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PLoS Pathogens Aug 2017
Review
Topics: Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Models, Biological; Organ Culture Techniques
PubMed: 28837694
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006424 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Aug 2022T lymphocytes (T cells) play an important role in adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACT). T cells can be stably derived and easily obtained by various methods of T cell... (Review)
Review
T lymphocytes (T cells) play an important role in adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACT). T cells can be stably derived and easily obtained by various methods of T cell development , which have more advantages than traditional methods of T cells isolated from autologous or allogeneic tissues. At present, there are mainly three methods for T cell development : fetal thymus organ culture, recombinant thymus organ culture and two-dimensional culture driven by Notch signal. Fetal thymus organ culture is easy to operate, the isolated thymus can support T cell differentiation and development to maturity , but the intact thymus has problems of limited maintenance time and difficulty in cell harvesting. In recombinant thymic organ culture, various thymic stromal cells are dispersed and recombined to construct a three-dimensional culture environment, which can support T cell maturation and ; however, biomaterials and three-dimensional environment may lead to limited culture maintenance time and cell yield. Two-dimensional culture method uses artificial presentation of Notch signaling pathway ligands to drive T cell differentiation and development; the culture architecture is simple and stable, but it can only support T cell development to the early immature stage. This article reviews the research progress of various culture methods of T cell development , and discusses the existing problems and the future development to facilitate the application of ACT.
Topics: T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Gland; Organ Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37202105
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0369 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Oct 2020Hypoxic damage to the retina is a relevant component of neurodegenerative pathologies such as glaucoma or retinal ischemia. In porcine retina organ cultures, hypoxic...
PURPOSE
Hypoxic damage to the retina is a relevant component of neurodegenerative pathologies such as glaucoma or retinal ischemia. In porcine retina organ cultures, hypoxic damage can be induced by applying cobalt chloride (CoCl). The aim of our study was to investigate possible neuroprotective effects of the extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine in this hypoxia-damaged retina model.
METHODS
To simulate hypoxia, porcine retina organ cultures were damaged with 300 μM CoCl for 48 h starting on day 1 (n = 8-9/group). In order to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of ectoine and hydroxyectoine, 0.5 mM of each extremolyte was added to the culture at the same time as the stressor and for the same duration. On day 8, the retina organ cultures were taken for (immuno)-histochemical examinations. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), macroglia, and apoptotic and hypoxic cells were detected with appropriate markers followed by cell counts and group comparisons.
RESULTS
Treatment with ectoine resulted in RGC protection (p < 0.05) and reduced rate of apoptosis (p < 0.001) in hypoxia-treated retina organ cultures. However, the macroglia area and the amount of hypoxic, HIF-1α cells were unaffected by the ectoine treatment (p = 0.99). Treatment with hydroxyectoine also protected RGCs (p < 0.01) by inhibiting apoptosis (p < 0.001). In addition, the number of hypoxic, HIF-1α cells could be significantly reduced by treatment with hydroxyectoine (p < 0.05). The macroglia area on the other hand was unchanged after CoCl and treatment with hydroxyectoine.
CONCLUSION
Both extremolytes had a protective effect on CoCl-induced hypoxia in the porcine retina organ culture. Regarding the reduction of hypoxic stress, hydroxyectoine appears to be more effective. Thus, both extremolytes represent an interesting potential new therapeutic approach for patients with ocular diseases in which hypoxic processes play a significant role.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Humans; Organ Culture Techniques; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Swine
PubMed: 32710140
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04854-x -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering Aug 2011The definitive treatment for end-stage organ failure is orthotopic transplantation. However, the demand for transplantation far exceeds the number of available donor... (Review)
Review
The definitive treatment for end-stage organ failure is orthotopic transplantation. However, the demand for transplantation far exceeds the number of available donor organs. A promising tissue-engineering/regenerative-medicine approach for functional organ replacement has emerged in recent years. Decellularization of donor organs such as heart, liver, and lung can provide an acellular, naturally occurring three-dimensional biologic scaffold material that can then be seeded with selected cell populations. Preliminary studies in animal models have provided encouraging results for the proof of concept. However, significant challenges for three-dimensional organ engineering approach remain. This manuscript describes the fundamental concepts of whole-organ engineering, including characterization of the extracellular matrix as a scaffold, methods for decellularization of vascular organs, potential cells to reseed such a scaffold, techniques for the recellularization process and important aspects regarding bioreactor design to support this approach. Critical challenges and future directions are also discussed.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Bioreactors; Cells, Cultured; Embryonic Stem Cells; Extracellular Matrix; Fetal Blood; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Organ Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 21417722
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124743 -
Bioengineered 2015Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor... (Review)
Review
Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Organ bioengineering could provide a solution to the worldwide critical organ shortage. The majority of protocols to date have employed the use of decellularization-recellularization technology of naturally occurring tissues and organs with promising results in heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine and kidney engineering. Successful decellularization has provided researchers with suitable scaffolds to attempt cell reseeding. Future work will need to focus on the optimization of organ specific recellularization techniques before organ bioengineering can become clinically translatable. This review will examine the current progress in organ bioengineering and highlight future challenges in the field.
Topics: Animals; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Bioartificial Organs; Biomedical Engineering; Humans; Organ Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 26259720
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1081320 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Nov 2016The microvasculature is an extensive, heterogeneous, and complex system that plays a critical role in human physiology and disease. It nourishes almost all living human... (Review)
Review
The microvasculature is an extensive, heterogeneous, and complex system that plays a critical role in human physiology and disease. It nourishes almost all living human cells and maintains a local microenvironment that is vital for tissue and organ function. Operating under a state of continuous flow, with an intricate architecture despite its small caliber, and subject to a multitude of biophysical and biochemical stimuli, the microvasculature can be a complex subject to study in the laboratory setting. Engineered microvessels provide an ideal platform that recapitulates essential elements of in vivo physiology and allows study of the microvasculature in a precise and reproducible way. Here, we review relevant structural and functional vascular biology, discuss different methods to engineer microvessels, and explore the applications of this exciting tool for the study of human disease.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelial Cells; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Humans; Microvessels; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Organ Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 27537085
DOI: 10.1115/1.4034428 -
Developmental Biology Dec 2016The gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a self-renewing epithelium fueled by adult stem cells residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypt and gastric glands.... (Review)
Review
The gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a self-renewing epithelium fueled by adult stem cells residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypt and gastric glands. Their activity and proliferation is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways involving other crypt/gland cells as well as surrounding stromal cells. In recent years organoids are becoming increasingly popular as a new and powerful tool to study developmental or other biological processes. Organoids retain morphological and molecular patterns of the tissue they are derived from, are self-organizing, relatively simple to handle and accessible to genetic engineering. This review focuses on the developmental processes and signaling molecules involved in epithelial homeostasis and how a profound knowledge of these mechanisms allowed the establishment of a three dimensional organoid culture derived from adult gastrointestinal stem cells.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Mice; Models, Biological; Organ Culture Techniques; Organogenesis; Organoids; Regeneration; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27521455
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.010 -
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental... Jan 2011We have recently shown that a multi-mineral extract from the marine red algae, Lithothamnion calcareum, suppresses colon polyp formation and inflammation in mice. In the...
We have recently shown that a multi-mineral extract from the marine red algae, Lithothamnion calcareum, suppresses colon polyp formation and inflammation in mice. In the present study, we used intact human colon tissue in organ culture to compare responses initiated by Ca(2+) supplementation versus the multi-mineral extract. Normal human colon tissue was treated for 2 d in culture with various concentrations of calcium or the mineral-rich extract. The tissue was then prepared for histology/immunohistochemistry, and the culture supernatants were assayed for levels of type I procollagen and type I collagen. At higher Ca(2+) concentrations or with the mineral-rich extract, proliferation of epithelial cells at the base and walls of the mucosal crypts was suppressed, as visualized by reduced Ki67 staining. E-cadherin, a marker of differentiation, was more strongly expressed at the upper third of the crypt and at the luminal surface. Treatment with Ca(2+) or with the multi-mineral extract influenced collagen turnover, with decreased procollagen and increased type I collagen. These data suggest that calcium or mineral-rich extract has the capacity to (1) promote differentiation in human colon tissue in organ culture and (2) modulate stromal function as assessed by increased levels of type I collagen. Taken together, these data suggest that human colon tissue in organ culture (supporting in vivo finding in mice) will provide a valuable model for the preclinical assessment of agents that regulate growth and differentiation in the colonic mucosa.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cadherins; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Collagen Type I; Colon; Colonic Polyps; Complex Mixtures; Histological Techniques; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Models, Biological; Organ Culture Techniques; Rhodophyta
PubMed: 21104039
DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9358-3 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells into CRC tumors and liver metastases accurately predicts disease progression and patient survival. Despite the evident influence of immune cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), efforts to identify immunotherapies for CRC patients have been limited. Here, we argue that preclinical model systems that recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment-including tumor, stromal, and immune cells; the extracellular matrix; and the vasculature-are crucial for studies of immunity in the CRC TME and the utility of immunotherapies for CRC patients. We briefly review the discoveries, advantages, and disadvantages of current and model systems, including 2D cell culture models, 3D culture systems, murine models, and organ-on-a-chip technologies.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunotherapy; Organ Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33643296
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614300 -
Birth Defects Research Apr 2017The complexity of spermatogenesis makes development of appropriate in vitro testis models challenging. A novel in vitro mouse testis culture system has been reported but...
BACKGROUND
The complexity of spermatogenesis makes development of appropriate in vitro testis models challenging. A novel in vitro mouse testis culture system has been reported but not yet evaluated as an alternative model for male reproductive toxicity testing. We assessed the effects of media composition on sperm differentiation and testis morphology of cultured mouse testis fragments.
METHODS
Testes from postnatal day 5 B6:CBA-Tg(Acrv1-EGFP)2727Redd/J male mice were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax I (Albumax) medium. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was examined on days 35, 42, 45, and 49 of culture. Histology and flow cytometry were performed for testis morphology and spermatid differentiation.
RESULTS
EGFP signals were first observed in round spermatids on day 22 of culture (corresponding to postnatal day 27) and were observed until the end of culture, indicating testis-specific protein expression. A-kinase anchor protein 4 expression, a marker of elongated spermatid (step 15-16) occurred earlier in explants cultured in KSR than Albumax medium (typically day 35 and after day 42 of culture, respectively). The percentage of seminiferous tubules with elongated spermatid was higher in Albumax than KSR medium from days 45 to 49 of culture.
CONCLUSION
Albumax medium may facilitate or support better morphology and spermatid production than KSR medium. Further studies need to improve spermatid production and refinement of this in vitro testis culture system that may be useful as a supplement to current male reproductive toxicity testing or an alternative model in cases where in vivo testing may be unfeasible. Birth Defects Research 109:465-474, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Genitalia, Male; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Animal; Organ Culture Techniques; Seminiferous Tubules; Serum; Spermatids; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 28398669
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1002