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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021Recent advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and super-resolution microscopy have extended the applications of fluorescent probes in studying various cellular... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and super-resolution microscopy have extended the applications of fluorescent probes in studying various cellular processes at the molecular level. Specifically, organelle-targeted probes have been commonly used to detect cellular metabolites and transient chemical messengers with high precision and have become invaluable tools to study biochemical pathways. Moreover, several recent studies reported various labeling strategies and novel chemical scaffolds to enhance target specificity and responsiveness. In this review, we will survey the most recent reports of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes and assess their general strategies and structural features on the basis of their target organelles. We will discuss the advantages of the currently used probes and the potential challenges in their application as well as future directions.
Topics: Animals; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Optical Imaging; Organelles
PubMed: 33406634
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010217 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Feb 2014A number of bacterial species rely on compartmentalization to gain specific functionalities that will provide them with a selective advantage. Here, we will highlight... (Review)
Review
A number of bacterial species rely on compartmentalization to gain specific functionalities that will provide them with a selective advantage. Here, we will highlight several of these modes of bacterial compartmentalization with an eye toward describing the mechanisms of their formation and their evolutionary origins. Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis, outer membrane biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteria and protein diffusion barriers of Caulobacter crescentus will be used to demonstrate the physical, chemical, and compositional remodeling events that lead to compartmentalization. In addition, magnetosomes and carboxysomes will serve as models to examine the interplay between cytoskeletal systems and the subcellular positioning of organelles.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Membrane; Diffusion; Organelles; Protein Transport
PubMed: 24440431
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.12.007 -
RNA Biology 2014I am honored to have been asked to contribute to this memorial issue, although I cannot claim to have known Carl Woese well. Carl's insights and the discoveries that his... (Review)
Review
I am honored to have been asked to contribute to this memorial issue, although I cannot claim to have known Carl Woese well. Carl's insights and the discoveries that his research group made over the years certainly stimulated my own research program, and at several points early on, interactions with him were pivotal in my career. Here I comment on these personal dealings with Carl and emphasize his influence in two areas of long-standing interest in my lab: organelle evolution and rRNA evolution.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Organelles; Phylogeny; Plants; RNA, Plant; RNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 24572720
DOI: 10.4161/rna.27799 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2017Over the past decades, peroxisomes have emerged as key regulators in overall cellular lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism. In mammals, these organelles have... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, peroxisomes have emerged as key regulators in overall cellular lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism. In mammals, these organelles have also been recognized as important hubs in redox-, lipid-, inflammatory-, and innate immune-signaling networks. To exert these activities, peroxisomes must interact both functionally and physically with other cell organelles. This review provides a comprehensive look of what is currently known about the interconnectivity between peroxisomes and mitochondria within mammalian cells. We first outline how peroxisomal and mitochondrial abundance are controlled by common sets of - and -acting factors. Next, we discuss how peroxisomes and mitochondria may communicate with each other at the molecular level. In addition, we reflect on how these organelles cooperate in various metabolic and signaling pathways. Finally, we address why peroxisomes and mitochondria have to maintain a healthy relationship and why defects in one organelle may cause dysfunction in the other. Gaining a better insight into these issues is pivotal to understanding how these organelles function in their environment, both in health and disease.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Senescence; Fatty Acids; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisomes; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 28538669
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061126 -
The Journal of Cell Biology Jul 2024Bacteria, omnipresent in our environment and coexisting within our body, exert dual beneficial and pathogenic influences. These microorganisms engage in intricate... (Review)
Review
Bacteria, omnipresent in our environment and coexisting within our body, exert dual beneficial and pathogenic influences. These microorganisms engage in intricate interactions with the human body, impacting both human health and disease. Simultaneously, certain organelles within our cells share an evolutionary relationship with bacteria, particularly mitochondria, best known for their energy production role and their dynamic interaction with each other and other organelles. In recent years, communication between bacteria and mitochondria has emerged as a new mechanism for regulating the host's physiology and pathology. In this review, we delve into the dynamic communications between bacteria and host mitochondria, shedding light on their collaborative regulation of host immune response, metabolism, aging, and longevity. Additionally, we discuss bacterial interactions with other organelles, including chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bacteria; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lysosomes; Mitochondria; Organelles
PubMed: 38748249
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310134 -
Journal of Structural Biology Oct 2016Cellular organelles must execute sophisticated biological processes to persist, and often communicate with one another to exchange metabolites and information. Recent... (Review)
Review
Cellular organelles must execute sophisticated biological processes to persist, and often communicate with one another to exchange metabolites and information. Recent studies suggest inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) are hubs for this cellular cross-talk. MCSs also govern membrane remodeling, thus controlling aspects of organelle shape, identity, and function. Here, we summarize three emerging phenomena that MCSs appear to govern: 1) organelle identity via the non-vesicular exchange of lipids, 2) mitochondrial shape and division, and 3) endosomal migration in response to sterol trafficking. We also discuss the role for ER-endolysosomal contact sites in cholesterol metabolism, and the potential biomedical importance this holds. Indeed, the emerging field inter-organellar cross-talk promises substantial advances in the fields of lipid metabolism and cell signaling.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Humans; Intracellular Membranes; Lipid Metabolism; Lysosomes; Mitochondria; Organelles
PubMed: 27181417
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.05.003 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1), also known as TMEM173, is an immune adaptor protein that governs signal crosstalk that is implicated in... (Review)
Review
Stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1), also known as TMEM173, is an immune adaptor protein that governs signal crosstalk that is implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. Although it has been established that STING1 traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi apparatus (Golgi) upon DNA-triggered activation, emerging evidence reveals that STING1 can be transported to different organelles, which dictate its immune-dependent (e.g., the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines) and -independent (e.g., the activation of autophagy and cell death) functions. In this brief review, we outline the roles of STING1 in different organelles (including the ER, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, Golgi, mitochondria, endosomes, lysosomes, and nucleus) and discuss the potential relevance of these roles to diseases and pharmacological interventions.
Topics: Autophagy; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes; Mitochondria
PubMed: 35371032
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842489 -
Annual Review of Pharmacology and... Jan 2023Lysosomes play fundamental roles in material digestion, cellular clearance, recycling, exocytosis, wound repair, Ca signaling, nutrient signaling, and gene expression... (Review)
Review
Lysosomes play fundamental roles in material digestion, cellular clearance, recycling, exocytosis, wound repair, Ca signaling, nutrient signaling, and gene expression regulation. The organelle also serves as a hub for important signaling networks involving the mTOR and AKT kinases. Electrophysiological recording and molecular and structural studies in the past decade have uncovered several unique lysosomal ion channels and transporters, including TPCs, TMEM175, TRPMLs, CLN7, and CLC-7. They underlie the organelle's permeability to major ions, including K, Na, H, Ca, and Cl. The channels are regulated by numerous cellular factors, ranging from H in the lumen and voltage across the lysosomal membrane to ATP in the cytosol to growth factors outside the cell. Genetic variations in the channel/transporter genes are associated with diseases that include lysosomal storage diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies with human genetics and channel activators suggest that lysosomal channels may be attractive targets for the development of therapeutics for the prevention of and intervention in human diseases.
Topics: Humans; Ion Channels; Signal Transduction; Lysosomes; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 36151054
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-013755 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Different eukaryotic cell organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome) are involved in various cancer processes, by dominating specific cellular... (Review)
Review
Different eukaryotic cell organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome) are involved in various cancer processes, by dominating specific cellular activities. Organelles cooperate, such as through contact points, in complex biological activities that help the cell regulate energy metabolism, signal transduction, and membrane dynamics, which influence survival process. Herein, we review the current studies of mechanisms by which mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome are related to the three major malignant gynecological cancers, and their possible therapeutic interventions and drug targets. We also discuss the similarities and differences of independent organelle and organelle-organelle interactions, and their applications to the respective gynecological cancers; mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, lysosomal regulation and autophagy, organelle interactions, and organelle regulatory mechanisms of cell death play crucial roles in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, and response to therapy. Finally, we discuss the value of organelle research, its current problems, and its future directions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Mitochondria; Organelles; Cell Survival; Animals; Lysosomes; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Autophagy; Energy Metabolism; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38711526
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393852 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jun 2020Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is initiated by formation of a reactive... (Review)
Review
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is initiated by formation of a reactive metabolite which depletes hepatic glutathione and forms protein adducts. Studies over the years have established the critical role of c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and its mitochondrial translocation, as well as mitochondrial oxidant stress and subsequent induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in APAP pathophysiology. However, it is now evident that mitochondrial responses to APAP overdose are more nuanced than appreciated earlier, with multiple levels of control, for example, to dose of APAP. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as the organelle's importance in recovery and regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury is also being recognized, which are exciting new areas with significant therapeutic potential. Thus, this review examines the temporal course of hepatocyte mitochondrial responses to an APAP overdose with an emphasis on mechanistic response to various trigger checkpoints such as NAPQI-mitochondrial protein adduct formation and activated JNK translocation. Mitochondrial dynamics, the organelle's role in recovery after APAP and emerging areas of research which promise to provide further insight into modulation of APAP pathophysiology by these fascinating organelles will also be discussed.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Overdose; Humans; Liver; MAP Kinase Kinase 4; Mitochondria, Liver; Permeability; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32209353
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111282