected articles varied from 116 to 1418, with a mean of 226.7 citations per article. Both Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine and Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology were journals with the most articles published (n = 10). Both Hong W.K. and Lippman S. were the most frequently contributing authors (n = 9). United States (n = 43) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (n = 12) was most contributing country and institution, respectively. Systematic reviews/meta-analysis (n = 3) and randomized controlled trial (n = 7) were study designs with high evidence level. It is noteworthy that the majority of high-quality articles were the research of chemopreventive drugs (n = 21) and molecular markers/targets (n = 10), which may indicate a trend of key topics.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this first citation analysis of the most-cited articles on OL provide a historical perspective on scientific evolution, and suggest further research trends and clinical practice in the field of OL.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Biomedical Research; Databases, Factual; Humans; Journal Impact Factor; Leukoplakia, Oral; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 31277163
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016293 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2016Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare form of oral leukoplakia, which was first described in 1985 by Hansen et al. Since then, various published case... (Review)
Review
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare form of oral leukoplakia, which was first described in 1985 by Hansen et al. Since then, various published case series have presented PVL as a disease with aggressive biological behavior due to its high probability of recurrence and a high rate of malignant transformation, usually higher than 70%. PVL is a long-term progressive condition, which is observed more frequently in elderly women, over 60 years at the time of diagnosis. The buccal mucosa and tongue are the most frequently involved sites. It develops initially as a white plaque of hyperkeratosis that eventually becomes a multifocal disease with confluent, exophytic and proliferative features with a progressive deterioration of the lesions, making it more and more difficult to control. Tobacco use does not seem to have a significant influence on the appearance or progression of PVL and may occur both in smokers and nonsmokers. Prognosis is poor for this seemingly harmless-appearing white lesion of the oral mucosa. At present, the etiology of PVL remains unclear as well as its management and diagnosis, which is still retrospective, late and poorly defined, lacking consensus criteria. This short review discusses the clinical and histopathological features, diagnosis, traditional treatment and the current management of the disease.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Recurrence
PubMed: 27461595
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.151443 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety... (Review)
Review
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, and more. Given that these functions are intimately associated with the carcinogenic process, and that hyperkeratinization is a quintessential feature of oral leukoplakias, the utility of keratins in oral leukoplakia is yet to be fully explored. This scoping review aims to outline the current knowledge founded on original studies on human tissues regarding the expression and utility of keratins as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in oral leukoplakias. After using a search strategy developed for several scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID, 42 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One more article was added when it was identified through manually searching the list of references. The included papers were published between 1989 and 2024. Keratins 1-20 were investigated in the 43 included studies, and their expression was assessed in oral leukoplakia and dysplasia cases. Only five studies investigated the prognostic role of keratins in relation to malignant transformation. No studies evaluated keratins as a diagnostic adjunct or predictive tool. Evidence supports the idea that dysplasia disrupts the terminal differentiation pathway of primary keratins. Gain of keratin 17 expression and loss of keratin 13 were significantly observed in differentiated epithelial dysplasia. Also, the keratin 19 extension into suprabasal cells has been associated with the evolving features of dysplasia. The loss of keratin1/keratin 10 has been significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia. The prognostic value of cytokeratins has shown conflicting results, and further studies are required to ascertain their role in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
Topics: Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Keratins; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38891785
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115597 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2021: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This... (Review)
Review
: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus () therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. : We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. : 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. : Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.
Topics: Adenoviruses, Human; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 34062896
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050438 -
Oral Diseases May 2021To systematically review retrospective studies examining prognostic potentials of candidate biomarkers to stratify malignant progression of oral leukoplakia (OL) and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review retrospective studies examining prognostic potentials of candidate biomarkers to stratify malignant progression of oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Evidence-Based Medicine and Web of Science databases targeted literature published through 29 March 2018. Inter-rater agreement was ascertained during title, abstract and full-text reviews. Eligibility evaluation and data abstraction from eligible studies were guided by predefined PICO questions and bias assessment by the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria. Biomarkers were stratified based on cancer hallmarks.
RESULTS
Eligible studies (n = 54/3,415) evaluated 109 unique biomarkers in tissue specimens from 2,762 cases (2,713 OL, 49 PVL). No biomarker achieved benchmarks for clinical application to detect malignant transformation. Inter-rater reliability was high, but 65% of included studies had high "Study Confounding" bias risk.
CONCLUSION
There was no evidence to support translation of candidate biomarkers predictive of malignant transformation of OL and PVL. Systematically designed, large, optimally controlled, collaborative, prospective and longitudinal studies with a priori-specified methods to identify, recruit, prospectively follow and test for malignant transformation are needed to enhance feasibility of prognostic biomarkers predicting malignant OL or PVL transformation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32306449
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13363 -
Thoracic Cancer Oct 2020To investigate oral leukoplakia (OL) and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer deaths in the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort.
BACKGROUND
To investigate oral leukoplakia (OL) and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer deaths in the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort.
METHODS
A total of 3318 subjects with esophageal squamous dysplasia enrolled on 1 May 1985, and were followed up until 30 September 2015. Participants with OL at baseline were treated as an exposed group, while the remainder was selected as a control group. All subjects were followed monthly and reviewed quarterly by the Linxian Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
RESULTS
During the 30-year follow-up, a total of 902 UGI cancer deaths occurred, including 541 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) related, 284 gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC) related, and 77 gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) related deaths. Relative to subjects without OL, the long-term risk of ESCC mortality in participants with OL increased by 26.1% (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52). In the subgroup analyses, adverse effects of OL on ESCC mortality were observed especially in younger subjects (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97), females (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11-1.89), non-smokers (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.81), nondrinkers (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.57), and individuals with a family history of cancer (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.79). No associations were observed between OL and risk of GCC and GNCC mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
OL may increase the long-term risk of ESCC mortality, especially in younger subjects, females, nondrinkers, non-smokers, and subjects with a family cancer history. Future studies are needed to explore the potentially etiological mechanism.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 32808454
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13595 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2021The current WHO histopathologic criteria for oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) are based on architectural and cytologic alterations, and do not address other...
The current WHO histopathologic criteria for oral epithelial dysplasia (ED) are based on architectural and cytologic alterations, and do not address other histopathologic features of ED. Here we propose new diagnostic criteria including architectural, organizational, and cytologic features for oral ED. Cases of unifocal leukoplakia (UL) and proliferative leukoplakia (PL) with clinical photographs and follow-up information were identified. Only cases that showed minimal cytologic atypia or mild ED were used to demonstrate critical architectural changes as defined in this study. Eight biopsies from eight UL patients and 34 biopsies from four PL patients were included. The biopsies showed (a) corrugated, verrucous or papillary architecture, (b) hyperkeratosis with epithelial atrophy, (c) bulky squamous epithelial proliferation, and (d) demarcated hyperkeratosis and "skip" segments. The architectural alterations defined here are as important as the currently used criteria for the diagnosis of ED. Clinicopathologic correlation when diagnosing oral ED is also of the utmost importance in accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32939744
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01216-1 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2022Galectin 3 (Gal-3) has diverse functions critical in cancer biology including cell proliferation, apoptosis, evasion of immune responses and angiogenesis. The expression...
BACKGROUND
Galectin 3 (Gal-3) has diverse functions critical in cancer biology including cell proliferation, apoptosis, evasion of immune responses and angiogenesis. The expression of Gal-3 is heterogeneous in normal and neoplastic tissues. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL), both increased and decreased expressions of Gal-3 were elicited in numerous studies.
AIMS
To evaluate, compare and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-3 in OSCC, OL and normal oral mucosa.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattapara, Thiruvananthapuram. This is a retrospective analytical study.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC (n = 21), OL (n = 21), and normal oral mucosa (n = 21) were included in the study. Paraffin-embedded tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for Gal-3 expression. Gal-3 staining expression, staining distribution and cellular localisation were evaluated. All sampled categories were compared using immunohistochemical scoring analysis such as the H-score, labelling index (LI), immunoreactive score (IRS) and staining intensity (SI).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The results were statistically analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) within and among the groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The statistical inferences obtained found that the H-score could be used as a guideline for better differentiation between the groups and among the groups. The P value obtained was < 0.0125 and was found to be significant. The observation in our study shows that the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-3 gradually decreased from normal oral mucosa to OL to OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Galectin 3; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 36656189
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_157_22 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2022The doctor/nurse and police officer population have some common typical characteristics of great professional pressure and night shift and past studies indicated oral...
BACKGROUND
The doctor/nurse and police officer population have some common typical characteristics of great professional pressure and night shift and past studies indicated oral mucosa lesions were closely associated with psychological factors and health-risking behaviors, however the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and the two commonly seen oral potentially malignant disorders of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia in doctor/nurse and police officer in the Betel quid chewing city of Mainland China is unknown The cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence differences of RAS, oral leukoplakia and OSF among doctor/nurse, police officer and non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer population aged 20-59 years.
METHODS
RAS, OSF and oral leukoplakia were examined in doctor/nurse group (male: 659, female: 2439), police officer group (male: 839, female: 262) and non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer group (male: 7576, female: 8129) from 2020-11-01 to 2021-08-31 in Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital in Changsha city, Hunan province.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of RAS, OSF, oral leukoplakia and oral leukoplakia combined with OSF in male and female non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer group are 8.32‰ and 10.83‰, 58.08‰ and 1.23‰, 11.75‰ and 0.25‰, 7.66‰ and 0.12‰ respectively. Compared with the non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer population, prevalence rates of RAS in male (24.27‰) and female (20.50‰) doctor/nurse population were significantly higher. Prevalence rates of OSF (21.24‰) and oral leukoplakia (3.03‰) in male doctor/nurse population were significantly less but prevalence rates of OSF (93.71‰), oral leukoplakia (20.17‰) and oral leukoplakia combined with OSF (15.42‰) for male police officer were significantly greater in comparison with male non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer group. OSF and oral leukoplakia prevalence rates were obvious lower for the female than the counterpart male group, but there were no significant differences of OSF and oral leukoplakia prevalence rates between the female non-doctor/nurse and non-police officer and female doctor/nurse group. Oral leukoplakia was not found in the female police officers.
CONCLUSIONS
Doctor/nurse population have higher prevalence of RAS. Male doctors/nurses have lower prevalence of OSF and oral leukoplakia, while male police officers have higher prevalence of OSF, oral leukoplakia and oral leukoplakia combined with OSF.
Topics: Areca; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Prevalence; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 35974343
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02382-0