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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are in situ methods that have been applied to pre-concentrate a... (Review)
Review
A Review of In Situ Methods-Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the Collection and Concentration of Marine Biotoxins and Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Waters.
Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are in situ methods that have been applied to pre-concentrate a range of marine toxins, pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds that occur at low levels in marine and environmental waters. Recent research has identified the widespread distribution of biotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters (marine, brackish and freshwater) highlighting the need for the development of effective techniques to generate accurate quantitative water system profiles. In this manuscript, we reviewed in situ methods known as Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the collection and concentration of marine biotoxins, freshwater cyanotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters since the 1980s to present. Twelve different adsorption substrates in SPATT and 18 different sorbents in POCIS were reviewed for their ability to absorb a range of lipophilic and hydrophilic marine biotoxins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, antibiotics and microcystins in marine water, freshwater and wastewater. This review suggests the gaps in reported studies, outlines future research possibilities and guides researchers who wish to work on water contaminates using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) technologies.
Topics: Marine Toxins; Adsorption; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Organic Chemicals; Pesticides; Water; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36431996
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227898 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Apr 2018Unmet potential: Electrochemistry is the most simple and basic way of altering the redox-states of organic molecules. Despite extensive studies and its demonstrated... (Review)
Review
Unmet potential: Electrochemistry is the most simple and basic way of altering the redox-states of organic molecules. Despite extensive studies and its demonstrated promise, it has yet to take off in mainstream synthesis. The reason is due to engineering challenges in instrument design.
Topics: Electrochemical Techniques; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 28834012
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707584 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... Feb 2019
Topics: Biocatalysis; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Food Technology; Humans; Organic Chemicals; Protein Engineering
PubMed: 30739100
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0016 -
Advances in Biochemical... 2014Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment,... (Review)
Review
Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. Some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. Detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. Although these detections have traditionally been performed using analytical chemical approaches that offer highly sensitive and specific identification of target compounds, these methods require specialized equipment and trained operators, and fail to describe potential bioavailable effects on living organisms. Alternatively, the integration of bioluminescent systems into whole-cell bioreporters presents a new capacity for organic compound detection. These bioreporters are constructed by incorporating reporter genes into catabolic or signaling pathways that are present within living cells and emit a bioluminescent signal that can be detected upon exposure to target chemicals. Although relatively less specific compared to analytical methods, bioluminescent bioassays are more cost-effective, more rapid, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be designed to report not only the presence but also the bioavailability of target substances. This chapter reviews available bacterial and eukaryotic whole-cell bioreporters for sensing organic pollutants and their applications in a variety of sample matrices.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Eukaryotic Cells; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Organic Chemicals; Risk; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 25084996
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_4 -
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 2016Bio-organometallics is a research strategy of biology that uses organic-inorganic hybrid molecules. The molecules are expected to exhibit useful bioactivities based on... (Review)
Review
Bio-organometallics is a research strategy of biology that uses organic-inorganic hybrid molecules. The molecules are expected to exhibit useful bioactivities based on the unique structure formed by interaction between the organic structure and intramolecular metal(s). However, studies on both biology and toxicology of organic-inorganic hybrid molecules have been incompletely performed. There can be two types of toxicological studies of bio-organometallics; one is evaluation of organic-inorganic hybrid molecules and the other is analysis of biological systems from the viewpoint of toxicology using organic-inorganic hybrid molecules. Our recent studies indicate that cytotoxicity of hybrid molecules containing a metal that is nontoxic in inorganic forms can be more toxic than that of hybrid molecules containing a metal that is toxic in inorganic forms when the structure of the ligand is the same. Additionally, it was revealed that organic-inorganic hybrid molecules are useful for analysis of biological systems important for understanding the toxicity of chemical compounds including heavy metals.
Topics: Biology; Endothelial Cells; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Humans; Inorganic Chemicals; Metallothionein; Organic Chemicals; Organometallic Compounds; Poisoning; Toxicology
PubMed: 28320985
DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.SP81 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2020Several different definitions were in the past proposed to describe the term chemical speciation, and some of them were accepted from the scientific community [...].
Special Issue "Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic Components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids: Behaviour, Interaction and Sequestration".
Several different definitions were in the past proposed to describe the term chemical speciation, and some of them were accepted from the scientific community [...].
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Organic Chemicals; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 32070045
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040826 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2015In the rapidly developing areas of nanotechnology, nano-scale materials as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of organic molecules have gotten more and more... (Review)
Review
In the rapidly developing areas of nanotechnology, nano-scale materials as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of organic molecules have gotten more and more attention. In this review, we will summarize the synthesis of several new types of noble metal nanostructures (FePt@Cu nanowires, Pt@Fe₂O₃ nanowires and bimetallic Pt@Ir nanocomplexes; Pt-Au heterostructures, Au-Pt bimetallic nanocomplexes and Pt/Pd bimetallic nanodendrites; Au nanowires, CuO@Ag nanowires and a series of Pd nanocatalysts) and their new catalytic applications in our group, to establish heterogeneous catalytic system in "green" environments. Further study shows that these materials have a higher catalytic activity and selectivity than previously reported nanocrystal catalysts in organic reactions, or show a superior electro-catalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol. The whole process might have a great impact to resolve the energy crisis and the environmental crisis that were caused by traditional chemical engineering. Furthermore, we hope that this article will provide a reference point for the noble metal nanomaterials' development that leads to new opportunities in nanocatalysis.
Topics: Catalysis; Copper; Electrochemistry; Green Chemistry Technology; Nanowires; Organic Chemicals; Platinum; Silver; Surface Properties
PubMed: 26393550
DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917070 -
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics :... Jan 2008This Perspective reviews recent developments in experimental techniques and conceptual methods applied to the electrochemical properties of metal-oxide semiconductor... (Review)
Review
This Perspective reviews recent developments in experimental techniques and conceptual methods applied to the electrochemical properties of metal-oxide semiconductor nanostructures and organic conductors, such as those used in dye-sensitized solar cells, high-energy batteries, sensors, and electrochromic devices. The aim is to provide a broad view of the interpretation of electrochemical and optoelectrical measurements for semiconductor nanostructures (sintered colloidal particles, nanorods, arrays of quantum dots, etc.) deposited or grown on a conducting substrate. The Fermi level displacement by potentiostatic control causes a broad change of physical properties such as the hopping conductivity, that can be investigated over a very large variation of electron density. In contrast to traditional electrochemistry, we emphasize that in nanostructured devices we must deal with systems that depart heavily from the ideal, Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, due to broad distributions of states (energy disorder) and interactions of charge carriers, therefore the electrochemical analysis must be aided by thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. We discuss in detail the most characteristic densities of states, the chemical capacitance, and the transport properties, specially the chemical diffusion coefficient, mobility, and generalized Einstein relation.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Coloring Agents; Electric Conductivity; Electric Power Supplies; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrons; Nanostructures; Organic Chemicals; Particle Size; Semiconductors
PubMed: 18075682
DOI: 10.1039/b709316k -
Cell Chemical Biology Sep 2017The scientific advances being made across all disciplines are creating ever-increasing opportunities to enhance our knowledge of biological systems and how they relate... (Review)
Review
The scientific advances being made across all disciplines are creating ever-increasing opportunities to enhance our knowledge of biological systems and how they relate to human disease. One of the central driving forces in discovering new medicines is medicinal chemistry, where the design and synthesis of novel compounds has led to multiple drugs. Chemical biology, sitting at the interface of many disciplines, has now emerged as a major contributor to the understanding of biological systems and is becoming an integral part of drug discovery. Bringing chemistry and biology much closer and blurring the boundaries between disciplines is creating new opportunities to probe and understand biology; both disciplines play key roles and need to join forces and work together effectively to synergize their impact. The power of chemical biology will then reach its full potential and drive innovation, leading to the discovery of transformative medicines to treat patients. Advances in cancer biology and drug discovery highlight this potential.
Topics: Binding Sites; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; Drug Design; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 28602761
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.05.019 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Dec 2009From a scientific perspective, efforts to understand biology including what constitutes health and disease has become a chemical problem. However, chemists and... (Review)
Review
From a scientific perspective, efforts to understand biology including what constitutes health and disease has become a chemical problem. However, chemists and biologists "see" the problems of understanding biology from different perspectives, and this has retarded progress in solving the problems especially as they relate to health and disease. This suggests that close collaboration between chemists and biologists is not only necessary but essential for progress in both the biology and chemistry that will provide solutions to the global questions of biology. This perspective has directed my scientific efforts for the past 45 years, and in this overview I provide my perspective of how the applications of synthetic chemistry, structural design, and numerous other chemical principles have intersected in my collaborations with biologists to provide new tools, new science, and new insights that were only made possible and fruitful by these collaborations.
Topics: Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Design; International Cooperation; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 20000552
DOI: 10.1021/jo901767e