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BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jan 2023In humans, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is caused by autoimmunity and genetic factors, such as mutation of BMP15, a key ovarian determining gene. The cellular...
In humans, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is caused by autoimmunity and genetic factors, such as mutation of BMP15, a key ovarian determining gene. The cellular mechanisms associated with ovarian failure caused by BMP15 mutation and immune contributions to the disorder are not understood. BMP15's role in ovarian follicle development is conserved in vertebrates, including zebrafish. Using zebrafish, we established a causal link between macrophage activation and ovarian failure. We identified a germline-somatic gonadal cell-macrophage axis underlying ovarian atresia. Germline loss of Bmp15 triggers this axis that single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic analyses indicate involves activation of ovarian somatic cells that express conserved macrophage-activating ligands. Genetic ablation of macrophages blocks premature oocyte loss. Thus, the axis identified here represents potential therapeutic targets to preserve female fertility.
PubMed: 36711702
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522645 -
Hormone Research 2007The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure is based on the finding of amenorrhoea before age 40 associated with follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the menopausal... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure is based on the finding of amenorrhoea before age 40 associated with follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the menopausal range. Screening for associated autoimmune disorders and karyotyping, particularly in early onset disease, constitute part of the diagnostic work up. There is no role for ovarian biopsy or ultrasound in making the diagnosis. Management essentially involves hormone replacement and infertility treatment, the most successful being assisted conception with donated oocytes. Embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue or oocyte cryopreservation and in vitro maturation of oocytes hold promise in cases where ovarian failure is foreseeable as in women undergoing cancer treatments.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Down Syndrome; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Infertility, Female; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Turner Syndrome
PubMed: 17495481
DOI: 10.1159/000102537 -
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Dec 2022Premature ovarian failure is a to some extent unknown and intricate problem with diverse causes and clinical manifestations. The lack of ovarian sex hormones presumably... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure is a to some extent unknown and intricate problem with diverse causes and clinical manifestations. The lack of ovarian sex hormones presumably is effective in the occurrence of ovarian failure. Our progress in this field has been very little despite undertaken scientific research endeavors; scholars still are trying to understand the explanation of this dilemmatic medical condition. In contrast, the practice of clinical medicine has made meaningful strides in providing assurance to the women with premature ovarian insufficiency that their quality of life as well as long-term health can be optimized through timely intervention. Very recently Scientists have investigated the regulating effects of small RNA molecules on steroidogenesis apoptosis, ovulation, gonadal, and corpus luteum development of ovaries. In this literature review, we tried to talk over the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating gene expression after transcription in the ovary. Video abstract.
Topics: Female; Humans; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; MicroRNAs; Quality of Life; Ovulation
PubMed: 36564840
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00992-3 -
Chinese Medical Journal Feb 2017Ovarian fibrosis is characterized by excessive proliferation of ovarian fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and it is one of the principal reasons... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Ovarian fibrosis is characterized by excessive proliferation of ovarian fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and it is one of the principal reasons for ovarian dysfunction. This review aimed to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism of ovarian fibrosis and to clarify the relationship between ovarian diseases and fibrosis.
DATA SOURCES
We searched PubMed for English language articles published up to November 2016. The search terms included ovarian fibrosis OR fibrosis, ovarian chocolate cyst OR ovarian endometrioma, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, ECM, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and combinations of these terms.
STUDY SELECTION
Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the pathogenic mechanism of ovarian fibrosis and related ovarian diseases.
RESULTS
Many cytokines, such as MMPs, TIMPs, TGF-β1, CTGF, PPAR-γ, VEGF, and ET-1, are involved in ovarian fibrogenesis. Ovarian fibrogenesis is associated with various ovarian diseases, including ovarian chocolate cyst, PCOS, and premature ovarian failure. One finding of particular interest is that fibrogenesis in peripheral tissues around an ovarian chocolate cyst commonly causes ovarian function diminution, and therefore, this medical problem should arouse widespread concern in clinicians worldwide.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with ovarian fibrosis are susceptible to infertility and tend to have decreased responses to assisted fertility treatment. Thus, protection of ovarian function should be a priority for women who wish to reproduce when making therapeutic decisions about ovarian fibrosis-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovary
PubMed: 28139522
DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.198931 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Jan 2015All work referenced herein relates to treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinomas, as their treatment differs from ovarian germ cell cancers and other rare ovarian... (Review)
Review
All work referenced herein relates to treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinomas, as their treatment differs from ovarian germ cell cancers and other rare ovarian cancers, the treatments of which are addressed elsewhere. Fallopian tube cancers and primary peritoneal adenocarcinomatosis are also generally treated as epithelial ovarian cancers. The standard of care initial treatment of advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer is optimal debulking surgery as feasible plus chemotherapy with a platinum plus a taxane agent. If this front-line approach fails, as it too often the case, several FDA-approved agents are available for salvage therapy. However, because no second-line therapy for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is typically curative, we prefer referral to clinical trials as logistically feasible, even if it means referring patients outside our system. Immune therapy has a sound theoretical basis for treating carcinomas generally, and for treating ovarian cancer in particular. Advances in understanding the immunopathogenic basis of ovarian cancer, and the immunopathologic basis for prior failures of immunotherapy for it and other carcinomas promises to afford novel treatment approaches with potential for significant efficacy, and reduced toxicities compared with cytotoxic agents. Thus, referral to early phase immunotherapy trials for ovarian cancer patients that fail conventional treatment merits consideration.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 25648541
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-014-0317-1 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Jun 2023Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a female reproductive system disease caused by many factors and systems, which has seriously affected the quality of life of women of... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a female reproductive system disease caused by many factors and systems, which has seriously affected the quality of life of women of childbearing age. Clinically, the disease is difficult to treat while its incidence rate shows an increasing trend. In recent years, natural products used as multi-pathway, multi-target and efficient drugs, have become the focus of many research and clinical studies in China and abroad, and the effect of phytochemicals derived from edible plants and Chinese medicine herbs on POF were investigated in several papers. Using "premature ovarian failure" or "ovary" and related natural products as keywords, we retrieved and reviewed research articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other literature databases. Up to October, 2021, natural compounds with prophylactic or interference inhibition effects on POF mainly included flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, and polyphenols. Their effect on POF and ovarian function was closely related to their antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiaging, immunoregulatory and estrogen-like activities.
Topics: Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; China
PubMed: 37147765
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230227.002 -
International Journal of Fertility &... Jul 2011Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects 1% of young women. This condition has significant psychological sequelae and major health implications. POF seriously interferes... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects 1% of young women. This condition has significant psychological sequelae and major health implications. POF seriously interferes with fertility and family planning. Diverse etiologies are associated with POF. Literature review related to the causes and pathogenesis of POF, cited between the year 1900 and May 2010. POF may be either spontaneous or induced. The known causes include: Genetic disorders, which could involve the X chromosome or autosomes. However, the growing body of literature demonstrates a list of newly discovered mutations that may be responsible for causing POF. Most of these mutations are extremely rare, and most cases of POF are still considered to be idiopathic.Autoimmune causes; there is some evidence of an association of POF with lymphocytic oophoritis and other autoimmune disorders. Antiovarian antibodies are reported in POF, but their specificity and pathogenic role are obscure.Iatrogenic causes; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and pelvic surgery can lead to POF.Infectious Causes; some viral and microbial infections can be followed by POF.Environmental toxins, such as cigarette smoking are reported as risk factors of spontaneous POF.Idiopathic; in most cases, no identifiable etiology can be recognized after complete evaluation.
PubMed: 24963360
DOI: No ID Found -
Animal Reproduction 2022At the time of its discovery and characterization in 1994, leptin was mostly considered a metabolic hormone able to regulate body weight and energy homeostasis. However,...
At the time of its discovery and characterization in 1994, leptin was mostly considered a metabolic hormone able to regulate body weight and energy homeostasis. However, in recent years, a great deal of literature has revealed leptin's pleiotropic nature, through its involvement in numerous physiological contexts including the regulation of the female reproductive tract and ovarian function. Obesity has been largely associated with infertility, and leptin signalling is known to be dysregulated in the ovaries of obese females. Hence, the disruption of ovarian leptin signalling was shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of ovarian failure in obese females, affecting transcriptional programmes in the gamete and somatic cells. This review attempts to uncover the underlying mechanisms contributing to female infertility associated with obesity, as well as to shed light on the role of leptin in the metabolic dysregulation within the follicle, the effects on the oocyte epigenome, and the potential long-term consequence to embryo programming.
PubMed: 36855701
DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0007 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2017Premature ovarian failure is one of the side effects of chemotherapy in pre-menopausal cancer patients. Preservation of fertility has become increasingly important in... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure is one of the side effects of chemotherapy in pre-menopausal cancer patients. Preservation of fertility has become increasingly important in improving the quality of life of completely recovered cancer patients. Among the possible strategies for preserving fertility such as ovarian tissue cryopreservation, co-treatment with a pharmacological adjuvant is highly effective and poses less of a burden on the human body. Melatonin is generally produced in various tissues and acts as a universally acting antioxidant in cells. Melatonin is now more widely used in various biological processes including treating insomnia and an adjuvant during chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize the information indicating that melatonin may be useful for reducing and preventing premature ovarian failure in chemotherapy-treated female patients. We also mention that many adjuvants other than melatonin are developed and used to inhibit chemotherapy-induced infertility. This information will give us novel insights on the clinical use of melatonin and other agents as fertoprotective adjuvants for female cancer patients.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Female; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Melatonin; Neoplasms; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Protective Agents
PubMed: 28590419
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061221 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Aug 2006To summarize current knowledge about premature ovarian failure (POF) with an emphasis on recent developments regarding its management. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To summarize current knowledge about premature ovarian failure (POF) with an emphasis on recent developments regarding its management.
RECENT FINDINGS
The incidence of POF is increasing largely due to improved survival rates of cancer patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Delayed diagnosis and management of POF leads to suboptimal outcomes. Anticipation and early detection of this condition in high-risk women by means of ovarian function testing, followed by early institution of appropriate management could improve outcomes. Choice of strategies should vary depending on the age of onset, associated symptoms and fertility aspirations of the individual, and should change with the patient's advancing age.
SUMMARY
Early assessment of the individual's risk of developing POF, development of a strategic management plan, and timely commencement of infertility and hormone deficiency treatment, together with counselling in an integrated management plan should improve both the short and long-term health of those with POF.
Topics: Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Follicle; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
PubMed: 16794423
DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000233937.36554.d3