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The Journal of Physiology Sep 19721. The absorption of (3)H- and (14)C-labelled palmitic, stearic and oleic acids under control conditions and in the absence of bile and/or pancreatic juice has been...
1. The absorption of (3)H- and (14)C-labelled palmitic, stearic and oleic acids under control conditions and in the absence of bile and/or pancreatic juice has been studied in sheep prepared with intestinal cannulae and reentrant fistulation of the thoracic lymph duct.2. Under control conditions the percentage recoveries in thoracic duct lymph of fatty acids introduced into the duodenum were: stearic acid 59.6 +/- 3.2 (mean +/- S.E. of mean), palmitic acid 71.1 +/- 1.2 and oleic acid 80.4 +/- 1.9.3. At the peak of absorption over 90% of the radioactivity was located in the triglyceride fraction.4. It was calculated that between 1900 and 3800 ml. lymph containing up to 20 g lipid flowed daily from the thoracic duct. The major fatty acids of lymph triglycerides were C(16:0) (26%), C(18:0) (39%) and C(18:1) (19%).5. In the absence of pancreatic juice, but in the presence of bile, the absorption of stearic, palmitic and oleic acids was 0.8, 4.-8.5 and 26% respectively of the dose injected into the duodenum. In the absence of bile but presence of pancreatic juice corresponding values were 0.1-0.5, 1.8 and 7.7%.6. In the absence of pancreatic juice the total lipid content of thoracic duct lymph fell from 800 to 80 mg% within 4 hr. When bile was also absent the lipid content of lymph fell further to 50 mg%.7. It is concluded that pancreatic juice functions in the lumen of the intestine probably through the production from biliary lecithin of the lysolecithin necessary for the optimum absorption of lipids.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Fatty Acids; Female; Intestinal Absorption; Oleic Acids; Palmitic Acids; Pancreatic Juice; Sheep; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 5076388
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009956 -
Peptides 1981Considerable amounts of IRS are secreted after secretin injection in human pancreatic juice collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The mean IRS...
Considerable amounts of IRS are secreted after secretin injection in human pancreatic juice collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The mean IRS levels in the pancreatic juice of non-diabetic patients were 79 +/- 10 (SE) pg/ml. The IRS levels in NIDDM were considerably higher, the mean value being 1635 +/- 313 (SE) pg/ml. The mean IRS level in IDDM were 312 +/- 151 (SE) pg/ml. In IDDM, those patients whose blood glucose levels were well controlled by insulin showed low pancreatic juice IRS ranging from non-detectable to 46 pg/ml. On the other hand, those with uncontrolled hyperglycemia showed IRS levels ranging form 452 to 1047 pg/ml. Gel-filtration profiles of IRS in pancreatic juice extracts were not consistent in all cases. Some showed IRS peaks eluting with SS14 and SS28, while others contained IRS species that were eluted in more retarded fractions. The retarded IRS fraction exhibited biological activity indistinguishable from that of SS14 as indexed using a quantitative cytochemical method.
Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastric Juice; Humans; Insulin; Pancreatic Juice; Pentagastrin; Secretin; Somatostatin; Somatostatin-28
PubMed: 6123989
DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(81)90044-9 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Dec 1995We developed a new canine model of chronic pancreatic juice diversion from duodenum to distal ileum in order to investigate the effect of pancreatic juice on the...
We developed a new canine model of chronic pancreatic juice diversion from duodenum to distal ileum in order to investigate the effect of pancreatic juice on the secretion of enteroglucagon, and the growth of intestinal mucosa. In seven adult mongrel dogs, the minor pancreatic duct was ligated and excised. Then, 3 cm of duodenal segment including the pancreatic duct was transformed into a small pouch which was anastomosed to the distal ileum. Butter ingestion tests were performed before and after surgery to evaluate the effect of surgery on enteroglucagon secretion. In addition, intestinal mucosal thickness was measured, using specimens taken both at the time of surgery and during autopsy at the end of the study. We observed significant hypersecretion of enteroglucagon and mucosal growth throughout the whole small intestine. However, extent or grade of mucosal growth was not related to the mucosal contact of pancreatic juice. These results suggested that chronic pancreatic juice diversion from duodenum to the distal ileum induced mucosal growth of the whole small intestine and hypersecretion of enteroglucagon may play a important role in this growth.
Topics: Amylases; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Butter; Dogs; Female; Glucagon; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver Function Tests; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Triglycerides
PubMed: 8928188
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.177.279 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Feb 2017To determine if T1-weighted MR signal of the pancreas can be used to detect early CP.
PURPOSE
To determine if T1-weighted MR signal of the pancreas can be used to detect early CP.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on 51 suspected CP patients, who had both secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) and an intraductal secretin stimulation test (IDST). There were 29 patients in normal and 22 patients in the low bicarbonate group. Bicarbonate level, total pancreatic juice volume, and excretory flow rate were recorded during IDST. Signal intensity ratio of pancreas (SIR), fat signal fraction, pancreatograms findings, and grade of duodenal filling were recorded on S-MRCP by two blinded radiologists.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the signal intensity ratio of the pancreas to spleen (SIR) between the normal and low bicarbonate groups (p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation was found between pancreatic fluid bicarbonate level and SIR (p < 0.0001). SIR of 1.2 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83% for detection of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction (AUC: 0.89).
CONCLUSION
T1-weighted MR signal of the pancreas has a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of parenchymal abnormalities related to exocrine dysfunction and can therefore be helpful in evaluation of suspected early CP.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bicarbonates; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; Secretin; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 27660281
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0917-2 -
The Journal of Physiology Sep 2003In exocrine pancreas, acini release ATP and the excurrent ducts express several types of purinergic P2 receptors. Thereby, ATP, or its hydrolytic products, might play a...
In exocrine pancreas, acini release ATP and the excurrent ducts express several types of purinergic P2 receptors. Thereby, ATP, or its hydrolytic products, might play a role as a paracrine regulator between acini and ducts. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether this acinar-ductal signalling is regulated by nucleotidase(s), and to characterize and localize one of the nucleotidases within the rat pancreas. Using RT-PCR and Western blotting we show that pancreas expresses the full length ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, CD39. Immunofluorescence shows CD39 localization on basolateral membranes of acini and intracellularly. In small intercalated/ interlobular ducts, CD39 immunofluorescence was localized on the luminal membranes, while in larger ducts it was localized on the basolateral membranes. Upon stimulation with cholecystokinin-octapeptide-8 (CCK-8), acinar CD39 relocalizes in clusters towards the lumen and is secreted. As a result, pancreatic juice collected from intact pancreas stimulated with CCK-8 contained nucleotidase activity, including that of CD39, and no detectable amounts of ATP. Anti-CD39 antibodies detected the full length (78 kDa) CD39 in pancreatic juice. This CD39 was confined only to the particulate and not to the soluble fraction of CCK-8-stimulated secretion. No CD39 activity was detected in secretion stimulated by secretin. The role of secreted particulate, possibly microsomal, CD39 would be to regulate intraluminal ATP concentrations within the ductal tree. In conclusion, we show a novel inducible release of full length particulate CD39, and propose its role in the physiological context of pancreatic secretion.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blotting, Western; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 12832497
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049411 -
Annals of Surgery Dec 1980
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Dogs; Electrophoresis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Peptide Hydrolases; Research Design; Trypsin
PubMed: 7004363
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198012000-00016 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology.... 1978
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Polypeptide
PubMed: 298737
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s1-8.1.43 -
Gastroenterology Nov 1986We investigated a possible role of endogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) in the mechanism of exocrine pancreatic secretion after excluding pancreatic juice...
We investigated a possible role of endogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) in the mechanism of exocrine pancreatic secretion after excluding pancreatic juice from the intestine in rats. Fasting plasma immunoreactive CCK-PZ was determined in normal rats, in rats with pancreatic duct ligation, and in sham-operated rats. The mean fasting plasma CCK-PZ concentration of rats with pancreatic duct ligation, 25.1 +/- 2.0 pM, was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than those of normal and sham-operated rats, 14.3 +/- 1.7 and 11.5 +/- 2.2 pM, respectively. Whereas mean postprandial plasma CCK-PZ concentrations of normal and sham-operated rats were significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than their fasting levels, no significant increase occurred in the rats with pancreatic duct ligation after a meal. The mean fasting plasma CCK-PZ concentration of rats with pancreatic duct ligation was comparable to the mean postprandial CCK-PZ level of normal and sham-operated rats. To determine a possible role of circulating endogenous CCK-PZ on the pancreatic secretion, anesthetized rats were prepared with ligation of pylorus and cannulation of pancreatic duct. After diversion of pancreatic juice began, pancreatic secretion including protein significantly increased, which coincided with a significant increase in plasma CCK-PZ concentration. The increases in both pancreatic secretion and plasma CCK-PZ were reversed by intraduodenal administration of bovine trypsin or rat pancreatic juice. Furthermore, the increase in pancreatic secretion was abolished by intravenous infusion of proglumide or an intravenous bolus injection of a rabbit anti-CCK-PZ serum, which also blocked clearly the increase in the pancreatic secretion stimulated by exogenous CCK-PZ8 (0.125 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) in rats. Thus we conclude that the increase in pancreatic secretion resulting from elimination of pancreatic juice from the intestine is attributable, in part, to increased release of CCK-PZ, and thus it is suggested that trypsin in the intestinal lumen plays a significant role in release of CCK-PZ.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Female; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 3758609
DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(86)80013-0 -
JOP : Journal of the Pancreas Jan 2013To compare pancreatic duct cell function in smokers (current and past) and never smokers by measurement of secretin-stimulated peak bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-])...
OBJECTIVE
To compare pancreatic duct cell function in smokers (current and past) and never smokers by measurement of secretin-stimulated peak bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]) in endoscopic collected pancreatic fluid (PF).
METHODS
This retrospective study was cross-sectional in design, recording demographic information (age, gender, etc.), smoking status (former, current, never), alcohol intake, clinical data (imaging, endoscopy), and laboratory results (peak PF [HCO3-]) from subjects evaluated for pancreatic disease at a tertiary pancreas center. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis (SAS Version 9.2, Cary, NC, USA) was performed to assess the relationship between cigarette smoking and secretin-stimulated pancreatic fluid bicarbonate concentration.
RESULTS
A total of 131 subjects underwent pancreatic fluid collection (endoscopic pancreatic function test, ePFT) for bicarbonate analysis: 25.2% (33 out of 131) past smokers, 31.3% (41 out of 131) current smokers, and 43.5% (57 out of 131) were never smokers. Measures of Association: The mean peak PF [HCO3-] in never smokers (81.3 ± 18.5 mEq/L) was statistically higher (indicating better duct cell function) when compared to past smokers (66.8 ± 24.7 mEq/L, P=0.005) and current smokers (70.0 ± 20.2 mEq/L, P=0.005). However, the mean peak [HCO3-] in past smokers was not statistically different from that in current smokers (P=0.575), and therefore, the two smoking groups were combined to form a single "smokers cohort". When compared to the never smokers, the smokers cohort was older (P=0.037) and had a greater proportion of subjects with definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (P=0.010), alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day (P=0.012), and abnormal peak PF [HCO3-] (P<0.001). Risk-Based Estimates: Cigarette smoking (risk ratio, RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5; P<0.001), diagnosis of definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6-3.2; P<0.001) and alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; P=0.033) were all associated with low mean peak PF [HCO3-] (indicating duct cell secretory dysfunction). Multivariate Analysis: Smoking (odds ratio, OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-9.1; P=0.003) and definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 2.2-14.8; P<0.001) were determined to be independent predictors of low peak PF [HCO3-], controlling for age, gender, and alcohol intake. Furthermore there was no interaction between smoking status and alcohol intake in predicting duct cell dysfunction (P=0.571).
CONCLUSION
Measurement of pancreatic fluid bicarbonate in smokers reveals that cigarette smoking (past and current) is an independent risk factor for pancreatic duct cell secretory dysfunction (low PF [HCO3-]). Furthermore, the risk of duct cell dysfunction in subjects who smoked was approximately twice the risk (RR: 2.2) in never smokers. Further in depth, translational research approaches to pancreatic fluid analysis may help unravel mechanisms of cigarette smoking induced pancreatic duct cell injury.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Bicarbonates; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 23306332
DOI: 10.6092/1590-8577/1195 -
The Keio Journal of Medicine Jun 1989The etiology of choledochal cyst has been investigated by clinicians and pathologists primarily of Germany, Austria, United States, United Kingdom, and Japan from the... (Review)
Review
The etiology of choledochal cyst has been investigated by clinicians and pathologists primarily of Germany, Austria, United States, United Kingdom, and Japan from the end of the last century, but Japanese investigators contributed greatly to the study of the relationship between choledochal cyst and anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. Heid (1893) is considered to be the first to document choledochal cyst associated with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, but it was probably Kozumi et al. (1916) that first evaluated anomalous junction in relation to the etiology of choledochal cyst. Yotsuyanagi (1936), who is noted for his work on the etiological studies of choledochal cyst, attached particular importance to anomalous junction and attempted to establish a relationship between dysplasia of the primordial common bile duct and its anomalous junction with the pancreatic duct. It is no exaggeration to say that this area was led by Japanese investigators even after the introduction of Babbitt's anomalous junction theory (1968). In this review, etiological theories of choledochal cyst and their changes with time were discussed separately for those before and after the advent of Babbitt's anomalous junction theory (1968) with particular reference to the causative relationship between anomalous junction and choledochal cyst. Although there is as yet no definite answer to this problem, the theories advanced to date are considered to be summarized as the following three major lines of thought: 1) bile duct dilatation and anomalous junction are both congenital dysplasia occurring simultaneously during the embryonic development, 2) bile duct dilatation is a secondary change induced by influx of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract due to anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, and 3) bile duct dilatation is induced secondarily by stenosis of the distal bile duct, which is a part of complex anomaly of the pancreaticobility system. Which of these etiological mechanisms is more important than others must still be clarified, but these three factors are considered to be interrelated with one another in the etiology of choledochal cyst.
Topics: Biliary Fistula; Biliary Tract; Cholestasis; Common Bile Duct Diseases; Cysts; Dilatation, Pathologic; Fistula; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Juice
PubMed: 2674514
DOI: 10.2302/kjm.38.136