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Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2014To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies.
SEARCH STRATEGY
four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid ALL EMB Reviews, PubMed and BIREME) were selected to search for relevant articles covering the period from January 1965 to December 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
in first consensus by reading the title and abstract. The full text was obtained from publications that met the inclusion criteria.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently extracted data using the following keywords: conventional, self-ligating, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, and systematic review; and independently evaluated the quality of the studies. In case of divergence, the technique of consensus was adopted.
RESULTS
The search strategy resulted in 1,401 articles. The classification of scientific relevance revealed the high quality of the 6 eligible articles of which outcomes were not unanimous in reporting not only the influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over adhesion and formation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans, but also that other factors such as the quality of the bracket type, the level of individual oral hygiene, bonding and age may have greater influence. Statistical analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneous methodological design.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 24713561
DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.060-068.oar -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Accurate bracket placement is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. An indirect bracket bonding system (IDBS) has been developed to ensure proper bracket...
Accurate bracket placement is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. An indirect bracket bonding system (IDBS) has been developed to ensure proper bracket positioning with three-dimensional computer-aided transfer jigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of bracket positioning by a one-body transfer jig according to the tooth type and presence/absence of a resin base. In total, 506 teeth from 20 orthodontic patients were included in this study. After initial dental models were scanned, virtual setup and bracket positioning procedures were performed with 3D software. Transfer jigs and RP models were fabricated with a 3D printer, and brackets were bonded to the RP model with or without resin base fabrication. The best-fit method of 3D digital superimposition was used to evaluate the lineal and angular accuracy of the actual bracket position compared to a virtual bracket position. Although all the measurements showed significant differences in position, they were clinically acceptable. Regarding the tooth types, premolars and molars showed higher accuracy than anterior teeth. The presence or absence of a resin base did not consistently affect the accuracy. In conclusion, the proper application of IDBS should be performed considering the errors, and resin base fabrication might not be essential in ensuring high-accuracy IDBS.
Topics: Humans; Models, Dental; Orthodontic Brackets; Tooth
PubMed: 34502801
DOI: 10.3390/s21175911 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of friction on design of the type of bracket, patients' perception of pain and the impact on their oral... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of friction on design of the type of bracket, patients' perception of pain and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life. A randomized clinical trial was carried out with 90 patients (62.2% women and 37.8% men) with three kinds of fixed multi-bracket appliances: Conventional (GC), fixed multi-bracket low friction (GS) and self-ligating (GA). The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was used to determine pain during the first seven days of treatment at different points in time. The patients were also given the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire to analyse their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after the first 30 days of treatment. The ANOVA test was used for the analysis of the variables and the post hoc Bonferroni test for the comparison between groups. Maximum pain was observed between one and two days after the start of treatment. The GC group showed the greatest degree of pain, with maximum values (4.5 ± 2.0) at 24 h. The self-ligation brackets show lower impact on patients' oral health-related quality of life (0.8 ± 2.2, < 0.01). Friction in the type of bracket influences pain and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of patients who use multi-bracket fixed orthodontics.
Topics: Friction; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33671217
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020171 -
The Angle Orthodontist Feb 1999Twenty-six archwires and 24 brackets were selected from among the hundreds of products available that nominally have from 18 to 22 mil bracket slots and 14, 16, 17, 18,...
Twenty-six archwires and 24 brackets were selected from among the hundreds of products available that nominally have from 18 to 22 mil bracket slots and 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and/or 21 mil archwire sizes. After the archwires and brackets were dimensioned, a minimization-maximization algorithm was applied to the measurements in order to establish the likely boundaries of the critical contact angle for binding (thetac) as defined by the presence and absence of second-order clearance. From among the myriad archwire-bracket permutations possible, 64 combinations were identified--20 using the bracket slot as the controlling dimension and 44 using the bracket width. Using a previously derived mathematical expression that relates the dimensions of each archwire-bracket couple to its calculated thetac, the corresponding sets of indices were plotted. The results show that the maximum value of the calculated thetac can never exceed about 5 degrees , or else sliding mechanics will always be hampered. Other outcomes were validated experimentally using 5 of the 64 archwire-bracket couples by measuring the resistance to sliding (RS) at 15 different contact angles (theta) ranging from theta=0 degrees to theta=12 degrees and by subsequently determining a measured thetac. These values agreed with the calculated thetac values. When the practitioner knows the thetac, treatment time might be reduced because the teeth do not need to be over-aligned prior to employing sliding mechanics (i.e., by not making theta<
thetac) These results underscore the importance of exact wire and bracket dimensions on packaging; otherwise, sliding mechanics can be compromised by miscalculating thetac. Topics: Algorithms; Friction; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 10022188
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1999)069<0071:AOSOCB>2.3.CO;2 -
Microbial colonisation associated with conventional and self-ligating brackets: a systematic review.Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2022Decalcification and gingivitis caused by plaque accumulation around brackets are common iatrogenic effects of fixed appliances. The influence of conventional versus...
BACKGROUND
Decalcification and gingivitis caused by plaque accumulation around brackets are common iatrogenic effects of fixed appliances. The influence of conventional versus self-ligating bracket design on microbial colonisation is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the levels of microbial colonisation associated with conventional and self-ligating brackets.
SEARCH SOURCES
Three databases were searched for publications from 2009 to 2021.
DATA SELECTION
Randomised controlled trials comparing levels of microbial colonisation before and during treatment with conventional and self-ligating brackets were assessed independently and in duplicate.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted independently by two authors from the studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias assessments were made using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist.
RESULTS
A total of 11 randomised controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Six of the studies were found to be at low risk of bias and five presented with some concerns. The studies were considered moderate to high quality. Five trials reported no statistically significant difference in microbial colonisation between bracket types. The remaining studies showed mixed results, with some reporting increased colonisation of conventional brackets and others increased colonisation of self-ligating brackets. The heterogeneity of study methods and outcomes precluded meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
Of the 11 studies included in this systematic review, five found no differences in colonisation between conventional and self-ligating brackets. The remaining studies showed mixed results. The evidence is inconclusive regarding the association between bracket design and levels of microbial colonisation.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires
PubMed: 34839734
DOI: 10.1177/14653125211056023 -
The Angle Orthodontist Feb 2002
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets
PubMed: 11843268
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0001:BARODB>2.0.CO;2 -
Journal of Orthodontics Dec 2018The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess enamel gloss changes induced by orthodontic bracket bonding with a light-cured composite or a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement.
SETTING
The Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
DESIGN
Laboratory study.
METHODS
A total of twenty extracted upper human first premolars were included in this study and each tooth served as a control for itself. Their buccal surfaces were subjected to 60-angle gloss measurement (G%60) with a standardized and secure repeated analysis of the same site. After baseline evaluation, a bracket was bonded on the buccal surface of each tooth. Half of the specimens were bonded with acid-etching and a light-cured composite whereas the other half with a light-cured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement without prior enamel conditioning. Gloss measurements were repeated after bracket debonding and removal of the composite/glass ionomer cement with an 18-fluted carbide bur. Gloss differences between the two measurement conditions (baseline and post-debonding) were analyzed through linear regression with standard errors derived using the bootstrap method. Level of significance was set at a < 0.05.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was detected between the tested groups for the outcome of interest. Teeth bonded with light-cured composite exhibited larger enamel gloss changes as compared to resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (β = 0.74; 95% CIs: 0.10, 1.38; p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Bracket bonding with two common bonding protocols (acid-etching with a light-cured composite vs. no etching with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement) and subsequently debonding and adhesive removal with an 18-fluted carbide bur induced enamel gloss changes.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 30392447
DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1542266 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2006To compare the shear bond strength and determine the area of residual adhesive on teeth after the debonding of brackets bonded with two types of orthodontic adhesives.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To compare the shear bond strength and determine the area of residual adhesive on teeth after the debonding of brackets bonded with two types of orthodontic adhesives. These were a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji ORTHO LC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and a resin applied as a precoated bracket (APC bracket, 3M Unitek GmbH, Seefeld, Germany).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 60 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and brackets were bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions. In group 1, the teeth were conditioned using 10% polyacrylic acid, and the brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC in wet condition. In group 2, the teeth were etched using 37% phosphoric acid, and the APC brackets were bonded. Bond strength was measured using a testing instrument (2000S, Lloyds Instruments, Fareham, England) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the residual adhesive was quantified using a three-dimensional laser scanning instrument.
RESULTS
The Mann-Whitney test showed that the median bond strength of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 (P < .001). A Pearson chi-square test of the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) revealed a significant difference among the groups tested. All the adhesives in group 1 failed at the enamel/adhesive interface (100%), whereas group 2 exhibited cohesive failure of the adhesive (90%).
CONCLUSIONS
The bond strength values obtained with the RMGIC were above the minimum values suggested in the literature to achieve a clinically effective adhesion in orthodontics.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Acrylic Resins; Adhesiveness; Aluminum Silicates; Dental Alloys; Dental Bonding; Dental Debonding; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Lasers; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Phosphoric Acids; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Surface Properties
PubMed: 16808579
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0694:SBSARA]2.0.CO;2 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020The loss of third-order information in pre-adjusted brackets due to torsional play is a problem in clinical orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND
The loss of third-order information in pre-adjusted brackets due to torsional play is a problem in clinical orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of slot height, archwire height, width and edge bevel's radius on the torsional play for three brackets/archwire systems.
METHODS
Ninety brackets with a 0.022 × 0.028 in. slot with McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi prescription from three different manufacturers were selected, and the slot's height and depth were measured using a profile projector. Sixty stainless-steel rectangular archwires from three different manufacturers were sectioned and observed with a SEM to measure their height, width, and radius of edge bevel. The recorded data were used to calculate the theoretical torsional play between different slot-archwire combinations. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurements within different bracket types and among different manufacturers.
RESULTS
Slot height was usually oversized. Archwire's height was usually undersized, but oversized wires were also observed. The radius edge bevel was the most variable parameter. A certain degree of torsional play is always present that differs from one bracket type to another of the same producer and that can even be doubled from one manufacturer to another.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to production tolerance, differences between the nominal values and the real dimensions of any components of a slot/archwire system are common. This results in a torsional play that limits torque expression. The archwire's edge bevel plays an important role in torque expression, and clearer information should be provided by the manufacturers regarding this aspect.
Topics: Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel; Torque
PubMed: 32924097
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00333-5 -
The Angle Orthodontist Mar 2020To measure post-gel shrinkage, elastic modulus, and flexural strength of orthodontic adhesives and to predict shrinkage stress using finite element analysis (FEA).
OBJECTIVES
To measure post-gel shrinkage, elastic modulus, and flexural strength of orthodontic adhesives and to predict shrinkage stress using finite element analysis (FEA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following 6 orthodontic adhesives were tested: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Transbond Plus Color Change (3M Unitek), Greengloo (Ormco, Brea, Calif), Ortho Connect (GC America, Alsip, Ill), Trulock (RMO, Denver, Colo), GoTo (Reliance, Itasca, Ill). Post-gel shrinkage was measured using a biaxial strain gauge during light curing. Elastic modulus and flexural strength were measured with a 4-point bending test. Analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests were used to compare the shrinkage, elastic modulus, and flexural strengths among the materials (α = .05). Shrinkage stresses caused by the post-gel shrinkage and elastic modulus values were calculated using a cross-sectional FEA of a metallic bracket bonded to an incisor.
RESULTS
Properties were highly different among the adhesives ( ≤ .0001). Transbond XT (0.38 ± 0.09 percent volumetric contraction) and GoTo (0.42 ± 0.05 percent volumetric contraction) had the lowest post-gel shrinkage; Transbond Plus Color Change had the highest (0.84 ± 0.08 percent volumetric contraction). OrthoConnect (6.8 ± 0.6 gigapascals) had the lowest elastic modulus; GoTo (28.3 ± 3.1 gigapascals) had the highest. Trulock (64.1 ± 8.2 megapascals) had the lowest flexural strength; Greengloo (139.1 ± 20.7 megapascals) had the highest. FEA showed that the highest shrinkage stresses were generated with Transbond Plus Color Change and the lowest with OrthoConnect.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-gel shrinkage of orthodontic adhesives was comparable with restorative composites, which are known to create shrinkage stresses in restored teeth. FEA indicated that this shrinkage creates stresses in the adhesive and in the enamel around the brackets.
Topics: Adhesives; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; Elastic Modulus; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Shear Strength
PubMed: 31545075
DOI: 10.2319/032719-233.1