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Theranostics 2020Healing of the chronic diabetic ulceration and large burns remains a clinical challenge. Therapeutic fasting has been shown to improve health. Our study tested whether...
Healing of the chronic diabetic ulceration and large burns remains a clinical challenge. Therapeutic fasting has been shown to improve health. Our study tested whether fasting facilitates diabetic and burn wound healing and explored the underlying mechanism. The effects of fasting on diabetic and burn wound healing were evaluated by analyzing the rates of wound closure, re-epithelialization, scar formation, collagen deposition, skin cell proliferation and neovascularization using histological analyses and immunostaining. functional assays were conducted to assess fasting and refeeding on the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes in endothelial cells after fasting treatment and the role of the candidate genes in the fasting-induced promotion of angiogenesis was demonstrated. Two times of 24-h fasting in a week after but especially before wound injury efficiently induced faster wound closure, better epidermal and dermal regeneration, less scar formation and higher level of angiogenesis in mice with diabetic or burn wounds. , fasting alone by serum deprivation did not increase, but rather reduced the abilities of endothelial cell to proliferate, migrate and form vessel-like tubes. However, subsequent refeeding did not merely rescue, but further augmented the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that fasting itself, but not the following refeeding, induced a prominent upregulation of a variety of pro-angiogenic genes, including SMOC1 (SPARC related modular calcium binding 1) and SCG2 (secretogranin II). Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the increase of SMOC1 and SCG2 expression in both diabetic and burn wounds after fasting treatment. When the expression of SMOC1 or SCG2 was down-regulated, the fasting/refeeding-induced pro-angiogenic effects were markedly attenuated. This study suggests that fasting combined with refeeding, but not fasting solely, enhance endothelial angiogenesis through the activation of SMOC1 and SCG2, thus facilitating neovascularization and rapid wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Burns; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cicatrix; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Endothelial Cells; Fasting; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteonectin; Re-Epithelialization; Secretogranin II; Skin
PubMed: 32206122
DOI: 10.7150/thno.44115 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Currently, researchers are focused on the study of cytokines as predictive biomarkers of peri-implantitis (PI) in order to obtain an early diagnosis and prognosis, and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Currently, researchers are focused on the study of cytokines as predictive biomarkers of peri-implantitis (PI) in order to obtain an early diagnosis and prognosis, and for treatment of the disease. The aim of the study was to characterize the peri-implant soft and hard tissues in patients with a peri-implantitis diagnosis. A descriptive observational study was conducted. Fifteen soft tissue (ST) samples and six peri-implant bone tissue (BT) samples were obtained from 13 patients who were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. All the samples were processed and embedded in paraffin for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. A descriptive and quantitative analysis of mast cells and osteocytes, A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), osteonectin (ON), and ∝-smooth muscle actin (∝-SMA) was performed. We observed the presence of mast cells in peri-implant soft tissue in all samples (mean 9.21 number of mast cells) and osteocytes in peri-implant hard tissue in all samples (mean 37.17 number of osteocytes). The expression of APRIL-ST was 32.17% ± 6.39%, and that of APRIL-BT was 7.09% ± 5.94%. The BAFF-ST expression was 17.26 ± 12.90%, and the BAFF-BT was 12.16% ± 6.30%. The mean percentage of ON was 7.93% ± 3.79%, and ∝-SMA was 1.78% ± 3.79%. It was concluded that the expression of APRIL and BAFF suggests their involvement in the bone resorption observed in peri-implantitis. The lower expression of osteonectin in the peri-implant bone tissue can also be associated with a deficiency in the regulation of bone remodeling and the consequent peri-implant bone loss.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Cytokines; Humans; Osteonectin; Peri-Implantitis
PubMed: 35886240
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148388 -
Matrix Biology : Journal of the... Jul 2014The Drosophila model represents an attractive system in which to study the functional contribution of specific genes to organ development. Within the embryo, the heart... (Review)
Review
The Drosophila model represents an attractive system in which to study the functional contribution of specific genes to organ development. Within the embryo, the heart tube serves as an informative developmental paradigm to analyze functional aspects of matricellular proteins. Here, we describe two essential extracellular matricellular proteins, Multiplexin (Mp) and Lonely heart (Loh). Each of these proteins contributes to the development and morphogenesis of the heart tube by regulating the activity/localization of essential extracellular proteins. Mp, which is secreted by heart cardioblasts and is specifically distributed in the lumen of the heart tube, binds to the signaling protein Slit, and facilitates its local signaling at the heart's luminal domain. Loh is an ADAMTS-like protein, which serves as an adapter protein to Pericardin (a collagen-like protein), promoting its specific localization at the abluminal domain of the heart tube. We also introduce the Drosophila orthologues of matricellular proteins present in mammals, including Thrombospondin, and SPARC, and discuss a possible role for Teneurins (Ten-A and Ten-M) in the heart. Understanding the role of these proteins provides a novel developmental perspective into the functional contribution of matricellular proteins to organ development.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; Animals; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; Collagen; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Heart; Models, Biological; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Osteonectin; Signal Transduction; Tenascin; Thrombospondins
PubMed: 24726952
DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.006 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2022Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein involved in several biological processes including... (Review)
Review
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein involved in several biological processes including cell adhesion, growth factor availability, extracellular matrix remodeling and immune-regulation. SPARC has also been associated with a variety of diseases including diabetes, colon cancer, and leukemia. The expression of SPARC in different diseases exhibits some degree of ambiguity, especially in hemopathies. Herein, we review the current expression and effects of SPARC in various hematologic disorders with respect to nanoparticle albumin bound innovative therapies and related diagnostic research, providing a clinical perspective on the use of NAB technology in the frontier treatment of hematologic diseases.
Topics: Albumins; Cell Adhesion; Extracellular Matrix; Hematologic Diseases; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Osteonectin
PubMed: 36076604
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113519 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Oct 2011SPARC is a matricellular protein, able to modulate cell/ECM interactions and influence cell responses to growth factors, and therefore is particularly attuned to... (Review)
Review
SPARC is a matricellular protein, able to modulate cell/ECM interactions and influence cell responses to growth factors, and therefore is particularly attuned to contribute to physiological processes involving changes in ECM and cell mobilization. Indeed, the list of biological processes affected by SPARC includes wound healing, tumor progression, bone formation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. The process of angiogenesis is complex and involves a number of cellular processes such as endothelial cell proliferation, migration, ECM degradation, and synthesis, as well as pericyte recruitment to stabilize nascent vessels. In this review, we will summarize current results that explore the function of SPARC in the regulation of angiogenic events with a particular emphasis on the modulation of growth factor activity by SPARC in the context of blood vessel formation. The primary function of SPARC in angiogenesis remains unclear, as SPARC activity in some circumstances promotes angiogenesis and in others is more consistent with an anti-angiogenic activity. Undoubtedly, the mercurial nature of SPARC belies a redundancy of functional proteins in angiogenesis as well as cell-type-specific activities that alter signal transduction events in response to unique cellular milieus. Nonetheless, the investigation of cellular mechanisms that define functional activities of SPARC continue to contribute novel and exciting paradigms to vascular biology.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Integrin alphaV; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteonectin; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 21822645
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0781-8 -
Pancreas Oct 2015Pancreatic cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that often lacks disease-specific symptoms in early stages. The malignancy is currently the fourth leading cause... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that often lacks disease-specific symptoms in early stages. The malignancy is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. In advanced stages, the overall 5-year survival is less than 1% to 2%. Most available treatments lack convincing cost-efficiency determinations and are generally not associated with relevant success rates. Targeting stromal components and stromal depletion is currently becoming an area of extensive research in pancreatic cancer. In this context, a glycoprotein, SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) appears to play a central role. Still, the role of SPARC in carcinogenesis is controversial because conflicting results have been reported, and the pathways involved in SPARC signaling are not well established. Nonetheless, SPARC is highly expressed in the tumor stroma, principally in peritumoral fibroblasts, and the overexpression of SPARC in this compartment is associated with poorer prognosis. Interestingly, it has been suggested that SPARC present in the tumor stroma could sequester albumin-bound paclitaxel, enhancing the delivery of paclitaxel into the tumor microenvironment. In the present review, we summarize the known associations between SPARC and pancreatic cancer. Moreover, present and future therapies comprising SPARC-targeting are discussed.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; DNA Methylation; Deoxycytidine; Humans; Osteonectin; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome; Gemcitabine
PubMed: 26335014
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000409 -
Folia Morphologica 2019An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms around the root of an infected tooth. In this study, we aimed to investigate the extracellular matrix proteases ADAMTS1,...
BACKGROUND
An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms around the root of an infected tooth. In this study, we aimed to investigate the extracellular matrix proteases ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4, osteonectin, and osteopontin expressions in abscess fluid cells in jaws after implantation and prosthesis operation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this clinical study, abscess fluids belonging to 17 patients who applied to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. In the histopathological examination of the abscess fluid, separation of chromatin bridges in the nuclei of neutrophil cells, pyknosis and apoptotic changes in the nucleus, degenerative change in the cytoplasm, and occasional vacuolar structures were observed.
RESULTS
The positive reaction of ADAMTS1 was observed in fibroblast cells, plasma cells, and macrophage cells. The positive reaction of ADAMTS4 was observed in fibroblast cells, osteoclast cells, and some apoptotic leukocyte cells. Osteopontin expression in osteoclastic cells and polymorphonuclear cells was defined as positive. Osteonectin expression was positive in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hypertrophic fibroblast cells.
CONCLUSIONS
ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS4 may induce bone destruction with its distinctive property in alveolar bone resorption, which promotes the activation of osteoclasts, which can accelerate the destruction of the extracellular matrix in the acute phase. Furthermore, osteoclastic activity increased with the increase of osteonectin and osteopontin protein expression due to inflammation in the abscess cases.
Topics: ADAMTS1 Protein; ADAMTS4 Protein; Abscess; Face; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Maxilla; Osteoclasts; Osteonectin; Osteopontin
PubMed: 31063202
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0051 -
Brazilian Oral Research Oct 2016The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and osteonectin (ON) in pulp-like tissues developed by tissue...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and osteonectin (ON) in pulp-like tissues developed by tissue engineering and to compare it with the expression of these proteins in pulps treated with Ca(OH)2 therapy. Tooth slices were obtained from non-carious human third molars under sterile procedures. The residual periodontal and pulp soft tissues were removed. Empty pulp spaces of the tooth slice were filled with sodium chloride particles (250-425 µm). PLLA solubilized in 5% chloroform was applied over the salt particles. The tooth slice/scaffold (TS/S) set was stored overnight and then rinsed thoroughly to wash out the salt. Scaffolds were previously sterilized with ethanol (100-70°) and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). TS/S was treated with 10% EDTA and seeded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Then, TS/S was implanted into the dorsum of immunodeficient mice for 28 days. Human third molars previously treated with Ca(OH)2 for 90 days were also evaluated. Samples were prepared and submitted to histological and immunohistochemical (with anti-TGF-β1, 1:100 and anti-ON, 1:350) analyses. After 28 days, TS/S showed morphological characteristics similar to those observed in dental pulp treated with Ca(OH)2. Ca(OH)2-treated pulps showed the usual repaired pulp characteristics. In TS/S, newly formed tissues and pre-dentin was colored, which elucidated the expression of TGF-β1 and ON. Immunohistochemistry staining of Ca(OH)2-treated pulps showed the same expression patterns. The extracellular matrix displayed a fibrillar pattern under both conditions. Regenerative events in the pulp seem to follow a similar pattern of TGF-β1 and ON expression as the repair processes.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Hydroxide; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Extracellular Matrix; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Odontoblasts; Osteonectin; Reproducibility of Results; Stem Cells; Time Factors; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 27737353
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0093 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jun 2020Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that, among other functions, can contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly including modulation of cell:ECM... (Review)
Review
Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that, among other functions, can contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly including modulation of cell:ECM interactions. Recent discoveries have indicated a fundamental role for the ECM in the regulation of inflammatory responses including cell extravasation and recruitment, immune cell differentiation, polarization, activation, and retention in tissues. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular collagen-binding protein implicated in fibrillar collagen assembly in the ECM of connective tissue as well as in basal lamina organization. Functions of SPARC in modulating cell adhesion events are also reported. Studies of phenotypic responses observed in SPARC-null mice to a variety of injury models have yielded interesting insight into the functional importance of SPARC production and aberrations in ECM structure that occur in the absence of SPARC that influence immune cell behavior and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will discuss several examples from different tissues in which SPARC-null mice exhibited an inflammatory response distinct from those of SPARC expressing mice and provide insight into novel ECM-dependent mechanisms that influence these responses. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Matrix; Fibrillar Collagens; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Osteonectin
PubMed: 30980479
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24133 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2022The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an important component of periodontium to support dental structure in the alveolar socket. Regeneration of PDL tissue is an effective...
OBJECTIVES
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an important component of periodontium to support dental structure in the alveolar socket. Regeneration of PDL tissue is an effective treatment option for periodontal disease and the profiling of genes involved in this process will be informative. Therefore, our study aims to accurately delineate the profiling of gene expression for PDL tissue regeneration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We isolated PDL tissues and PDL fibroblasts (PDLFs) from premolar teeth, which were extracted from healthy periodontal status patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in PDL tissue and PDLFs were analyzed using Cap analysis gene expression, which is a second-generation sequencing technique to create profiling. We also determined the protein expression using Western blot.
RESULTS
Collagens (type I, III, and VI), noncollagenous proteins (periostin and osteonectin), and proteoglycans (asporin, lumican, decorin, and osteomodulin) were highly expressed in PDL tissue. Integrin, β1 was also expressed in PDL tissue. On comparison of gene expression between PDL tissue and PDLFs, four PDL marker genes, osteopontin, asporin, periostin, and osteonectin, were decreased in PDLFs. The genes for gene regulation were also highly expressed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated the overall profiling of mRNA expression in PDL tissue and analyzed the important genes which may be useful for providing specific information for the reconstruction of PDL. We also identified the difference in gene expression between PDL tissue and PDLFs which might provide insights towards PDL regeneration.
Topics: Fibroblasts; Gene Expression; Humans; Osteonectin; Periodontal Ligament; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 35106969
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.533