-
Gut May 1972
Review
Topics: Amylases; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chymotrypsin; Chymotrypsinogen; Diet; Duodenum; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestine, Small; Lipase; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Stomach; Trypsin; Trypsinogen
PubMed: 4556424
DOI: 10.1136/gut.13.5.398 -
Oncology 2017Repeated pancreatic juice cytology via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) has a high diagnostic yield and might be useful for the diagnosis of early-stage...
Repeated pancreatic juice cytology via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) has a high diagnostic yield and might be useful for the diagnosis of early-stage pancreatic cancer. A 67-year-old man presented with a pancreatic cyst occasionally detectable in the body of the pancreas by ultrasonography (US). No obvious pancreatic tumor was detected by US, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) (although the latter did reveal a weak, low echoic area). Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) at the pancreatic body. Pancreatic juice cytology was also performed, but did not give evidence of a malignancy. Therefore, the patient was followed up. CT and EUS performed after 3 months showed the same findings as did endoscopic retrograde pancreatography; however, the results of repeated pancreatic juice cytology performed via ENPD tube revealed a suspected malignancy on 2 of 6 occasions. Therefore, we performed a central pancreatectomy. Histopathological examination of a resected specimen revealed carcinoma in situ in the narrow MPD at the body of the pancreas. In the current case, repeated pancreatic juice cytology via ENPD was effective. A weak low echoic area around the MPD stricture on EUS might be related to the inflammatory change accompanying carcinoma in situ of the pancreas.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma in Situ; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 29258095
DOI: 10.1159/000481240 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jun 2013Imaging tests can identify patients with pancreatic neoplastic cysts but not microscopic dysplasia. We investigated whether mutant TP53 can be detected in duodenal...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Imaging tests can identify patients with pancreatic neoplastic cysts but not microscopic dysplasia. We investigated whether mutant TP53 can be detected in duodenal samples of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice, and whether this assay can be used to screen for high-grade dysplasia and invasive pancreatic cancer.
METHODS
We determined the prevalence of mutant TP53 in microdissected pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and invasive adenocarcinomas. TP53 mutations were quantified by digital high-resolution melt-curve analysis and sequencing of secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice samples, collected from duodena of 180 subjects enrolled in Cancer of the Pancreas Screening trials; patients were enrolled because of familial and/or inherited predisposition to pancreatic cancer, or as controls.
RESULTS
TP53 mutations were identified in 9.1% of intermediate-grade IPMNs (2 of 22), 17.8% of PanIN-2 (8 of 45), 38.1% of high-grade IPMNs (8 of 21), 47.6% of PanIN-3 (10 of 21), and 75% of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinomas (15 of 20); no TP53 mutations were found in PanIN-1 lesions or low-grade IPMNs. TP53 mutations were detected in duodenal samples of pancreatic juice from 29 of 43 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (67.4% sensitivity; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.80) and 4 of 8 patients with high-grade lesions (PanIN-3 and high-grade IPMN). No TP53 mutations were identified in samples from 58 controls or 55 screened individuals without evidence of advanced lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
We detected mutant TP53 in secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice samples collected from duodena of patients with high-grade dysplasia or invasive pancreatic cancer. Tests for mutant TP53 might be developed to improve the diagnosis of and screening for pancreatic cancer and high-grade dysplasia. Clinical Trial numbers: NCT00438906 and NCT00714701.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutant Proteins; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 23200980
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.11.016 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Dec 2008The adhesion of six different Lactobacillus and Lactococcus and three pathogenic Escherichia and Salmonella strains was studied using Caco-2 cell line. In this in vitro...
The adhesion of six different Lactobacillus and Lactococcus and three pathogenic Escherichia and Salmonella strains was studied using Caco-2 cell line. In this in vitro model system the influence of weak electric field (EF) on bacterial adhesion was tested. The EF source was the in vitro reconstruction of spiking potentials recorded in the duodenum of a healthy calf during one myoelectrical migration complex (MMC) cycle. The ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells of bacteria belonging to two groups, Gram-positive lactobacilli and lactococci, and Gram-negative Escherichia and Salmonella differed considerably. The pathogenic bacteria adhered better to well-differentiated Caco-2 cells whereas lactobacilli and lactococci displayed better adhesion to non-differentiated Caco-2 cells. In the presence of MMC-related EF an increased adhesion of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus but not of Salmonella enterica s. Enteritidis and E. coli 269 to Caco-2 cells was observed. Two later strains adhered even less in the presence of EF. The same tendency was found in the presence of pancreatic juice in a cell medium. In conclusion, the myoelectric component of the small intestinal motility, the MMC-related EF, and pancreatic juice may increase the ability of lactic acid bacteria to adhere to GI epithelial cells, creating better environmental conditions for colonization of the intestine and competition with Gram-negative pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Caco-2 Cells; Cattle; Electric Stimulation; Escherichia; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; Pancreatic Juice; Salmonella
PubMed: 19212012
DOI: No ID Found -
Gut Oct 1979Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pure pancreatic juice from 14 healthy normal subjects, 11 chronic alcoholics without detectable pancreatic disease, 15 patients...
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pure pancreatic juice from 14 healthy normal subjects, 11 chronic alcoholics without detectable pancreatic disease, 15 patients with pancreatitis, and two with cancer of the pancreas consistently demonstrated the presence of two variants of trypsinogen with different electrophoretic mobilities. In healthy normal subjects the proportion of cationic to anionic trypsinogen was invariably greater than 1 and averaged about 2. In chronic alcoholics, patients with pancreatitis or cancer of the pancreas, this ratio, with a single exception, was below one and averaged about 0.45. The extraordinary consistency of these findings suggests that the quantitative relationship between cationic and anionic trypsinogen in human pancreatic juice may be a very sensitive indicator of incipient or existing pancreatic pathology. The most acceptable explanation for the reversal of the normal zymogen ratio in pancreatic disease is a selective increase in the synthesis of the anionic variant relative to that of the cationic species. Total trypsinogen concentrations differed widely from one another in the three patient groups, but the ratio of cationic to anionic trypsinogen exhibited little change and remained below 1. Our results also demonstrate for the first time a specific effect of chronic alcohol abuse on the secretory profile of a pancreatic enzyme in human subjects. A newly discovered minor, trypsinogen-like component of human pancreatic juice was found to be significantly increased in pancreatic juice of chronic alcoholics, decreased in pancreatic secretions of patients with pancreatitis, and barely detectable in those of two patients with cancer of the pancreas.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Trypsinogen
PubMed: 533700
DOI: 10.1136/gut.20.10.886 -
Gut Apr 1995Impaired secretion of lithostathine, a pancreatic glycoprotein capable of inhibiting the growth of CaCO3 crystals, has been reported in chronic calcifying pancreatitis....
Impaired secretion of lithostathine, a pancreatic glycoprotein capable of inhibiting the growth of CaCO3 crystals, has been reported in chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Controversial results were obtained, however, using immunoassays with different antibodies. The aim of this study was to purify and to measure juice lithostathine by a non-immunological method. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a cation exchange column eluted by a sodium chloride gradient, was used. The conditions appropriate to separate secretory (S) from hydrolysed (H) isoforms of immunopurified lithostathine were also used for juice analysis. Pancreatic juice was collected by endoscopic cannulation of the major pancreatic duct, after secretin stimulation, from eight patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and from eight controls. In all samples, S-isoforms of lithostathine (ranging from 16 to 19 Mr at SDS-PAGE) were the only constituent of two of the 15 peaks in which FPLC resolved the pancreatic proteins. The nature of these two peaks was confirmed by their coelution with immunopurified S-lithostathine and by immunoblot analysis with polyclonal anti-lithostathine antibodies. The ratio between the area of S-lithostathine peaks and the total area of proteic eluates, was always lower in CP patients (5.3 micrograms/mg of protein, median value; 0.2-15.4, range) than in controls (35.2 micrograms/mg; 16.6-55.9). It is concluded that lithostathine can be purified and measured in pancreatic juice by FPLC. Our results with a nonimmunological assay confirm a reduced secretion of lithostathine in patients with CP.
Topics: Adult; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Lithostathine; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Phosphoproteins
PubMed: 7737574
DOI: 10.1136/gut.36.4.622 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2008Piperacillin-tazobactam was administered as a single dose (4.5 g intravenous) to five patients with stabilized external pancreatic fistula. The penetration into...
Piperacillin-tazobactam was administered as a single dose (4.5 g intravenous) to five patients with stabilized external pancreatic fistula. The penetration into pancreatic juice was prompt, and inhibitory concentrations were achieved and maintained for different periods (0.5 to 6 h) according to bacterial susceptibility and patients' characteristics. Piperacillin and tazobactam showed superimposable pharmacokinetics in both serum and pancreatic juice.
Topics: Aged; Ampulla of Vater; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
PubMed: 18809943
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00509-08 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Apr 2018Glutamine (Gln) is the most concentrated amino acid in blood and considered conditionally essential. Its requirement is increased during physiological stress, such as...
Glutamine (Gln) is the most concentrated amino acid in blood and considered conditionally essential. Its requirement is increased during physiological stress, such as malnutrition or illness, despite its production by muscle and other organs. In the malnourished state, Gln has been suggested to have a trophic effect on the exocrine pancreas and small intestine. However, the Gln transport capacity, the functional relationship of these two organs, and the potential role of the Gln-glutamate (Glu) cycle are unknown. We observed that pancreatic acinar cells express lower levels of Glu than Gln transporters. Consistent with this expression pattern, the rate of Glu influx into acinar cells was approximately sixfold lower than that of Gln. During protein restriction, acinar cell glutaminase expression was increased and Gln accumulation was maintained. Moreover, Glu secretion by acinar cells into pancreatic juice and thus into the lumen of the small intestine was maintained. In the intestinal lumen, Glu absorption was preserved and Glu dehydrogenase expression was augmented, potentially providing the substrates for increasing energy production via the TCA cycle. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which Gln exerts a positive effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine involves the Gln metabolism in acinar cells and the secretion of Glu into the small intestine lumen. The exocrine pancreas acinar cells not only avidly accumulate Gln but metabolize Gln to generate energy and to synthesize Glu for secretion in the pancreatic juice. Secreted Glu is suggested to play an important role during malnourishment in sustaining small intestinal homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glutamine (Gln) has been suggested to have a trophic effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine in malnourished states, but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we suggest that this trophic effect derives from an interorgan relationship between exocrine pancreas and small intestine for Gln-glutamate (Glu) utilization involving the uptake and metabolism of Gln in acinar cells and secretion of Glu into the lumen of the small intestine.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Biological Transport; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Enterocytes; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamine; Intestine, Small; Malnutrition; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Juice; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 29167114
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00135.2017 -
JOP : Journal of the Pancreas Nov 2010Cytological assessment of pancreatic juice is commonly used to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, the sensitivity of cytological assessment has been...
CONTEXT
Cytological assessment of pancreatic juice is commonly used to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, the sensitivity of cytological assessment has been reported to be low. MicroRNAs are small RNAs regulating various cellular processes and have recently been identified as possible markers of malignant diseases including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to prove the existence of microRNAs in pancreatic juice and to determine whether specific microRNAs in pancreatic juice could be used for detecting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
METHODS
Relative expression levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of resected specimens (no. 13) and pancreatic juice samples collected using preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (no. 21) were quantified and their expression levels were then compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
RESULTS
Relative expression levels of microRNA-21 in tissue and pancreatic juice samples were significantly higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than those in chronic pancreatitis (P=0.009 and P=0.021, respectively). The same results were obtained in the expression levels of microRNA-155 in tissue and pancreatic juice between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis (P=0.014 and P=0.021, respectively). Expression levels of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 did not correlate with the preoperative cytological results of pancreatic juice.
CONCLUSION
MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-155 in pancreatic juice have the potential of becoming biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Preoperative Period
PubMed: 21068491
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2015Four Holstein heifers (215 ± 7 kg; means ± SD), fitted with one pancreatic pouch, duodenal re-entrant cannulas, and duodenal infusion catheters, were used in this...
Four Holstein heifers (215 ± 7 kg; means ± SD), fitted with one pancreatic pouch, duodenal re-entrant cannulas, and duodenal infusion catheters, were used in this experiment. In phase 1, the 24-h profile of pancreatic fluid was determined. Pancreatic fluid flow peaked 1h after feeding, but peaks of similar magnitude also occurred before the morning feed, necessitating 24-h collection of pancreatic fluid to estimate daily excretion. In phase 2, the effects of duodenal infusions of 0, 10, 20, or 30 g of leucine on pancreatic fluid flow were determined in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The leucine was infused for 12h in 2,500 mL of the infusate, and samples of pancreatic fluid and jugular blood were collected in 1-h intervals from the beginning of the infusion for 36 h. The results showed that the secretion rate of pancreatic fluid (mL/h) was significantly higher in 10-g leucine group than the other groups (mL/h). Protein concentration (mg/mL) in pancreatic fluid was elevated proportional to the amount of leucine infused. Leucine infusions increased both the concentration (U/mL) and secretion rate (U/h) of α-amylase. Infusion of 10 g of leucine also increased the secretion rates (U/h) of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase, but did not change their concentrations. No significant effects of leucine infusions on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were found. The results indicate that leucine could act as a nutrient signal to stimulate α-amylase production and pancreatic exocrine function in dairy heifers.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chymotrypsin; Duodenum; Female; Infusions, Parenteral; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Leucine; Lipase; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Starch; Trypsin; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 25648818
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8404