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Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Apr 2021The term "symmetrical palatal fibromatosis" was recently suggested to designate bilateral palatal lesions presenting as typically broad, "mirror" images on the posterior...
BACKGROUND
The term "symmetrical palatal fibromatosis" was recently suggested to designate bilateral palatal lesions presenting as typically broad, "mirror" images on the posterior lateral region of the hard palate.
PURPOSE
We report an additional case of this as-yet poorly understood oral lesion in a 67-year-old male patient, with emphasis on differential diagnoses and immunohistochemical characterization.
CASE REPORT
The histopathological examination demonstrated a hypocellular, fibrous connective tissue with prominent thick collagen bundles and few blood vessels. Scattered large, stellate, and sometimes binucleated fibroblasts were found. Immunohistochemistry was positive for vimentin and negative for smooth muscle actin, S-100, desmin, HHF-35, AE1-AE3, Factor XIIIa, CD68, and FOSL1. This is the second study to show the immunohistochemical profile, with emphasis in FOSL1, of an additional case of symmetrical palatal fibromatosis.
CONCLUSIONS
We encourage further reports about this entity, especially in relation to immunohistochemical and molecular features, so far poorly described, but very important for better recognition of this entity. Palate, symmetrical palatal fibromatosis, desmoplastic fibroblastoma, immunohistochemistry.
PubMed: 33841744
DOI: 10.4317/jced.57732 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Malocclusion during childhood may affect both morphology and masticatory function and could greatly affect the subsequent growth and development of the jaws and face....
Malocclusion during childhood may affect both morphology and masticatory function and could greatly affect the subsequent growth and development of the jaws and face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of surface electromyography in describing the effects of the rapid palatal expansion (RPE) on Masseter (M) and Temporalis Anterior (T) muscles' activity in 53 children with different types of malocclusion: bilateral posterior crossbite (BPcb), underdeveloped maxillary complex without crossbite (NOcb) and unilateral posterior crossbite on the right (UPCBr) and on the left (UPCBl). The muscular activities during chewing tasks were assessed bilaterally before and after RPE application and three months after removal. Both the envelope's peak (µV) and its occurrence (% of chewing task) were extracted from the surface electromyography signal. Our results showed the presence of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) on temporomandibular joint muscles, across different assessments, in all the tested populations of subjects. Surface electromyography demonstrated a relationship between the correction of a maxillary transverse discrepancy and the restoration of a muscle's activation patterns comparable to healthy subjects for both T and M.
Topics: Child; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Masseter Muscle; Palatal Expansion Technique; Temporal Muscle
PubMed: 32272810
DOI: 10.3390/s20072086 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jul 2017A diagnostic feature of temnospondyls is the presence of an open palate with large interpterygoid vacuities, unlike the closed palate of most other early tetrapods, in...
A diagnostic feature of temnospondyls is the presence of an open palate with large interpterygoid vacuities, unlike the closed palate of most other early tetrapods, in which the vacuities are either slit-like or completely absent. Attachment sites on neurocranium and palatal bones in temnospondyls allow the reconstruction of a powerful m. retractor bulbi and a large, sheet-like m. levator bulbi that formed the elastic floor of the orbit. This muscle arrangement indicates that temnospondyls were able to retract the eyeballs through the interpterygoid vacuities into the buccal cavity, like extant frogs and salamanders. In contrast, attachment sites on palate and neurocranium suggest a rather sauropsid-like arrangement of these muscles in stem-tetrapods and stem-amniotes. However, the anteriorly enlarged, huge interpterygoid vacuities of long-snouted stereospondyls suggest that eye retraction was not the only function of the vacuities here, since the eye-muscles filled only the posterior part of the vacuities. We propose an association of the vacuities in temnospondyls with a long, preorbital part of the m. adductor mandibulae internus (AMIa). The trochlea-like, anterior edge of the adductor chamber suggests that a tendon of the AMIa was redirected in an anteromedial direction in the preorbital skull and dorsal to the pterygoids. This tendon then unfolded into a wide aponeurosis bearing the flattened AMIa that filled almost the complete interpterygoid vacuities anterior to the orbits. Our muscle reconstructions permit comprehensive insights to the comparative soft tissue anatomy of early tetrapods and provide the basis for a biomechanic analysis of biting performances in the future. Anat Rec, 300:1240-1269, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Eye; Fossils; Jaw; Oculomotor Muscles; Palate; Skull; Vertebrates
PubMed: 28220619
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23582 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2018Adult mammalian craniofacial tissues contain limited numbers of post-migratory neural crest-derived stem cells. Similar to their embryonic counterparts, these adult...
Adult mammalian craniofacial tissues contain limited numbers of post-migratory neural crest-derived stem cells. Similar to their embryonic counterparts, these adult multipotent stem cells can undergo multi-lineage differentiation and are capable of contributing to regeneration of mesodermal and ectodermal cells and tissues . In the present study, we describe for the first time the presence of Nestin-positive neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) within the ovine hard palate. We show that these cells can be isolated from the palatal tissue and are able to form neurospheres. Ovine NCSCs express the typical neural crest markers Slug and Twist, exhibit high proliferative and migratory activity and are able to differentiate into α smooth muscle cells and β-III-tubulin expressing ectodermal cells. Finally, we demonstrate that oNCSCs are capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that oNCSCs could be used as model cells to assess the efficacy and safety of autologous NCSC transplantation in a large animal model.
PubMed: 29696142
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00039 -
International Journal of Oral Science Feb 2018Prompted by a unique case of an ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) of the palate in a 54-year-old female, we reviewed the English and German literature on this... (Review)
Review
Prompted by a unique case of an ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) of the palate in a 54-year-old female, we reviewed the English and German literature on this entity until the end of 2016 using PubMed. The search produced 74 lingual cases with a nearly equal sex distribution and a mean age of 39.3 years, and two extra-lingual cases sharing histological and immunohistological features including nodular growth, round, fusiform or spindle-shaped cellular architecture, and chondromyxoid stroma. Immunophenotyping showed the majority of cases to be positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, glycoprotein CD57, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA); in isolated cases there was molecular-genetic rearrangement or gain of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) but no rearrangement of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). At present, ectomesenchymal cells that migrate from the neural crest are considered to play a pivotal role in tumor origin. All cases had a benign course, although there were three recurrences. Because of the rarity of this tumor and the need for differential diagnostic differentiation from myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma, both oral surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this entity.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Chondroma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Palatal Neoplasms
PubMed: 29491357
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-017-0003-9 -
PloS One 2013Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) encodes a highly conserved helix-turn-helix DNA binding protein and is a member of the interferon regulatory family of DNA...
Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) encodes a highly conserved helix-turn-helix DNA binding protein and is a member of the interferon regulatory family of DNA transcription factors. Mutations in IRF6 lead to isolated and syndromic forms of cleft lip and palate, most notably Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Ptyerigium Syndrome (PPS). Mice lacking both copies of Irf6 have severe limb, skin, palatal and esophageal abnormalities, due to significantly altered and delayed epithelial development. However, a recent report showed that MCS9.7, an enhancer near Irf6, is active in the tongue, suggesting that Irf6 may also be expressed in the tongue. Indeed, we detected Irf6 staining in the mesoderm-derived muscle during development of the tongue. Dual labeling experiments demonstrated that Irf6 was expressed only in the Myf5+ cell lineage, which originates from the segmental paraxial mesoderm and gives rise to the muscles of the tongue. Fate mapping of the segmental paraxial mesoderm cells revealed a cell-autonomous Irf6 function with reduced and poorly organized Myf5+ cell lineage in the tongue. Molecular analyses showed that the Irf6-/- embryos had aberrant cytoskeletal formation of the segmental paraxial mesoderm in the tongue. Fate mapping of the cranial neural crest cells revealed non-cell-autonomous Irf6 function with the loss of the inter-molar eminence. Loss of Irf6 function altered Bmp2, Bmp4, Shh, and Fgf10 signaling suggesting that these genes are involved in Irf6 signaling. Based on these data, Irf6 plays important cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles in muscular differentiation and cytoskeletal formation in the tongue.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; Cell Lineage; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; Hedgehog Proteins; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hyaluronic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Interferon Regulatory Factors; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Thymosin; Tongue
PubMed: 23451037
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056270 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The presence of posterior crossbite can trigger aesthetic and functional changes as mandibular asymmetry in individuals, contributing to asymmetrical muscle function....
BACKGROUND
The presence of posterior crossbite can trigger aesthetic and functional changes as mandibular asymmetry in individuals, contributing to asymmetrical muscle function. Mandibular asymmetry and respective condyle adaptation may be an etiological factor in temporomandibular disorder. This study aims to evaluate the effects of maxillary expansion on the position and angulation of the condyles as well as the intercondylar distance in children with cleft lip and palate.
METHODS
Twenty-five individuals with cleft lip and palate who underwent maxillary expansion were selected. Condylar changes were evaluated by cone beam computed tomography using the Pullinger and Hollender formula. To determine the statistically significant differences between the variables, the Student t-test and the Benjamini-Hochberg correction method for multiple comparisons were used.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences between angulation and condylar position before and after maxillary expansion were found. The intercondylar distance tended to increase in growing individuals with cleft lip and palate after maxillary expansion.
CONCLUSIONS
Intercondylar distance shows a tendency to increase after expansion regardless of the cleft phenotype. No differences were found in angulation and condylar position with the changes in occlusion resulting from maxillary expansion.
PubMed: 35735589
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7020073 -
Nature May 2018The skull of living birds is greatly modified from the condition found in their dinosaurian antecedents. Bird skulls have an enlarged, toothless premaxillary beak and an...
The skull of living birds is greatly modified from the condition found in their dinosaurian antecedents. Bird skulls have an enlarged, toothless premaxillary beak and an intricate kinetic system that includes a mobile palate and jaw suspensorium. The expanded avian neurocranium protects an enlarged brain and is flanked by reduced jaw adductor muscles. However, the order of appearance of these features and the nature of their earliest manifestations remain unknown. The Late Cretaceous toothed bird Ichthyornis dispar sits in a pivotal phylogenetic position outside living groups: it is close to the extant avian radiation but retains numerous ancestral characters. Although its evolutionary importance continues to be affirmed, no substantial new cranial material of I. dispar has been described beyond incomplete remains recovered in the 1870s. Jurassic and Cretaceous Lagerstätten have yielded important avialan fossils, but their skulls are typically crushed and distorted . Here we report four three-dimensionally preserved specimens of I. dispar-including an unusually complete skull-as well as two previously overlooked elements from the Yale Peabody Museum holotype, YPM 1450. We used these specimens to generate a nearly complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the I. dispar skull using high-resolution computed tomography. Our study reveals that I. dispar had a transitional beak-small, lacking a palatal shelf and restricted to the tips of the jaws-coupled with a kinetic system similar to that of living birds. The feeding apparatus of extant birds therefore evolved earlier than previously thought and its components were functionally and developmentally coordinated. The brain was relatively modern, but the temporal region was unexpectedly dinosaurian: it retained a large adductor chamber bounded dorsally by substantial bony remnants of the ancestral reptilian upper temporal fenestra. This combination of features documents that important attributes of the avian brain and palate evolved before the reduction of jaw musculature and the full transformation of the beak.
Topics: Animals; Beak; Birds; Dinosaurs; Fossils; Head; Jaw; Phylogeny; Skull
PubMed: 29720636
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0053-y -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... May 2018To investigate the dimensions of the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle in adults with and without cleft palate. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the dimensions of the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle in adults with and without cleft palate.
DESIGN
Prospective study.
PARTICIPANTS
There were a total of 14 adult participants, 8 noncleft and 6 with cleft palate.
METHODS
Analysis and comparison of the TVP muscle and surrounding structures was completed using 3D MRI data and Amira 5.5 Visualization Modeling software. TVP muscle volume, hamular process distance, mucosal thickness, TVP muscle length, and TVP muscle diameter were used for comparison between participant groups based upon previous research methods.
RESULTS
Mann-Whitney U tests revealed a significantly smaller ( U < .001, P = .002) TVP muscle volume in the cleft palate group (median = 536.22 mm) compared to individuals in the non-cleft palate group (median = 895.19 mm). The TVP muscle was also significantly shorter ( U = 1.00, P = .003) in the cleft palate group (median = 18.04 mm) versus the non-cleft palate (median = 21.18 mm). No significant differences were noted for the other measured parameters.
CONCLUSION
Significant differences in the TVP muscle volume and length among the noncleft participants found in this study may insights into the reported increased incidence of otitis media with effusion (OME) seen in the cleft population. Results from this study contribute to our understanding of the underlying anatomic differences among individuals with cleft palate.
Topics: Adult; Cleft Palate; Eustachian Tube; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Palatal Muscles; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 29360409
DOI: 10.1177/1055665617752802 -
The European Respiratory Journal Apr 1996The intrinsic tongue muscle, genioglossus, and soft palatal muscles, tensor palatini, levator palatini and palatoglossus, are known to exhibit phasic respiratory...
The intrinsic tongue muscle, genioglossus, and soft palatal muscles, tensor palatini, levator palatini and palatoglossus, are known to exhibit phasic respiratory activity and to respond reflexly to negative pressure in man, which may be important in the maintenance of upper airway patency. We hypothesized that the palatopharyngeus muscle should also have respiratory activity and increased activity in response to negative upper airway pressure. We have, therefore, examined the palatopharyngeus and the antagonist muscle, levator palatini, in eight awake sleep apnoea patients, using bipolar electromyography during nose- or mouth-breathing in different postures, and with or without application of negative pressure. Overall, palatopharyngeus and levator palatini demonstrated phasic respiratory activity. Palatopharyngeus demonstrated increased activity in the supine compared to erect posture. Analysis by route of respiration showed palatopharyngeus to be more active in the supine posture when nose-breathing compared to mouth-breathing. Graded negative pressure application caused significant increases in palatopharyngeus and levator palatini activity when applied via the mouth. Nasal negative pressure application caused a nonsignificant trend to increasing palatopharyngeus activity with increasing negative pressure compared to a significant increase for levator palatini. We conclude that palatopharyngeus and levator palatini demonstrate respiratory activity and reflex activation in response to negative pressure. Palatopharyngeus may, therefore, have a role as an upper airway dilator. The differential response of palatopharyngeus to oral and nasal negative pressure application may be important in the pathogenesis of sleep apnoea.
Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Palatal Muscles; Posture; Respiration; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
PubMed: 8726945
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09040773