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Journal of Dairy Science May 1997Ovarian follicular cysts are anovulatory follicular structures that occur in 10 to 13% of dairy cows. This review focuses upon the dynamics of cyst growth, development,... (Review)
Review
Ovarian follicular cysts are anovulatory follicular structures that occur in 10 to 13% of dairy cows. This review focuses upon the dynamics of cyst growth, development, and persistence as well as on associated endocrine and cellular mechanisms. During the estrous cycle of cows, two to four waves of follicular growth occur. From a cohort of recruited follicles, one is selected for continued growth and dominance while the other undergo atresia and regress. In contrast, cysts have long been thought to be static structures that persist for extended periods. Although cysts can persist for extended periods, most regress over time and are replaced during subsequent follicular waves. The next dominant follicle either ovulates or develops into a new cyst. The recruitment of a cohort of follicles from which a cyst develops and the growth rate of cysts to ovulatory size are similar to ovulatory follicular waves, but the cyst continues to grow for a longer period. The interval between waves of follicular growth is longer for cows with cysts than for cows with normal estrous cycles. Each wave is preceded by a transient increase in circulating FSH. Near the time of cyst development and persistence, the concentration of FSH is not different from that during normal estrous cycles. Serum concentrations of LH and estradiol-17 beta are higher in cows that develop cysts than in cows that do not. Conversely, hypothalamic content of GnRH is lower in cows with cysts. Thus, cysts are dynamic structures, and their development and lifespan are likely associated with altered hypothalamic-hypophysial-ovarian function.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Follicle
PubMed: 9178141
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76025-9 -
Genes Sep 2023Corpus luteum cysts are a serious reproductive disorder that affects the reproductive performance of sows. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome datasets of...
Corpus luteum cysts are a serious reproductive disorder that affects the reproductive performance of sows. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome datasets of porcine normal and cyst luteal granulosa cells were generated to explore the molecular mechanism of luteal cyst formation. We obtained 28.9 Gb of high-quality transcriptome data from luteum tissue samples and identified 1048 significantly differentially expressed genes between the cyst and normal corpus luteum samples. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cancer and immune signaling pathways. Furthermore, 22,622 information-containing positive and negative ions were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 1106 metabolites were successfully annotated. Important differentially abundant metabolites and pathways were identified, among which abnormal lipid and choline metabolism were involved in the formation of luteal cysts. The relationships between granulosa cells of luteal cysts and cancer, immune-related signaling pathways, and abnormalities of lipid and choline metabolism were elaborated, providing new entry points for studying the pathogenesis of porcine luteal cysts.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Swine; Transcriptome; Ovarian Cysts; Metabolome; Choline; Lipids
PubMed: 37895197
DOI: 10.3390/genes14101848 -
Ginekologia Polska 2020The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ovarian endometrioma according to its size on the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels compared to that of other...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ovarian endometrioma according to its size on the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels compared to that of other benign ovarian cysts.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The current study retrospectively evaluated preoperative serum AMH level and its association to presenting ovarian cyst size which were measured in clinical setting. Women with surgically diagnosed endometrioma or other benign ovarian cysts were included. All patients underwent transvaginal or transrectal ultrasonography to determine the size of the ovarian cysts. Preoperative serum AMH level was checked and evaluated according to histologic type of the cyst, which were endometrioma or other benign ovarian cysts, respectively. Both groups were classified into ≤ 4 cm, > 4 cm and ≤ 8 cm, > 8 cm and ≤ 12 cm, > 12 cm according to the diameter of cyst and analyzed the difference of mean AMH levels in both groups.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in preoperative serum AMH level between the two groups (3.36 ± 2.3 versus 3.76 ± 2.64, p = 0.331). The difference of preoperative AMH levels according to categorized cyst size also was not statistically significant in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative serum AMH levels were not statistically different between endometrioma and other benign ovarian cyst groups and were not related to the size of endometrioma.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Cysts; Ovary; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32627152
DOI: 10.5603/GP.2020.0060 -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... Dec 2003Endovaginal ultrasonography is relevant for the diagnosis of ovarian endometriomas with a good predictive value. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended if... (Review)
Review
Endovaginal ultrasonography is relevant for the diagnosis of ovarian endometriomas with a good predictive value. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended if deep endometriosis is suspected. Operative laparoscopic management is the 'gold standard' for surgical treatment, and medical treatment should not be given before surgery. Peritoneal lavage cytology must be performed before cystectomy. First, the cyst is opened and the endometriosic fluid is aspirated. The stripping technique is performed and after hemostasis, the ovarian cortex is reattached with microsurgical sutures. Coagulation or laser vaporization of endometriomas without excision of the pseudocapsule seems to be associated with a significant increase in risk of cyst recurrence. Recurrent ovarian surgery is not recommended in women with infertility, as it might be deleterious for ovarian reserve.
Topics: CA-125 Antigen; Diagnosis, Differential; Endometriosis; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Diseases; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 14968063
DOI: No ID Found -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021The common gynaecological causes of acute pelvic pain include ruptured ectopic pregnancy, haemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst or torsion of an ovarian cyst. Ovarian vascular...
The common gynaecological causes of acute pelvic pain include ruptured ectopic pregnancy, haemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst or torsion of an ovarian cyst. Ovarian vascular accidents are reported in women on oral anticoagulation presenting as an acute pelvic pain. Although such vascular accidents with anticoagulation therapy are an unusual entity, a meticulous history, clinical examination, and laboratory workup to confirm the diagnosis and timely intervention is needed to reduce attending morbidity and mortality. However, a standard algorithm for management is not described in the literature. We hereby report successful management of recurrent hemorrhagic ovarian cyst due to coagulopathy in a woman with mechanical heart valves with timely surgical intervention. This case report discusses operative versus non operative management approach and may provide value addition to readers encountering such cases in their clinical practice.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Cysts; Pelvic Pain; Recurrence
PubMed: 34795832
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.52.30961 -
Journal of Women's Health (2002) May 2023There is a growing body of evidence that ovarian cystectomy may negatively impact ovarian reserve. However, it is unclear whether ovarian cyst surgery puts women at...
There is a growing body of evidence that ovarian cystectomy may negatively impact ovarian reserve. However, it is unclear whether ovarian cyst surgery puts women at risk of future infertility. This study investigates whether surgery for benign ovarian cysts is associated with long-term infertility risk. Women aged 22-45 years ( = 1,537) were invited to participate in an interview about their reproductive histories, including whether they ever had infertility or ovarian cyst surgery. Each woman reporting cyst surgery was randomly matched to a comparison woman, who was assigned an artificial surgery age equal to that of her match. Matching was repeated 1,000 times. Adjusted Cox models were fit to examine time to infertility after surgery for each match. A subset of women was invited to participate in a clinic visit to assess markers of ovarian reserve (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], antral follicle count). Approximately 6.1% of women reported cyst surgery. Infertility after surgery was more common for women reporting cyst surgery than those without surgery after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, cancer history, parity before assigned surgery age, history of infertility before surgery age, and endometriosis (median-adjusted hazard ratio 2.41, 95% simulation interval 1.03-6.78). The estimated geometric mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) AMH levels of those who reported a history of ovarian cyst surgery were 1.08 (95% CI: 0.57-2.05) times those of women who reported no history of surgery. Those with a history of ovarian cyst surgery were more likely to report having a history of infertility compared with age-matched women who reported no history of cyst surgery. It is possible that both ovarian surgery to remove cysts and the conditions that lead women to develop cysts requiring surgery may affect subsequent successful conception.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Infertility; Endometriosis; Fertilization; Anti-Mullerian Hormone
PubMed: 36971598
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0385 -
CRSLS : MIS Case Reports From SLS 2023Endometriosis originating in mesonephric cyst is unusual and with unknown prevalence. Endometriotic lesion in vestigial remnant of wolffian duct (mesonephric cyst) is... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Endometriosis originating in mesonephric cyst is unusual and with unknown prevalence. Endometriotic lesion in vestigial remnant of wolffian duct (mesonephric cyst) is exceptional. In the extended literature review only three cases have been reported in animal studies, and our case reported here is the first in human beings. We present a case of mesonephric cyst endometrioma in a 37-year-old patient who was referred for severe dysmenorrhea, long duration pelvic and back pain, subfertility, severe dyspareunia, and groin discomfort. The patient underwent laparoscopic removal and we performed a literature review to gain insight about the origin and surgical management of an atypical site endometriosis.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Case report presentation rests on information obtained from the patient database. We performed the literature review using a Medline search with the keywords: mesonephric cyst endometriosis, atypical location of endometriosis in vestigial remnant in wolffian duct, and Gartner duct cyst endometrioma.
RESULTS
On physical examination, fullness and tenderness in left adnexa and lateral vaginal wall fullness on left side with restricted mobility of uterus was noted. Based on the examination and imaging the left ovarian cyst and mesonephric cyst were suspected. Surgical exploration revealed the left hemorrhagic cyst with deep infiltrating endometriosis involving left ureter and left uterosacral ligament with mesonephric cyst endometriosis. The review of literature revealed three cases where ectopic endometrial tissue in mesonephric cyst remnant was found in female dogs.
CONCLUSION
Mesonephric cyst endometrioma, although rare, can be a representative of extensive endometriosis. This case highlights an importance of careful clinical examination, correlation of patient symptoms with examination and imaging, and successful laparoscopic management of an atypical location endometriotic lesions. We completed the literature review on successful surgical management of such cases.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Female; Humans; Adult; Endometriosis; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Cysts; Pelvis; Cysts
PubMed: 37808583
DOI: 10.4293/CRSLS.2023.00029 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2023: Fetal ovarian cysts (FOCs) are a very rare pathology that can be associated with maternal-fetal and neonatal complications. The aim of this study was to assess the...
: Fetal ovarian cysts (FOCs) are a very rare pathology that can be associated with maternal-fetal and neonatal complications. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ultrasound characteristics on FOC evolution and therapeutic management. : We included cases admitted to our perinatal tertiary center between August 2016 and December 2022 with a prenatal or postnatal ultrasound evaluation indicative of FOC. We retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postnatal medical records, sonographic findings, operation protocols, and pathology reports. : This study investigated 20 cases of FOCs, of which 17 (85%) were diagnosed prenatally and 3 (15%) postnatally. The mean size of prenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts was 34.64 ± 12.53 mm for simple ovarian cysts and 55.16 ± 21.01 mm for complex ovarian cysts ( = 0.01). The simple FOCs ≤ 4 cm underwent resorption (n = 7, 70%) or size reduction (n = 3, 30%) without complications. Only 1 simple FOC greater than 4 cm reduced its size during follow-up, while 2 cases (66.6%) were complicated with ovarian torsion. Complex ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally underwent resorption in only 1 case (25%), reduced in size in 1 case (25%), and were complicated with ovarian torsion in 2 cases (50%). Moreover, 2 simple (66.6%) and 1 complex (33.3%) fetal ovarian cysts were postnatally diagnosed. All of these simple ovarian cysts had a maximum diameter of ≤4 cm, and all of them underwent size reduction. The complex ovarian cyst of 4 cm underwent resorption during follow-up. : Symptomatic neonatal ovarian cysts, as well as those that grow in size during sonographic follow-up, are in danger of ovarian torsion and should be operated on. Complex cysts and large cysts (with >4 cm diameter) could be followed up unless they become symptomatic or increase in dimensions during serial ultrasounds.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Ovarian Torsion; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Fetal Diseases; Ovarian Cysts
PubMed: 37109673
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040715 -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... Dec 2013Ovarian cysts presumed benign can be organic or functional. Their prevalence is estimated between 14 and 18% in postmenopausal women and around 7% in asymptomatic women... (Review)
Review
Ovarian cysts presumed benign can be organic or functional. Their prevalence is estimated between 14 and 18% in postmenopausal women and around 7% in asymptomatic women of childbearing age. Their incidence during pregnancy is between 0.2 and 5% and varies within the term of pregnancy. Ovarian cysts presumed benign have caused nearly 45,000 hospitalizations in France in 2012, bringing the annual risk of hospitalization for a woman residing in France to 1.3‰. Among the risk factors studied in the literature, tamoxifen increases the incidence of ovarian cysts in premenopausal patients and immunosuppressive treatments are associated with a high prevalence of benign ovarian cysts while estrogen contraception reduces the risk of developing functional cysts.
Topics: Age Factors; Child; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Menopause; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Reproduction
PubMed: 24210235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.027 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022To investigate the incidence of functional ovarian cysts, its influence on clinical rates, and proper management after depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the incidence of functional ovarian cysts, its influence on clinical rates, and proper management after depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist pretreatment in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles (AC-FET).
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study involved 3375 AC-FET cycles with follicular-phase depot GnRH agonist administration between January 2017 and December 2020. Subjects were divided into a study group (cycles with cyst formation) and a control group (cycles without cyst formation). The study group was matched by propensity scoring matching with the control group at a ratio of 1:2. For patients with ovarian cyst formation, two major managements were used: a conservative approach (i.e., expectant treatment) and a drug approach (i.e., continued agonist administration). The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR).
RESULTS
The incidence of functional ovarian cysts following pituitary downregulation is 10.1% (341/3375). The study group exhibited a LBR similar to the control group (54.5% . 50.1%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.56, 0.274). Patients with a lower body mass index and anti-Müllerian hormone, and a higher basal estradiol level were more susceptible to developing functional ovarian cysts. The LBR decreased after the drug approach compared with the conservative approach, but not significantly (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.35-1.14, 0.125). Following the conservative approach, cycles arrived at live births had a significantly shorter duration from the detection of functional cysts to the start of endometrium preparation (15.7 ± 5.1 days . 17.4 ± 5.3 days, = 0.009) and a significantly higher proportion of ovarian cysts on the initial day of exogenous hormone supplementation (51.4% . 30.3%, = 0.001). After controlling for all confounders, the differences remained statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
It is unnecessary to cancel cycles that experience functional ovarian cyst formation. Conservative management and further agonist suppression protocol had similar pregnancy rates. However, a conservative approach was recommended due to its lower cost and fewer side effects. Our findings support a shorter waiting period when choosing the conservative protocol.
Topics: Embryo Transfer; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35574002
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.828993