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British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1981
Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Child; Humans; Otitis Media; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 6780096
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1977
Topics: Child; Deafness; Health Services; Humans; Otitis Media; Research
PubMed: 871859
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Sep 2014Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common reason for primary care visits in children. Yet, there is considerable debate on the most effective treatment. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common reason for primary care visits in children. Yet, there is considerable debate on the most effective treatment.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments (analgesics, antibiotics, and myringotomy) in children with AOM? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 17 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: analgesics, antibiotics, delayed antibiotics, immediate antibiotics, longer courses of antibiotics, and myringotomy.
Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Humans; Middle Ear Ventilation; Otitis Media
PubMed: 25229555
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indoor Environment and Otitis Media among Australian Children: A National Cross-Sectional Study.International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022The association between the indoor environment and lifetime prevalence of otitis media (OM) in Australian children was assessed. We analysed data from a cross-sectional...
The association between the indoor environment and lifetime prevalence of otitis media (OM) in Australian children was assessed. We analysed data from a cross-sectional study of children, aged 7-11 years, performed in twelve Australian cities during 2007-2008. The main outcome was a parental report of their child's diagnosis with OM by a doctor. Information on the indoor environment (energy sources used for heating, cooling, and cooking, pets, and second-hand smoke exposure), in the first year of life and at present, was collected from parents by a questionnaire. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to adjust for individual- and area-level confounders. Our analysis comprised 2872 children (51% female, mean age: 10.0 (SD 1.2)). Of those, 1097 (39%) were reported to have OM. Exposure to gas heating in the first year of life was significantly associated with higher odds of OM in adjusted models (OR:1.22; 95% CI: 1.00,1.47), as was current exposure to reverse-cycle air conditioning (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27,1.82). Ownership of a cat or dog at any time was also associated with high odds of OM (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17,1.92). No other significant associations were observed. In this national study of Australian children, indoor environmental exposures associated with the lifetime prevalence of OM were gas heating, reverse-cycle air conditioning and pet ownership. Exposures in both early life and later childhood may both play a role in OM.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Australia; Child; Cooking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media
PubMed: 35162576
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031551 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Sep 2022
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Otitis Media
PubMed: 35689834
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.850 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Nov 2016To identify genetic and environmental risk factors for otitis media in an indigenous Filipino population.
OBJECTIVE
To identify genetic and environmental risk factors for otitis media in an indigenous Filipino population.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Indigenous Filipino community.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Clinical history and information on breastfeeding, tobacco smoke exposure, and swimming were obtained from community members. Heads of households were interviewed for family history and personal beliefs on ear health. Height and weight were measured. Otoscopic findings were described for the presence and character of perforation or discharge. An A2ML1 duplication variant that confers otitis media susceptibility was Sanger sequenced in all DNA samples. Co-occurrence of middle ear bacteria detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was determined according to A2ML1 genotype and social cluster.
RESULTS
The indigenous Filipino population has a ~50% prevalence of otitis media. Young age was associated with otitis media (4 age strata; P = .004); however, age was nonsignificant as a bistratal or continuous variable. There was no association between otitis media and sex, body mass index, breastfeeding, tobacco exposure, or deep swimming. In multivariate analyses, A2ML1 genotype is the strongest predictor of otitis media, with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-10.8; P = .005). When otitis media diagnoses were plotted across ages, otitis media was observed within the first year of life, and chronic otitis media persisted up to adulthood, particularly in A2ML1-variant carriers.
CONCLUSION
Among indigenous Filipinos, A2ML1 genotype is the primary risk factor for otitis media and main determinant of disease progression, although age, the middle ear microbiome, and social clusters might modulate the effect of the A2ML1 genotype.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Otitis Media; Otoscopy; Philippines; Prevalence; Risk Factors; alpha-Macroglobulins
PubMed: 27484237
DOI: 10.1177/0194599816661703 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2016Otitis media is a worldwide disease and is higher in developing countries, particularly among the low socioeconomic levels of the society. The aim of the study is to...
BACKGROUND
Otitis media is a worldwide disease and is higher in developing countries, particularly among the low socioeconomic levels of the society. The aim of the study is to identify the bacterial etiologic agents of otitis media (OM) and their antibiotics sensitivity patterns among children in Specialized Sam Paediatric Centre (SSPC) and Al-Mamoon Diagnostic Medical Centre (AMDC), in Sana'a city.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was done in SSPC and AMDC from January to October 2015. A total of 150 patients who had ear pus discharge and clinically diagnosed as OM were included in this study. Samples of ear discharge were collected, bacteriologically tested by standard methods and bacterial strains were identified using biochemical testes. Questionnaire was administered on patients or parents that cover the age, gender and the duration of symptoms.
RESULTS
A total of 150 children with OM, their age ranged from below 1-15 years (85 males and 65 females). Children less than 5 years of age were 100 and 50 with age ranged from 6-15 years. Bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (44%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.67%), Enterococcus species (12.67%), and Streptococcus pneumonia (10%). Bacterial culture revealed that, Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to cefotaxime and azithromycin was 98%, to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 92% and it was 85% to gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to cefotaxime was 100%, to azithromycin and gentamicin was 98% and it was 80% to cefaclor. Enterococcus sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 85%, to azithromycin was 80%, and it was 75% to cefotaxime, and gentamicin.
CONCLUSIONS
The most common microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas, Enterococcus species, and then Streptococcus pneumonia. The most effective antibiotics were cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin and gentamicin. Therefore, knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility test is essential for guiding appropriate antibacterial therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Otitis Media; Yemen
PubMed: 28712217
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2014Two-thirds of all children have an episode of acute otitis media (AOM) before their third birthday. Antibiotic treatment is often given immediately, even though adequate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Two-thirds of all children have an episode of acute otitis media (AOM) before their third birthday. Antibiotic treatment is often given immediately, even though adequate scientific evidence for this practice is lacking.
METHOD
This review is based on a selective literature search including previously published evidence-based recommendations, particularly those of the current American guidelines.
RESULTS
A purulent tympanic effusion, possibly associated with inflammation of the tympanic membrane, is indicative of AOM. Only some patients with AOM need immediate antibiotic treatment: children with severe otalgia and/or fever of 39.0°C or above, infants under 6 months of age, and children with certain specific risk factors, including immune deficiency and Down syndrome. In other cases, symptomatic treatment is appropriate. Antibiotic therapy (preferably with amoxicillin) should be initiated only if the symptoms and signs do not improve within two to three days.
CONCLUSION
As the currently available data are not fully consistent, there is still a need for controlled trials with well-defined endpoints to determine the relative benefits of immediate antibiotic treatment versus two to three days of watchful waiting.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Otitis Media; Otolaryngology; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 24661591
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0151 -
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science Feb 2017The inner and middle ear are connected mainly through round and oval windows, and inflammation in the middle ear cavity can spread into the inner ear, which might induce... (Review)
Review
The inner and middle ear are connected mainly through round and oval windows, and inflammation in the middle ear cavity can spread into the inner ear, which might induce a disturbance. In cases with intractable otitis media, attention should also be paid to symptoms related to the inner ear. In this paper, middle ear inflammation and related inner ear disturbances are reviewed with a focus on representative middle ear diseases (such as acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, otitis media with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, eosinophilic otitis media, cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistula, and reflux-related otitis media). Their clinical concerns are then discussed with reference to experimental studies. In these diseases, early diagnosis and adequate treatment are required to manage not only middle ear but also inner ear conditions.
Topics: Ear, Inner; Ear, Middle; Humans; Inflammation; Otitis Media
PubMed: 28303055
DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.1.1 -
Medical Image Analysis Jul 2021In this study, we propose an automatic diagnostic algorithm for detecting otitis media based on otoscopy images of the tympanic membrane. A total of 1336 images were...
In this study, we propose an automatic diagnostic algorithm for detecting otitis media based on otoscopy images of the tympanic membrane. A total of 1336 images were assessed by a medical specialist into three diagnostic groups: acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and no effusion. To provide proper treatment and care and limit the use of unnecessary antibiotics, it is crucial to correctly detect tympanic membrane abnormalities, and to distinguish between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. The proposed approach for this classification task is based on deep metric learning, and this study compares the performance of different distance-based metric loss functions. Contrastive loss, triplet loss and multi-class N-pair loss are employed, and compared with the performance of standard cross-entropy and class-weighted cross-entropy classification networks. Triplet loss achieves high precision on a highly imbalanced data set, and the deep metric methods provide useful insight into the decision making of a neural network. The results are comparable to the best clinical experts and paves the way for more accurate and operator-independent diagnosis of otitis media.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Otoscopy; Tympanic Membrane
PubMed: 33848961
DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102034