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Dental Materials Journal 2015The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the type of bracket, on bond strength, microhardness and conversion degree (CD) of four resin orthodontic cements....
The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the type of bracket, on bond strength, microhardness and conversion degree (CD) of four resin orthodontic cements. Micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test between the bracket base and the cement was carried out on glass-hour-shaped specimens (n=20). Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) and micro-Raman spectra were recorded in situ under the bracket base. Weibull distribution, ANOVA and non-parametric test were applied for data analysis (p<0.05). The highest values of ή as well as the β Weibull parameter were obtained for metallic brackets with Transbond™ plastic brackets with the self-curing cement showing the worst performance. The CD was from 80% to 62.5%.
Topics: Dental Cements; Equipment Failure; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Orthodontic Brackets; Resins, Synthetic; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 26235709
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-315 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics Sep 2019The objective of this study was to formulate experimental orthodontic bracket adhesives and test their mechanical properties, fluoride release and antibacterial activity.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to formulate experimental orthodontic bracket adhesives and test their mechanical properties, fluoride release and antibacterial activity.
METHODS
Four experimental antibacterial orthodontic bracket adhesives were prepared with different compositions of synthesized antibacterial monomers replacing total 5% of dental monomers in the control Transbond XT (3M): 5%C11, 3.5%C11+1.5%C2, 5%C16, and 3.5%C16+1.5%C2. Transbond XT alone was used as control. These groups were used to bond premolar brackets to extracted premolars. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using an Instron machine. For antibacterial test, disk specimens (10mm diameter, 1mm thick, n=4) were fabricated and incubated with cultures of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans for 48h, and following gentle sonication, S. mutans biofilms in colony-forming-units (CFU) on the disks were enumerated by plating on agar medium. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05).
RESULTS
All experimental groups had similar shear bond strength (no significant difference) to the control. All experimental groups showed significant inhibitory effect against S. mutans biofilm formation, when compared to the control, but there was no significant difference between experimental groups.
CONCLUSION
Antibacterial orthodontic adhesive can be fabricated to have similar mechanical properties but better caries-inhibitory effect than current adhesive.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 31508710
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.073-079.oar -
European Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage associated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
This review and its reporting were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched up to March 16, 2023, to identify relevant studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, grey literature resources were searched. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were performed using STATA software. GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies with 2116 participants were ultimately included in this review, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the blank group, chewing gum had a significant pain relieving effect at all times after fixation of the initial archwire (P ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was found between the chewing gum group and the analgesics group at any timepoints (P > 0.05). Only four studies evaluated the rate of bracket breakage and revealed that chewing gum did not increase the rate of bracket breakage. The sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the pooled outcomes after the included studies were removed one at times, and Egger analysis revealed no significant publication bias in included studies (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Chewing gum is a non-invasive, low-cost and convenient method that has a significant effect on relieving orthodontic pain and has no effect on the rate of bracket breakage. Therefore, chewing gum can be recommended as a suitable substitute for analgesics to reduce orthodontic pain.
Topics: Humans; Chewing Gum; Pain; Analgesics; Orthodontic Brackets; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 37936237
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01467-y -
Progress in Orthodontics Jul 2019To introduce an orthodontic bracket debonding device capable of measuring debonding force clinically by a novel sensor mechanism MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prototype...
Validation and reliability of a prototype orthodontic bracket debonding device equipped with force-sensitive resistor (FSR): a novel method of measuring orthodontic bracket debonding force in vivo.
BACKGROUND
To introduce an orthodontic bracket debonding device capable of measuring debonding force clinically by a novel sensor mechanism MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prototype orthodontic debonding device was constructed utilizing a lift-off debonding instrument (LODI) and force-sensitive resistor (FSR). For data interpretation, the force sensor was equipped with a microcontroller and C++ programming software running on a computer. Ninety-nine (99) 0.022-in. conventional metallic brackets were bonded to premolar teeth in vitro by a single clinician applying the same adhesive and bonding technique. For validation, the mean debonding force measured by the prototype debonding device (n = 30) and the universal testing machine (n = 30) was compared. Both intra- and inter-examiner reliability tests were done by holding and operating the device in a standardized manner. Following debonding by the prototype device, the bracket failure pattern was evaluated (n = 30) by adhesive remnant index (ARI) under the stereomicroscope at × 30 magnification. Statistical analysis included independent samples t test for validation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval for both intra- and inter-examiner reliability.
RESULTS
Mean orthodontic bracket debonding force measured by the prototype device (9.36 ± 1.65 N) and the universal testing machine (10.43 ± 2.71 N) was not significantly different (p < 0.05). The prototype device exhibited excellent intra- [ICC (3, 1) = 0.942] and inter-examiner reliability [ICC (2, 1) = 0.921] and was able to debond brackets mostly at the bracket-adhesive interface.
LIMITATION
Due to adjusting the position and mechanism of the force sensor, the device had to be held in a modified standardized position.
CONCLUSION
A novel method of measuring in vivo orthodontic bracket debonding force has been introduced which proved to be validated, reliable, and safe in terms of enamel damage.
Topics: Bicuspid; Dental Debonding; Orthodontic Brackets; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31281954
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-019-0277-x -
BMC Oral Health May 2019To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II)...
OBJECTIVE
To examine: (I) the current evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the development of halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and (II) the influence of different orthodontic bracket systems on halitosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched prior to March 15, 2018. The review was systematically conducted and reported according to the Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA statement. Only Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) were considered. Selected full-text papers were independently assessed by four investigators and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The Cochrane Handbook was used to grade the risk of bias and the quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE.
RESULTS
Out of 363 identified studies, three RCTs on halitosis and fixed orthodontic appliances met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the three studies was rated as high and the quality of evidence was rated as very low.
CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
There is a lack of scientific evidence that subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances develop halitosis during treatment. Additional well-conducted RCTs with extended periods of assessment are needed as well as consensus concerning cut-off values for the diagnosis of halitosis.
Topics: Halitosis; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Orthodontic Brackets; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31046726
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0761-1 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2018To assess, by means of a systematic review, the scientific evidence of the influence of 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch bracket slots on treatment time, efficiency of space... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess, by means of a systematic review, the scientific evidence of the influence of 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch bracket slots on treatment time, efficiency of space closure, efficiency of alignment, quality of orthodontic finishing, level of discomfort, and level of root resorption.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The PubMed, Bireme, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Open Grey, and Google Scholar databases were searched, with no date and language restrictions, for randomized clinical trials and controlled clinical trials, using controlled terms related to bracket slots. After the selection and removal of duplicate articles, the risk of bias was assessed, and the data from the included studies were extracted by two independent researchers.
RESULTS
The search yielded 2640 studies. After applying the eligibility criteria, eight articles were fully read and four studies were selected for the qualitative systematic review. No randomized clinical trials assessed the duration of treatment in patients treated with 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slots. Due to heterogeneity of the data available, a meta-analysis could not be conducted.
CONCLUSIONS
While most studies indicated a shorter duration of treatment in patients with 0.018-inch bracket slots, no available data confirmed the higher efficiency of one system over the other. The biases in the studies did not allow for a reliable conclusion; therefore, new studies with a better methodologic design are needed.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Time Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 28949767
DOI: 10.2319/031217-185.1 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023This study aimed to assess and correlate initial surface roughness and frictional resistance of rectangular CuNiTi wires inserted in different self-ligating brackets....
This study aimed to assess and correlate initial surface roughness and frictional resistance of rectangular CuNiTi wires inserted in different self-ligating brackets. The sample consisted of 40 bracket-wire sets (rectangular CuNiTi wires of 0.017" x 0.025" and passive self-ligating brackets) divided into four groups (n=10): metallic self-ligating bracket and metallic CuNiTi wire (G1); metallic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G2); esthetic self-ligating bracket and metallic wire (G3); esthetic self-ligating bracket and rhodium-coated CuNiTi wire (G4). The initial surface roughness of the wires was examined with a Surfcorder roughness meter, model SE1700. Later, frictional resistance was assessed in an Instron 4411 universal testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min, in an aqueous medium at 35°C. Microscopic analyses of surface morphology were performed with scanning electron microscopy, using an LEO 1430, with magnifications of 1000X. Generalized linear models were applied, considering the 2 x 2 factorial (bracket type x wire type), at a 5% significance level. Regardless of bracket type, the groups with esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness than the groups with metallic wires (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the different bracket-wire sets for frictional resistance and no significant correlation between frictional resistance and initial surface roughness in the environment studied. It is concluded that esthetic wires presented higher initial surface roughness but did not interfere with the frictional resistance between brackets and wires.
Topics: Rhodium; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Stainless Steel; Surface Properties; Dental Alloys; Titanium
PubMed: 37194851
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202304912 -
The Angle Orthodontist May 2010To evaluate the clinical differences in relation to the use of self-ligating brackets in orthodontics. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical differences in relation to the use of self-ligating brackets in orthodontics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic databases were searched; no restrictions relating to publication status or language of publication were applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) investigating the influence of bracket type on alignment efficiency, subjective pain experience, bond failure rate, arch dimensional changes, rate of orthodontic space closure, periodontal outcomes, and root resorption were selected. Both authors were involved in study selection, validity assessment, and data extraction. Disagreements were resolved by discussion.
RESULTS
Six RCTs and 11 CCTs were identified. Meta-analysis of the influence of bracket type on subjective pain experience failed to demonstrate a significant advantage for either type of appliance. Statistical analysis of other outcomes was unfeasible because of inadequate methodological design and heterogenous designs.
CONCLUSIONS
At this stage there is insufficient high-quality evidence to support the use of self-ligating fixed orthodontic appliances over conventional appliance systems or vice versa.
Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20050755
DOI: 10.2319/081009-454.1 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2021Bond strength of orthodontic composite is strongly influenced by molecular and structural mechanisms. Aim of this in vitro study was to compare bond strength of...
BACKGROUND
Bond strength of orthodontic composite is strongly influenced by molecular and structural mechanisms. Aim of this in vitro study was to compare bond strength of light-cure orthodontic composites by measuring debonding forces and evaluating locations of bond failure. Investigations on chemical compositions clarified adhesive behaviors and abilities, exploring effects of ageing processes in this junction materials.
METHODS
Twelve enamel discs, from human premolars, were randomly coupled to one orthodontic adhesive system (Transbond XT™ 3 M UNITEK, USA, Light-Cure Orthodontic Paste, LEONE, Italy and Bisco Ortho Bracket Paste LC, BISCO, Illinois) and underwent to Shear Bond Strength test. Metallic brackets were bonded to twenty-seven human premolar, with one of the adhesive systems, to quantify, at FE-SEM magnifications, after debonding, the residual material on enamel and bracket base surfaces. Raman Spectroscopy analysis was performed on eight discs of each composites to investigate on chemical compositions, before and after accelerated aging procedures in human saliva and sugary drink.
RESULTS
Orthodontic adhesive systems showed similar strength of adhesion to enamel. The breakage of adhesive-adherent bond occurs in TXT at enamel-adhesive interface while in Bisco and Leone at adhesive-bracket interface. Accelerated in vitro aging demonstrated good physical-chemical stability for all composites, Bisco only, was weakly contaminated with respect to the other materials.
CONCLUSION
A similar, clinically adequate and acceptable bond strength to enamel for debonding maneuvers was recorded in all orthodontic adhesive systems under examination. No significant chemical alterations are recorded, even in highly critical situations, not altering the initial mechanical properties of materials.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Humans; Italy; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties
PubMed: 34271907
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01715-9 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology May 2022The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI on the adhesion between the orthodontic brackets and the teeth by evaluating the...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI on the adhesion between the orthodontic brackets and the teeth by evaluating the microleakage between the enamel, adhesive and brackets interfaces.
METHODS
58 extracted human premolars which were received a standard bracket bonding procedure were randomly divided into three groups; control group ( = 20; no MRI), 1.5 T MRI group ( = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 1.5 T) and 3 T MRI group ( = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 3 T). The teeth were kept in distiled water for 2 weeks, and thereafter subjected to 500 thermal cycles. Then, specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, sectioned and photographed under a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was scored with regard to the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces at the occlusal and gingival levels. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-Dunn tests.
RESULTS
All of the groups exhibited statistically similar microleakage scores in the adhesive-enamel interface along occlusal margins (>0.05, = 0.331). The mean microleakage scores along gingival margins in the 3 T MRI group was significantly higher compared to the control group both in the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces (<0.05, = 0.019 and = 0.020 respectively). The microleakage scores along the gingival margins were also significantly higher than the occlusal margins in the 3 T MRI group (<0.05, = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS
3 T MRI may weaken the adhesion between the enamel and the stainless steel orthodontic brackets.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Leakage; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements
PubMed: 35113678
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210512