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European Journal of Clinical... Mar 2021This study aimed to investigate the value of high-flow nasal cannula (HNFC) oxygen therapy in treating patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the value of high-flow nasal cannula (HNFC) oxygen therapy in treating patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).
METHODS
The clinical data of 22 patients with severe COVID-19 were collected. The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygenation index (PO /FiO ) at 0, 6, 24 and 72 hours after treatment were compared between the HFNC oxygen therapy group and the conventional oxygen therapy (COT) group. In addition, the white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte (L) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were compared before and at 72 hours after oxygen therapy treatment.
RESULTS
The differences at 0 hours between the two groups were not statistically significant. Compared with COT group,in the HFNC oxygen therapy group, HR, RR and PaO /FiO were better at 6 hours after treatment, PaO /FiO was better at 24 and 72 hours. After 72 hours, L and CRP had improved in the HFNC oxygen therapy group compared with the COT group, but the differences in WBC and PCT were not statistically significant. The length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the total length of hospitalization was shorter in the HFNC oxygen therapy group than in the COT group.
CONCLUSION
Compared with COT, early application of HFNC oxygen therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 can improve oxygenation and RR, and HFNC oxygen therapy can improve the infection indexes of patients and reduce the length of stay in the ICU of patients. Therefore, it has high clinical application value.
Topics: Blood Gas Analysis; C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; Cannula; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Partial Pressure; Procalcitonin; Respiratory Rate; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33068293
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13435 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Mathematical and signal-processing methods were used to obtain reliable measurements of the heartbeat pulse rate and information on oxygen concentration in the blood...
Mathematical and signal-processing methods were used to obtain reliable measurements of the heartbeat pulse rate and information on oxygen concentration in the blood using short video recordings of the index finger attached to a smartphone built-in camera. Various types of smartphones were used with different operating systems (e.g., iOS, Android) and capabilities. A range of processing algorithms were applied to the red-green-blue (RGB) component signals, including mean intensity calculation, moving average smoothing, and quadratic filtering based on the Savitzky-Golay filter. Two approaches-gradient and local maximum methods-were used to determine the pulse rate, which provided similar results. A fast Fourier transform was applied to the signal to correlate the signal's frequency components with the pulse rate. We resolved the signal into its DC and AC components to calculate the ratio-of-ratios of the AC and DC components of the red and green signals, a method which is often used to estimate the oxygen concentration in blood. A series of measurements were performed on healthy human subjects, producing reliable data that compared favorably to benchmark data obtained by commercial and medically approved oximeters. Furthermore, the effect of the video recording duration on the accuracy of the results was investigated.
Topics: Humans; Smartphone; Heart Rate; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Oximetry; Oxygen
PubMed: 36679533
DOI: 10.3390/s23020737 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Mar 2015Apnea is nearly universal among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and the associated bradycardia and desaturation may have detrimental consequences. We describe here...
Apnea is nearly universal among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and the associated bradycardia and desaturation may have detrimental consequences. We describe here very long (>60 s) central apnea events (VLAs) with bradycardia and desaturation, discovered using a computerized detection system applied to our database of over 100 infant years of electronic signals. Eighty-six VLAs occurred in 29 out of 335 VLBW infants. Eighteen of the 29 infants had a clinical event or condition possibly related to the VLA. Most VLAs occurred while infants were on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, supplemental oxygen, and caffeine. Apnea alarms on the bedside monitor activated in 66% of events, on average 28 s after cessation of breathing. Bradycardia alarms activated late, on average 64 s after cessation of breathing. Before VLAs oxygen saturation was unusually high, and during VLAs oxygen saturation and heart rate fell unusually slowly. We give measures of the relative severity of VLAs and theoretical calculations that describe the rate of decrease of oxygen saturation. A clinical conclusion is that very long apnea (VLA) events with bradycardia and desaturation are not rare. Apnea alarms failed to activate for about one-third of VLAs. It appears that neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) personnel respond quickly to bradycardia alarms but not consistently to apnea alarms. We speculate that more reliable apnea detection systems would improve patient safety in the NICU. A physiological conclusion is that the slow decrease of oxygen saturation is consistent with a physiological model based on assumed high values of initial oxygen saturation.
Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxygen; Respiration
PubMed: 25549762
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00144.2014 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Nov 2023In patients with postoperative circulatory instability, the exploration of invasive arterial blood pressure (IABP) monitoring is of great significance because it can... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
In patients with postoperative circulatory instability, the exploration of invasive arterial blood pressure (IABP) monitoring is of great significance because it can provide real-time cardiovascular function information and help medical staff to better assess and manage the patient's circulatory status. To explore the value of IABP monitoring for patients with postoperative circulatory instability in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).
METHODS
From January to December 2021, 160 postoperative patients with circulatory instability were randomly divided into a control group and a study group (80 patients in each group). A random number sequence is generated through a random number table, and random numbers are distributed to different patients to achieve random grouping. SPSS was used for data processing and statistical analysis, t test was used for continuous variables, chi-square test was used for count data, and the significance level was P < .05.We compared various parameters, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), PACU observation time, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), total hospitalization time, heart rate (HR), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), re-intubation rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), adverse events, and blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), between the two groups. Flow cytometry was used to analyze changes in immune lymphocyte subsets in the patient's peripheral blood.
RESULTS
During the postoperative observation period, there were no significant differences in SBP, PaCO2, HR, SaO2, MAP, and PaO2 between the two groups (P > .05)The study group showed higher SBP, SaO2, MAP, and PaO2, and lower HR and PaCO2 compared to the control group (P < .05). The study group also had shorter PACU observation time, total hospitalization time, and a lower re-intubation rate compared to the control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups (7.50% vs 3.75%) (P > .05). The study group showed significantly higher proportions of lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD3+ CD4+ T cells, and CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+ ratio compared to the control group (P < .05). This change may reflect the patients with a positive response of the immune system, help to resist disease progress and infection.
CONCLUSION
IABP monitoring can continuously, dynamically and accurately collect arterial blood pressure data of patients with postoperative circulatory instability, contributing to the recovery of immune competence in patients to help formulate the best clinical treatment and intervention plan. The dynamic and accurate arterial blood pressure data collection provided by IABP monitoring contributes not only to immune competence recovery but also to overall patient management and treatment planning.
Topics: Humans; Arterial Pressure; Blood Pressure; Oxygen; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37652418
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022To explore the correlation between the maximum percentage heart rate and the maximum percentage oxygen intake, provide an evaluation basis for heart rate for the...
To explore the correlation between the maximum percentage heart rate and the maximum percentage oxygen intake, provide an evaluation basis for heart rate for the assessment of exercise load intensity. Four boys and 4 girls were randomly selected, aged 26.25 ± 2.12 years old with good health, good cardiopulmonary function, no other medical history, and irregular physical training history. The subject measured the first 30 min of rest at 25°C at room temperature, kept awake and static, and the heart rate was measured as the quiet heart rate in the state. Prepredicted maximum heart rate and health index were determined according to the Polar s810 heart rate table instructions. Prepredicted maximum heart rate and health index were measured three consecutive times and reliability analysis was performed on three measurements. The regression equations were established by a stepwise method with data represented that all metrics were tested for normality for fitness index and maximum oxygen intake compared using a paired test with a significance level of < 0.05. The results showed that the highest value of VO motor cardiopulmonary test was 47.83 ml/(kg·min), the lowest was 35.06 ml/(kg·min), the two-step test was 44.50 ml/(kg·min), and the lowest was 32.89 ml/(kg min).With a positive correlation between the postexercise heart rate and the maximum oxygen intake, the maximum oxygen intake value can be indirectly inferred using the heart rate after the exercise and the work completed by the exercise. The results measured by two-step test have some accuracy and can be used to speculate the maximum oxygen intake in the ordinary young population. The polar heart rate meter allows subjects to indirectly measure the maximum oxygen intake in silence, requiring less equipment and being easy to operate. The indirect measurement of the maximum oxygen intake can be used for the monitoring of competitive sports and national fitness.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Reproducibility of Results; Respiration; Young Adult
PubMed: 35295176
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6281199 -
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Jun 2019Aircrew training often includes an hypoxic experience aimed at improving symptom recognition and self-rescue in a subsequent hypoxic event. Similar training has been...
BACKGROUND
Aircrew training often includes an hypoxic experience aimed at improving symptom recognition and self-rescue in a subsequent hypoxic event. Similar training has been advocated for rebreather divers. We investigated the effect of a prior hypoxic experience on actual and perceived cognitive function during subsequent hypoxia and measured the physiological responses to severe progressive hypoxia.
METHODS
Twenty-five subjects underwent two hypoxic hypoxia experiences (trials one and two) approximately five weeks apart. Subjects breathed 5.5% oxygen whilst performing a playing card recognition test. The primary endpoint was the time taken to make three consecutive errors in the card recognition test (time of useful consciousness, TUC). Secondary endpoints were the total number of errors made, accuracy of error recollection and physiological variables.
RESULTS
Mean (SD) TUC was 166 seconds (37) and 169 s (35), and subjects made 8.9 (2.4) and 7.8 (2.0) errors in trials one and two respectively. Error recall was identical between trials with participants failing to recall 6 (3) and 6 (2) errors made in trials one and two respectively. Across both trials mean nadir arterial blood and cerebral oxygen saturations were 52% and 49% respectively. The mean (SD) increase in heart rate was 42 (16) beats·min⁻¹.
CONCLUSION
An hypoxic experience did not improve cognitive performance or subject insight into performance in a second exposure five weeks later. Hypoxia imposes a significant physiological stress which may be hazardous in unscreened, non-medically supervised subjects. Hypoxia experience training is not recommended for rebreather divers at this time.
Topics: Diving; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Oxygen
PubMed: 31177517
DOI: 10.28920/dhm49.2.112-118 -
PeerJ 2022The percentages of heart rate (%HRR) or oxygen uptake (%V̇OR) reserve are used interchangeably for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity due to their assumed 1:1...
BACKGROUND
The percentages of heart rate (%HRR) or oxygen uptake (%V̇OR) reserve are used interchangeably for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity due to their assumed 1:1 relationship, although its validity is debated. This study aimed to assess if %HRR and %V̇OR show a 1:1 relationship during steady-state exercise (SSE) and if exercise intensity and duration affect their relationship.
METHODS
Eight physically active males (age 22.6 ± 1.2 years) were enrolled. Pre-exercise and maximal HR and V̇O were assessed on the first day. In the following 4 days, different SSEs were performed (running) combining the following randomly assigned durations and intensities: 15 min, 45 min, 60% HRR, 80% HRR. Post-exercise maximal HR and V̇O were assessed after each SSE. Using pre-exercise and post-exercise maximal values, the average HR and V̇O of the last 5 min of each SSE were converted into percentages of the reserves (%RES), which were computed in a 3-way RM-ANOVA ( = 0.05) to assess if they were affected by the prescription parameter (HRR or V̇OR), exercise intensity (60% or 80% HRR), and duration (15 or 45 min).
RESULTS
The %RES values were not affected by the prescription parameter ( = 0.056) or its interactions with intensity ( = 0.319) or duration and intensity ( = 0.117), while parameter and duration interaction was significant ( = 0.009). %HRRs and %V̇ORs did not differ in the 15-min SSEs (mean difference [MD] = 0.7 percentage points, = 0.717), whereas %HRR was higher than %V̇OR in the 45-min SSEs (MD = 6.7 percentage points, = 0.009).
CONCLUSION
SSE duration affects the %HRR-%V̇OR relationship, with %HRRs higher than %V̇ORs in SSEs of longer duration.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Oxygen Consumption; Exercise; Oxygen
PubMed: 35497191
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13190 -
Physiological Reports Apr 2022Exposure to high altitude induces a decrease in oxygen pressure and saturation in the arterial blood, which is aggravated by exercise. Heart rate (HR) at maximal...
Exposure to high altitude induces a decrease in oxygen pressure and saturation in the arterial blood, which is aggravated by exercise. Heart rate (HR) at maximal exercise decreases when altitude increases in prolonged exposure to hypoxia. We developed a simple model of myocardial oxygenation in order to demonstrate that the observed blunting of maximal HR at high altitude is necessary for the maintenance of a normal myocardial oxygenation. Using data from the available scientific literature, we estimated the myocardial venous oxygen pressure and saturation at maximal exercise in two conditions: (1) with actual values of maximal HR (decreasing with altitude); (2) with sea-level values of maximal heart rate, whatever the altitude (no change in HR). We demonstrated that, in the absence of autoregulation of maximal HR, myocardial tissue oxygenation would be incompatible with life above 6200 m-7600 m, depending on the hypothesis concerning a possible increase in coronary reserve (increase in coronary blood flow at exercise). The decrease in maximal HR at high altitude could be explained by several biological mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system and its receptors on myocytes. These experimental and clinical observations support the hypothesis that there exists an integrated system at the cellular level, which protects the myocardium from a hazardous disequilibrium between O supply and O consumption at high altitude.
Topics: Altitude; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Myocardium; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 35439356
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15262 -
Journal of Endodontics Feb 2021The present study aimed to evaluate anxiety in patients and to monitor their heart rate (HR) and blood oxygenation (SpO) before, during, and after a root canal treatment... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Dental Anxiety, Fear, and Root Canal Treatment Monitoring of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Patients Treated during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: An Observational Clinical Study.
INTRODUCTION
The present study aimed to evaluate anxiety in patients and to monitor their heart rate (HR) and blood oxygenation (SpO) before, during, and after a root canal treatment (RCT) during the state of alarm in 2 different periods of strict and partial confinement.
METHODS
The patients who required a primary RCT were selected. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables were registered, including perceived dental anxiety, fear, HR, and SpO. Spearman correlation, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for frequency distribution and variable interaction, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare HR and SpO between groups and different treatment points.
RESULTS
Ninety-six patients were included. The median Modified Dental Anxiety Scale scores were 8 (interquartile range [IQR], 6-9.25) and 6 (IQR, 5.5-8) in patients treated during the strict and partial confinement periods. The median fear scores were 2 (IQR, 0-5) and 3 (IQR, 1-5), respectively. Having a previous dental bad experience resulted in higher dental anxiety and fear (P < .05). HR was increased in patients with higher MDAS and fear scores and in those treated during the strict confinement (P < .05). In treatment time points T6 (x-ray taking), and T7 (post-treatment), HR decreased compared with the other evaluated treatment time points (P < .05). No clinical differences were found regarding SpO.
CONCLUSIONS
Self-perception on dental anxiety and fear was similar to other studies in a nonpandemic context. Patients with higher levels of dental anxiety and those treated in the strict confinement period presented an elevated HR. However, it can be stated that RCT performed by endodontists does not result in a significant alteration in patients.
Topics: COVID-19; Dental Anxiety; Dental Pulp Cavity; Heart Rate; Humans; Oxygen; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33161001
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.10.024 -
Anaesthesia Aug 1996Hypoxaemia following surgery is common and may be prolonged and severe. The thresholds for deleterious effects of hypoxaemia on the heart and central nervous system are... (Review)
Review
Hypoxaemia following surgery is common and may be prolonged and severe. The thresholds for deleterious effects of hypoxaemia on the heart and central nervous system are reviewed and the problems of assessment of the adequacy of tissue oxygenation are outlined. Recommendations for postoperative oxygen therapy are made.
Topics: Brain; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Myocardial Ischemia; Oximetry; Oxygen; Postoperative Complications; Unconsciousness
PubMed: 8795322
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07893.x