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Pancreas Aug 2013Proteomics is an approach to looking at the identity, amount, proteolysis, compartmentalization, and posttranslational modification of a large number of proteins... (Review)
Review
Proteomics is an approach to looking at the identity, amount, proteolysis, compartmentalization, and posttranslational modification of a large number of proteins simultaneously in a cell or tissue. Recently, proteomics has begun to be applied to the study of pancreatitis to ascertain mechanisms of disease and search for biomarkers of disease. Most mechanistic work has been carried out in animal models of acute pancreatitis. In 8 studies, 97 proteins have been reported to increase, 55 to decrease, and 23 to undergo proteolysis. Proteins showing increases are most often related to stress, inflammation, or the cytoskeleton, whereas decreases are seen in digestive enzymes and proteins related to metabolism. Many protein changes however, are not consistent between studies and only the most recent studies are rigorous and quantitative. By contrast, biomarker studies have focused on pancreatic juice and plasma of humans with disease and often are directed at distinguishing chronic pancreatitis from cancer. Chronic pancreatitis has also been investigated in tissue sections of histological samples. In this review, the results of studies to date are described as well as coverage of the methods used and special issues that must be considered. Areas are pointed out that are worthy of future study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Humans; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Proteome; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 23851428
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31828fddc3 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Dec 2018pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is an important predictor of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). This study aimed to determine the role of PJC for...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is an important predictor of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). This study aimed to determine the role of PJC for the prediction of malignant IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous cancer [IPMC]).
METHODS
medical records of IPMN patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2016 at the Nagasaki University Hospital were reviewed. Patients who underwent preoperative PJC were classified as high risk stigmata (HRS), worrisome features (WF) and no-criteria, based on imaging criteria. PJC class III or higher was considered as positive and only invasive IPMN was defined as IPMC. PJC was validated in each group with regard to sensitivity, specificity, accuracy with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS
preoperative pancreatic juice was obtained in 33/52 IPMN patients; only patients with adequate aspirate for cytology (n = 29) were included. In the HRS group (n = 9), 4/6 non-IPMC had a negative PJC and 3/3 IPMC had a positive PJC. In the WF group (n = 17), 9/11 non-IPMC had a negative PJC and 3/6 IPMC had a positive PJC. Adding PJC to imaging results improved the AUROCs of HRS and WF from 0.63 and 0.62 to 0.83 and 0.66, respectively. PJC was negative in all no-criteria cases (n = 3; one IPMC and two non-IPMC). In all 29 patients, PJC sensitivity was 60% (95% CI: 26%-88%), specificity was 79% (95% CI: 54%-94%), accuracy was 72% (95% CI: 63%-89%) and the AUROC was 0.69 (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
PJC is a statistically significant IPMC predictor that can improve the validity of imaging for IPMC prediction.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms; Pancreatic Juice; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30168338
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2018.5564/2018 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Feb 2016Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are a frequent complication of pancreatitis. It is important to classify PFCs to guide management. The revised Atlanta criteria... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) are a frequent complication of pancreatitis. It is important to classify PFCs to guide management. The revised Atlanta criteria classifies PFCs as acute or chronic, with chronic fluid collections subdivided into pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Establishing adequate nutritional support is an essential step in the management of PFCs. Early attempts at oral feeding can be trialed in patients with mild pancreatitis. Enteral feeding should be implemented in patients with moderate to severe pancreatitis. Jejunal feeding remains the preferred route of enteral nutrition. Symptomatic PFCs require drainage; options include surgical, percutaneous, or endoscopic approaches. With the advent of newer and more advanced endoscopic tools and expertise, and an associated reduction in health care costs, minimally invasive endoscopic drainage has become the preferable approach. An endoscopic ultrasonography-guided approach using a seldinger technique is the preferred endoscopic approach. Both plastic stents and metal stents are efficacious and safe; however, metal stents may offer an advantage, especially in infected pseudocysts and in WOPN. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy is often required in WOPN. Lumen apposing metal stents that allow for direct endoscopic necrosectomy and debridement through the stent lumen are preferred in these patients. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography with pancreatic duct (PD) exploration should be performed concurrent to PFC drainage. PD disruption is associated with an increased severity of pancreatitis, an increased risk of recurrent attacks of pancreatitis and long-term complications, and a decreased rate of PFC resolution after drainage. Any pancreatic ductal disruption should be bridged with endoscopic stenting.
Topics: Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Debridement; Drainage; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Necrosis; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Pancreatitis; Severity of Illness Index; Stents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26900288
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2256 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2020Lycopene is one of the carotenoids often consumed by humans in their diet. Although lycopene exists mainly in the form of the all E-isomer in foods, the considerable...
Lycopene is one of the carotenoids often consumed by humans in their diet. Although lycopene exists mainly in the form of the all E-isomer in foods, the considerable quantity of its Z-isomers is found in the human plasma and liver. This observation suggested that the lycopene all-E-isomer was converted into Z-isomers in the human body. In this study, the Z-isomerization of the all-E-isomer was induced in vitro by the pancreatic juice and small intestinal homogenate of male rats under the conditions of 37 °C, pH = 7.5, nitrogen and darkness, as well as shaking. After 2 hours, the proportion of the all E-isomer decreased to 25% and Z-isomer amounts increased relatively. The converted products were identified as 5, 9, and 11 Z-isomers by electronic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The observations from this experiment suggested that the Z-isomerization site of the lycopene all E-isomer was located in the small intestinal wall of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Intestines; Isomerism; Lycopene; Male; Pancreatic Juice; Rats; Tissue Extracts
PubMed: 32561794
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67093-4 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2011To investigate the markers of pancreatic diseases and provide basic data and experimental methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
AIM
To investigate the markers of pancreatic diseases and provide basic data and experimental methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
METHODS
There were 15 patients in the present study, among whom 10 had pancreatic cancer and 5, chronic pancreatitis. In all patients, pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis was located on the head of the pancreas. Pathology data of all patients was confirmed by biopsy and surgery. Among the 10 patients with pancreatic cancer, 3 people had a medical history of long-term alcohol consumption. Of 5 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 4 men suffered from alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic juice samples were obtained from patients by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. Magnetic resonance spectroscopyn was performed on an 11.7-T scanner (Bruker DRX-500) using Call-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences. The parameters were as follows: spectral width, 15 KHz; time domain, 64 K; number of scans, 512; and acquisition time, 2.128 s.
RESULTS
The main component of pancreatic juice included leucine, iso-leucine, valine, lactate, alanine, acetate, aspartate, lysine, glycine, threonine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. On performing 1D (1)H and 2D total correlation spectroscopy, we found a triplet peak at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm, which only appeared in the spectra of pancreatic juice obtained from patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. This triplet peak was considered the resonance of the methyl of ethoxy group, which may be associated with the metabolism of alcohol in the pancreas.
CONCLUSION
The triplet peak, at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm is likely to be the characteristic metabolite of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis, Chronic
PubMed: 21547133
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2126 -
Pancreas Jan 2018Secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice is collected from the duodenum and analyzed to identify biomarkers of pancreatic neoplasia, but the optimal duration of pancreatic...
OBJECTIVE
Secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice is collected from the duodenum and analyzed to identify biomarkers of pancreatic neoplasia, but the optimal duration of pancreatic juice collection is not known.
METHODS
We compared the yield of KRAS mutations detected in pancreatic juice samples aspirated from near the duodenal papilla at 1 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 15 minutes after secretin infusion, and from the third part of the duodenum (at 15 minutes) from 45 patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound pancreatic surveillance. KRAS mutation concentrations were measured by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Forty of 45 patients had KRAS mutations detected in their pancreatic juice, and most patients' juice samples had more than 1 KRAS mutation. Of 106 KRAS mutations detected in 171 pancreatic juice samples, 58 were detected in the 5-minute samples, 70 mutations were detected in the 10-minute samples, and 65 were detected in the 15-minute samples. Nine patients who did not have KRAS mutations detected in their 5-minute sample had mutations detected in samples collected at later time points. Ninety-percent of all pancreatic juice mutations detected in any sample were detected in the 5- or 10-minute samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Collecting pancreatic juice for 10 minutes after secretin infusion increases the likelihood of detecting pancreatic juice mutations over shorter collections.
Topics: Aged; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Time Factors
PubMed: 29200129
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000956 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Jan 1982Determinations were made of the Zn and Mg contents of pancreatic juice in 12 cases undergoing external pancreatic duct drainage following pancreaticoduodenectomy in...
Determinations were made of the Zn and Mg contents of pancreatic juice in 12 cases undergoing external pancreatic duct drainage following pancreaticoduodenectomy in order to investigate the output and excretion pattern of trace elements in pancreatic juice and also to study their relations to pancreatic enzyme secretion and fibrosis of the pancreas. THe results indicate that the output of Zn in pancreatic juice ran parallel with amylase activity and was closely related to secretion of pancreatic enzymes. Relatively smaller variations were noted of the Mg content in pancreatic juice during the postoperative course, with the pattern of Mg excretion in pancreatic juice being dependent upon the volume of pancreatic juice secreted. The output of both Zn and Mg in pancreatic juice correlated with the volume of the residual pancreatic parenchyma. The amylase/Zn concentration ratio of pancreatic juice remained stationary postoperatively in all cases and was shown to have a negative correlation with the pancreatic parenchymal ratio. The findings suggest that the amylase/Zn concentration ratio can be a reliable indication of the degree of pancreatic fibrosis or of pancreatic exocrine function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amylases; Circadian Rhythm; Duodenum; Humans; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Juice; Zinc
PubMed: 6176047
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.136.11 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2019Reliable methods are needed to identify patients with early-stage cancer or high-grade precancerous lesions in the pancreas. Analysis of pancreatic juice to detect...
BACKGROUND
Reliable methods are needed to identify patients with early-stage cancer or high-grade precancerous lesions in the pancreas. Analysis of pancreatic juice to detect somatic mutations could represent one such approach. Here we investigated the concordance between mutations found in the primary tumor and pancreatic juice from the same patient.
METHODS
Amplicon-based targeted deep sequencing was performed on samples from 21 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who had undergone Whipple's operation. Mutation profiles were determined in formalin-fixed sections of the primary tumor and in pancreatic juice sampled from the main pancreatic duct during surgery.
RESULTS
Using a cut-off of 3% for variant allele frequency, KRAS mutations were detected in 20/21 primary tumors (95%) and in 15/21 (71%) juice samples. When also considering low-frequency variants, KRAS mutations were found in 20/21 juice samples. Most juice samples exhibited multiple KRAS variants not seen in the primary tumor, and only in 11 cases (52%) did the most abundant variant of the juice correspond to the KRAS mutation detected in the tumor. TP53 mutations were found in 16 tumors (76%) and six juice samples (29%). Among the positive juice samples, only one exhibited more than a single TP53 mutation. Detection of both KRAS and TP53 mutations was fully concordant in the primary tumor and juice sample in 7/21 cases (33%).
CONCLUSIONS
Pancreatic juice from PDAC patients is rich in KRAS mutations often not seen in the primary tumor and possibly reflecting precancerous lesions in other regions of the pancreas. The inclusion of TP53 mutation detection and additional markers must therefore be considered for fully exploiting the clinical potential of pancreatic juice samples in early cancer detection.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Gene Frequency; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 30611220
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5195-7 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2016Pancreatic secretions have an important role in the regulation of a normal nutritional state but can be altered owing to a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms in... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic secretions have an important role in the regulation of a normal nutritional state but can be altered owing to a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms in the context of exocrine pancreatic disease. The development of an endoscopic technique for collection of pancreatic fluid, termed endoscopic pancreatic function testing, has led to improved understanding of these alterations and is particularly helpful to characterize chronic pancreatitis. In addition, investigators have found endoscopically collected pancreatic fluid to be a valuable biofluid for the purposes of translational science. Techniques such as proteomic, cytokine, genetic mutation, DNA methylation, and microRNA analyses, among others, can be utilized to gain a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of chronic pancreatitis and other pancreatic diseases. Endoscopic collection of pancreatic fluid is safe and relatively straightforward, permitting opportunities for longitudinal analysis of these translational markers throughout the course of disease. This manuscript summarizes our current knowledge of pancreatic fluid, with an emphasis on proper techniques for sample collection and handling, its clinical utility, and preliminary observations in translational science.
Topics: Cytokines; DNA Methylation; DNA Mutational Analysis; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; MicroRNAs; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Proteomics; Secretin
PubMed: 27481304
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.297 -
Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 1998The secretion of zinc and the level of carboxypeptidase A and B activity in pancreatic juice were studied in three pigs fitted with a pancreatic pouch re-entrant cannula...
The secretion of zinc and the level of carboxypeptidase A and B activity in pancreatic juice were studied in three pigs fitted with a pancreatic pouch re-entrant cannula (PM pigs) and three different pigs with a catheter surgically implanted in their pancreatic duct (CM pigs). The zinc in the pancreatic juice appeared to be primarily associated with carboxypeptidase A and B. Both the concentration of zinc in pancreatic juice and the daily secretion of zinc in PM pigs were greater than in CM pigs. However, compared to the daily intake of zinc, its secretion in pancreatic juice was low. The specific activity levels of carboxypeptidase A and B in pancreatic juice collected from PM pigs were higher than in CM pigs. The total activity of carboxypeptidase A in pancreatic juice did not differ between collection methods. The total activity of carboxypeptidase B was higher in pancreatic juice collected from PM than from CM pigs. The differences in zinc and carboxypeptidase secretion between PM and CM pigs were probably due to physiological changes induced following the different surgical preparations of the animals.
Topics: Animals; Carboxypeptidase B; Carboxypeptidases; Carboxypeptidases A; Catheterization; Catheters, Indwelling; Circadian Rhythm; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Swine; Zinc
PubMed: 9795983
DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19980404